CN112676691A - Electron beam welding method for TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials - Google Patents
Electron beam welding method for TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an electron beam welding method of TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials, which comprises the following steps: fixing a butt joint of a workpiece to be welded and placing the butt joint in a vacuum environment; tack welding, wherein the parameters of tack welding are as follows: the length of each section of welding line is 20-25 mm, the working distance is 400mm, the accelerating voltage is 50-60 kV, the focal voltage on the surface of a focusing current is plus (0.01-0.03) A, the electron beam current is 10-25 mA, and the welding speed is 600-800 mm/min; formal welding, wherein the parameters of the formal welding are as follows: the working distance is 400mm, the accelerating voltage is 50-60 kV, the surface focus of a focusing current is (-0.01- +0.02) A, the electron beam current is 40-85 mA, and the welding speed is 600-800 mm/min; modifying welding, wherein parameters of modifying welding are as follows: the working distance is 400mm, the accelerating voltage is 50-60 kV, the focal point on the surface of a focusing current is plus (0.02-0.04) A, the electron beam current is 30-50 mA, and the welding speed is 600-800 mm/min; and (5) cooling in vacuum and cleaning after welding. The weld joint formed by welding in the invention is continuous and uniform, has good forming, has no defects such as air holes and cracks, and has excellent mechanical property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electron beam welding, and particularly relates to an electron beam welding method for TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials.
Background
With the rapid development of aerospace industry in China, the requirements on technical indexes of aircrafts are higher and higher, and the requirements on comprehensive performance of structural materials are higher and higher. Titanium alloy is an important structural material in the aerospace field due to its high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance, good heat resistance and weldability. Wherein, Ti60 is a novel 600 ℃ high-temperature titanium alloy developed by Beijing aviation materials research institute, and belongs to a Ti-Al-Sn-Zr-Mo-Si near alpha type system. The alloy has excellent creep resistance, fatigue strength and damage tolerance performance at the temperature of 600 ℃, and is suitable for manufacturing hot end parts serving below 600 ℃ of an advanced aerospace vehicle. The TA15 titanium alloy is Ti-Al-Zr-Mo-V series alloy, which is near alpha type titanium alloy with high Al equivalent. It adopts solid solution strengthening mode, and adds a small amount of neutral element Zr and beta stabilizing elements Mo and V at the same time of adding alpha stabilizing element Al. The alloy has moderate room temperature and high temperature strength, good thermal stability and welding performance.
In the actual production of aerospace products, the requirements for welding TA15 and Ti60 titanium alloy together increasingly appear according to the difference of service environments, the bearing temperature and the required mechanical properties of different parts of the same part, so that the production cost is reduced under the condition of not reducing the product performance, and the welding of dissimilar titanium alloy materials is involved. Because TA15 and Ti60 titanium alloy have different components and contents, corresponding physical performance parameters have difference, cold cracks and other defects are easy to occur during welding, and the welding difficulty is higher.
At present, the welding methods for dissimilar titanium alloys mainly include argon arc welding, laser welding and the like. These methods all have some disadvantages. The argon arc welding has large heat input, large deformation of components in the welding process, and easy formation of a large number of cracks in a welding seam, and meanwhile, the welding seam and the texture of a heat affected zone are heated seriously in the welding process, so that the coarsening of crystal grains and an internal strengthening phase is obvious, and the mechanical property of the welding seam is reduced. The laser welding method has many advantages, including concentrated heat input, small heat affected zone, fast welding speed, high welding efficiency, small deformation after welding, etc. However, when the titanium alloy is laser welded, the surface of the alloy is easily oxidized, which causes formation of defects such as pores and oxides, and reduces the toughness of the material. Meanwhile, the welding of the titanium alloy material with large thickness is difficult to realize due to the limitation of the laser power. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a more efficient method of welding dissimilar titanium alloys.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the inventor of the invention carries out intensive research and provides an electron beam welding method for TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials, the formed welding seam has good appearance quality and internal quality, the joint of the welding seam is continuous and uniform, the interior has no defects of cracks, incomplete penetration and the like, the welding quality meets the requirements of a GJB1718A-2005 electron beam welding Standard I-level welding seam, and the mechanical property of the welding seam is excellent, thereby completing the invention.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
an electron beam welding method of TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials comprises the following steps:
fixing a butt joint of a workpiece to be welded, and placing the butt joint in a vacuum environment, wherein the workpiece to be welded is a dissimilar titanium alloy material of TA15 and Ti 60;
step (2), adopting electron beams to perform positioning welding on the butt joint of the workpiece to be welded; the parameters of tack welding are: the length of each section of welding line is 20-25 mm, the working distance is 400mm, the accelerating voltage is 50-60 kV, the focal voltage on the surface of a focusing current is plus (0.01-0.03) A, the electron beam current is 10-25 mA, and the welding speed is 600-800 mm/min;
and (3) formally welding the butt joint by adopting an electron beam, wherein the formally welding parameters are as follows: the working distance is 400mm, the accelerating voltage is 50-60 kV, the surface focus of a focusing current is (-0.01- +0.02) A, the electron beam current is 40-85 mA, and the welding speed is 600-800 mm/min;
and (4) performing modification welding on the butt joint by adopting an electron beam, wherein the parameters of the modification welding are as follows: the working distance is 400mm, the accelerating voltage is 50-60 kV, the focal point on the surface of a focusing current is plus (0.02-0.04) A, the electron beam current is 30-50 mA, and the welding speed is 600-800 mm/min;
and (5) after welding, carrying out vacuum cooling, and cleaning after welding.
The electron beam welding method for the TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the electron beam welding method for the TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials, the TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials are welded by using vacuum electron beams, beam energy is concentrated, heat input is small, a heat affected zone is small, deformation in the welding process is reduced, welding can be well protected by welding in vacuum, and alloy oxidation and element burning loss are avoided;
(2) the electron beam welding method for the TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials provided by the invention designs proper electron beam current, focusing current (focus position) and welding speed to improve the quality of a welding seam, the parameters cooperate to ensure that the internal quality of the welding seam meets the quality requirement of an I-level welding joint in the GJB1718A standard, no welding defects such as air holes, incomplete penetration, incomplete fusion and the like exist in the welding seam, the welding seam has excellent mechanical properties, the strength of the welding seam exceeds more than 90% of the strength of a TA15 titanium alloy base material, and the elongation after fracture is not lower than 7%. Meanwhile, the welding deformation of the structural member is reduced, and more choices are provided for the application of the material on a complex structure;
in the processes of tack welding, formal welding and modified welding, the accelerating voltage and the electron beam current determine the power of electron beam welding together, and further determine the penetration depth and the fusion width of a welding seam;
the welding speed influences the penetration and the fusion width of a welding seam and the molten pool behavior of a welded material, the larger the welding speed is, the narrower the fusion width is, and the fusion depth is reduced;
(3) according to the electron beam welding method for the TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials, modification welding is adopted after formal welding, the modification welding is not equal to the formal welding, partial gas in a molten pool is released favorably in the modification welding, pores in a welding seam are eliminated, the surface of the welding seam is modified, and the welding seam is smooth and continuous;
(4) according to the electron beam welding method for the TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials, after welding is completed, the titanium alloy materials are cooled in a vacuum environment, and the titanium alloy workpiece in a high-temperature state after welding is prevented from being oxidized in air;
(5) according to the electron beam welding method for the TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials, the surfaces of the joints of TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy welding joints are continuous and uniform, the forming is good, the defects of incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration, cracks and the like do not exist in the welding joints, and the requirements of GJB171 1718A-2005 Electron Beam welding Standard I-level welding joints are met; the cross section of the welding seam presents a funnel shape; the average tensile strength of the TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy joint is not less than 1010MPa, exceeds more than 90 percent of the strength of TA15 titanium alloy base metal, and the elongation after fracture is not less than 7 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for electron beam welding of dissimilar titanium alloy materials TA15 and Ti60 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a butt joint made of dissimilar titanium alloy materials TA15 and Ti60 in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a 2mm thick TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy weld of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a 3mm thick TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy weld of example 2;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a 10mm thick TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy weld of example 3.
Detailed Description
The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and appreciated from the following detailed description of the invention.
The invention provides an electron beam welding method of TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials, as shown in figure 1, comprising the following steps:
step 1, fixing a butt joint of a workpiece to be welded, and placing the butt joint in a vacuum environment, wherein the workpiece to be welded is made of TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials, and the thickness of the butt joint is 2-10 mm. The structure of the butt joint is schematically shown in fig. 2. The workpieces to be welded are firmly fixed, the gap between the butt joints is not more than 0.15mm, and the step difference is not more than 10% of the wall thickness of the base metal;
and 3, formally welding the butt joint by adopting an electron beam, wherein the formally welding parameters are as follows: the working distance is 400mm, the accelerating voltage is 50-60 kV, the surface focus of a focusing current is (-0.01- +0.02) A, the electron beam current is 40-85 mA, and the welding speed is 600-800 mm/min;
and 4, performing modification welding on the butt joint by adopting an electron beam, wherein the parameters of the modification welding are as follows: the working distance is 400mm, the accelerating voltage is 50-60 kV, the focal point on the surface of a focusing current is plus (0.02-0.04) A, the electron beam current is 30-50 mA, and the welding speed is 600-800 mm/min. The modified welding is beneficial to releasing partial gas in a molten pool, reducing the porosity of a welding seam, modifying the surface of the welding seam and improving the quality of the welding seam.
Step 5, vacuum cooling is carried out, and the high-temperature titanium alloy workpiece is prevented from being oxidized in the air; and after vacuum cooling, cleaning after welding, namely polishing and cleaning the surface of the welding line, and ensuring that the welding line and the base metal are smooth in transition.
In the invention, the TA15 titanium alloy comprises Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1 Mo-1V, and the Ti60 titanium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: al (5.8%), Sn (4.0%), Zr (4.0%), Nb (0.7%), Ta (1.5%), Si (0.4%), C (0.06%), Ti (rest).
The electron beam welding is a welding method for fusing welded metal by utilizing heat energy generated by bombarding a connecting part of a weldment by using converged high-speed electron beam in a vacuum environment. The electron beam welding has the characteristics of large depth-to-width ratio of welding seams, small heat affected zone, good welding seam formability, no air pollution and the like, is an important connecting process of the titanium alloy, and can meet the requirement of advanced manufacturing of titanium alloy products with complex aerospace structures in the future. The electron beam welding is carried out under high vacuum, has good vacuum condition, can protect a welding pool, prevents oxidation and burning loss of metal elements, has degassing effect on welding seam metal, is particularly suitable for welding active metal workpieces such as titanium alloy and the like, prevents oxidation or nitridation of the alloy, and has high purity of the welding seam.
In the present invention, in the electron beam welding method of a titanium alloy material other than TA15 and Ti60, in step (1), the workpiece to be welded is subjected to pre-weld cleaning in advance, the pre-weld cleaning including: cleaning oxide skin and oil stain within a range of 20-50 mm away from the periphery of the center of the butt joint, scraping the butt joint surface of the butt joint by using a scraper until a white metal body is exposed on the surface of a base material, and wiping the surface of the workpiece to be welded clean by using alcohol or acetone.
The surface of a workpiece to be welded is cleaned, impurities such as oxides are removed, and the probability of generating weld defects is reduced; in addition, the lack of surface purity can increase the time for vacuumizing, affect the stability of the electron gun and reduce the service life of the vacuum pump.
In the electron beam welding method of TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials, in the step (1), the step difference of the dissimilar titanium alloy plates during butt joint is not more than 10% of the thickness of the base metal wall. If the step difference is too large, the effective depth of the welding line can be reduced, the quality of the welding line is influenced, and the mechanical property of the welding line is further damaged.
The maximum clearance of the welding seam after the titanium alloy plate is fixed is not more than 0.15 mm. The clearance is too big, can lead to the electron beam welding time appearing the welding seam sunken, leads to welding seam intensity not enough, has also increased the appearance probability of gas pocket simultaneously.
In the electron beam welding method of the TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials, in the step (2), the positioning welding is uniformly carried out along the butt joint of the workpieces to be welded, and the length of each section of welding line is 20-25 mm. The length of the tack weld is too short, the fixing effect is poor, deformation and displacement are easy to occur during welding, and the welding quality is affected.
In the electron beam welding method of the TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials, the working distance of tack welding, main welding and finish welding in the steps (2) to (4) is 400 mm. Under the working distance, the gas generated in the welding process is far away from the electron gun, and the stability of the electron gun cannot be influenced.
For electron beam welding, generally, the acceleration voltage and the working distance are fixed, and the welding penetration and the internal quality are mainly influenced by welding current, focusing current (focal position) and welding speed, so that the invention designs more proper electron beam current, focusing current (focal position) and welding speed to improve the quality of a welding seam. In the processes of tack welding, formal welding and modified welding, the accelerating voltage and the electron beam current determine the power of electron beam welding together, and further determine the penetration and the width of a welding line; the welding speed influences the penetration depth and the fusion width of a welding seam and the molten pool behavior of a welded material, and the larger the welding speed is, the narrower the fusion width is, and the penetration depth is reduced. In the invention, the parameters selected in the positioning welding process can ensure that the weld penetration reaches about 1/3 of the actual thickness, the weld width reaches 1/2 of the actual weld width, and sectional welding is adopted, so that the workpieces to be welded can be ensured to be positioned and connected, and large deformation caused by too wide weld width is avoided. In the formal welding process, parameters such as matched current, focusing current, welding speed and the like are selected according to the thickness of a structural part, so that effective weld penetration can be ensured, the width of a weld can be controlled, the internal defects of the weld can be reduced to the maximum extent, and the internal quality of the weld can be improved; meanwhile, the internal structure of the welding seam is effectively improved, and the mechanical property is improved. The selection of welding parameters in the process of modifying the welding is mainly aimed at optimizing the formation of the surface of the welding seam, so that the quality of the surface of the welding seam is smooth, the defects of surface undercut and the like are effectively reduced, the surface stress concentration is reduced, and the strength of the welding seam is improved.
In the electron beam welding method of the TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials, in the step (3), as the thickness of the butt joint is increased from 2mm to 10mm, the electron beam current for formal welding is linearly increased from 40mA to 85 mA. Along with the increase of the thickness of the butt joint, the electron beam current for formal welding also linearly increases so as to ensure the welding penetration and the welding quality. The welding method is wide in application range, and can meet the requirement of welding dissimilar titanium alloy butt joints with the thickness of 2-10 mm.
In the electron beam welding method of the TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials, in the step (4), the electron beam current for modifying welding is linearly increased to 50mA from 30mA as the thickness of the butt joint is increased to 10mm from 2 mm. As the thickness of the butt joint increases, the electron beam current of the modified welding also shows a linear increasing trend so as to increase the penetration. After formal welding is finished, the flatness of the surface of the welding seam is poor, and when modification welding is carried out, partial remelting is carried out on the surface of the welding seam by using a current smaller than that of formal welding electron beams, so that partial internal pores can be eliminated, and the smooth and attractive surface of the welding bead can be ensured. The penetration of the embellished weld is lower than the formal weld and is not equivalent to the formal weld.
According to the invention, the TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials are welded by using the vacuum electron beam, the beam energy is concentrated, the heat input is small, the heat affected zone is small, the deformation in the welding process is reduced, meanwhile, the welding seam can be well protected by welding in vacuum, and the oxidation of the alloy and the element burning loss are avoided. After welding, the alloy test plate is cooled in a vacuum environment, so that the workpiece in a high-temperature state after welding is prevented from being oxidized in the air. The TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy welding joint has smooth surface and good transition with a matrix, has no defects of unfused, incomplete penetration, cracks and the like in the welding joint, and the welding joint meets the requirements of GJB1718A-2005 electron beam welding Standard I-level welding joint. The cross section structure of the welding seam presents a typical columnar crystal structure, and no obvious air holes exist inside. The average tensile strength of the TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy joint is not less than 1010MPa, exceeds more than 90 percent of the strength of TA15 titanium alloy base metal, and the elongation after fracture is not less than 7 percent.
Examples
Example 1
TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy flat plates with the thickness of 2mm are butt-welded. As shown in fig. 2, the joint structure is in a butt joint form, in which reference numeral 1-welding parent metal, 2-welding seam to be welded, 3-welding seam molten pool, 4-electron beam. The specific welding process is shown in fig. 1.
Cleaning before welding, namely, carrying out oil removal, acid cleaning, drying, polishing and scraping treatment on a TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy plate;
step (2), assembling, namely fixing the titanium alloy plate firmly, and ensuring that the maximum butt joint gap of a welding seam is not more than 0.15mm and the step difference is not more than 10% of the thickness of the base metal;
step (3), placing the assembled TA15 and Ti60 titanium alloy plates into a vacuum chamber and vacuumizing the vacuum chamber, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is 2 multiplied by 10-2Pa；
Step (4), calling an NC program when the vacuum degree meets the requirement, and teaching a welding seam track by using a smaller electron beam current (2-4 mA); the teaching process ensures that the beam spot of the electron beam is always positioned in the middle of the welding line;
step (5), carrying out uniform tack welding on the workpiece along the welding seam, wherein the welding parameters of the tack welding of the workpiece are as follows: each segment is 22mm in length, the working distance is 400mm, the accelerating voltage is 50kV, the focusing current surface focus is +0.02A, the electron beam current is 10mA, and the welding speed is 800 mm/min;
and (6) performing formal welding on the workpiece, wherein the welding parameters of the formal welding are as follows: the working distance is 400mm, the accelerating voltage is 50kV, the focus on the surface of a focusing current is +0.01A, the electron beam current is 40mA, and the welding speed is 600 mm/min;
step (7), performing modification welding on the welding seam, wherein the welding parameters of the modification welding on the surface of the welding seam are as follows: the working distance is 400mm, the accelerating voltage is 50kV, the focus on the surface of a focusing current is +0.02A, the electron beam current is 30mA, and the welding speed is 600 mm/min;
and (8) cooling in vacuum. And cleaning after welding.
The butt weld obtained by the welding method has a smooth and attractive surface. As shown in FIG. 3, the weld has good internal quality and no defects such as incomplete penetration, cracks, inclusions and the like. The weld quality meets the requirements of GJB1718A-2005 standard I-grade welds. The ultimate tensile strength of the joint reaches 1030MPa, which exceeds 90 percent of the strength of TA15 alloy parent metal, and the elongation after fracture is 7.0 percent.
Example 2
TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy flat plates with the thickness of 3mm are butt-welded. As shown in fig. 2, the joint structure is in the form of a butt joint.
Step (1), cleaning before welding, namely, carrying out oil removal, acid cleaning, drying, polishing and scraping treatment on the TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy plates
Step (2), assembling, namely fixing the titanium alloy plate firmly, and ensuring that the maximum butt joint gap of a welding seam is not more than 0.15mm and the step difference is not more than 10% of the thickness of the base metal;
step (3), placing the assembled TA15 and Ti60 alloy plates into a vacuum chamber and vacuumizing the vacuum chamber, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is 2 multiplied by 10-2Pa；
And (4) calling an NC program when the vacuum degree meets the requirement, and teaching the welding seam track by using a small electron beam current (2-4 mA). The teaching process ensures that the beam spot of the electron beam is always positioned in the middle of the welding line;
step (5), carrying out uniform tack welding on the workpiece along the welding seam, wherein the welding parameters of the tack welding of the workpiece are as follows: each segment is 25mm in length, the working distance is 400mm, the accelerating voltage is 50kV, the focusing current surface focus is +0.01A, the electron beam current is 16mA, and the welding speed is 800 mm/min;
and (6) performing formal welding on the workpiece, wherein the welding parameters of the formal welding are as follows: the working distance is 400mm, the accelerating voltage is 50kV, the focal current surface is-0.01A, the electron beam current is 56mA, and the welding speed is 700 mm/min;
step (7), performing modification welding on the welding seam, wherein the welding parameters of the modification welding on the surface of the welding seam are as follows: the working distance is 400mm, the accelerating voltage is 50kV, the focus on the surface of a focusing current is +0.03A, the electron beam current is 37.5mA, and the welding speed is 700 mm/min;
and (8) cooling in vacuum. And cleaning after welding.
The flat plate butt weld obtained by the welding method has smooth, continuous and beautiful surface. As shown in FIG. 4, the interior of the weld has no defects such as cracks, incomplete penetration and incomplete fusion, and no visible inclusions, and meets the requirements of GJB1718A-2005 standard I-level weld. The ultimate tensile strength of the joint reaches 1010MPa, which exceeds 90 percent of the strength of TA15 alloy parent metal, and the elongation after fracture is 7.8 percent.
Example 3
TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy flat plates with the thickness of 10mm are butt-welded. As shown in fig. 2, the joint structure is in the form of a butt joint.
Cleaning before welding, namely, carrying out oil removal, acid cleaning, drying, polishing and scraping treatment on a TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy plate;
step (2), assembling, namely fixing the titanium alloy plate firmly, and ensuring that the maximum butt joint gap of a welding seam is not more than 0.15mm and the step difference is not more than 10% of the thickness of the base metal;
step (3), placing the assembled TA15 and Ti60 alloy plates into a vacuum chamber and vacuumizing the vacuum chamber, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is 2 multiplied by 10-2Pa；
And (4) calling an NC program when the vacuum degree meets the requirement, and teaching the welding seam track by using a small electron beam current (2-4 mA). The teaching process ensures that the beam spot of the electron beam is always positioned in the middle of the welding line;
step (5), carrying out uniform tack welding on the workpiece along the welding seam, wherein the welding parameters of the tack welding of the workpiece are as follows: each segment is 25mm in length, the working distance is 400mm, the accelerating voltage is 50kV, the focusing current surface focus is +0.03A, the electron beam current is 25mA, and the welding speed is 800 mm/min;
and (6) performing formal welding on the workpiece, wherein the welding parameters of the formal welding are as follows: the working distance is 400mm, the accelerating voltage is 50kV, the focal current surface is-0.01A, the electron beam current is 85mA, and the welding speed is 700 mm/min;
step (7), performing modification welding on the welding seam, wherein the welding parameters of the modification welding on the surface of the welding seam are as follows: the working distance is 400mm, the acceleration voltage is 50kV, the focus on the surface of a focusing current is +0.04A, the electron beam current is 50mA, and the welding speed is 700 mm/min;
and (8) cooling in vacuum. And cleaning after welding.
The flat plate butt weld obtained by the welding method has smooth surface, smooth transition with a matrix, and no defects of oxidation, cracks and the like. As shown in FIG. 5, the interior of the weld has no defects such as cracks, incomplete penetration and incomplete fusion, and no visible inclusions, and meets the requirements of GJB1718A-2005 standard I-level weld. The ultimate tensile strength of the joint reaches 1022MPa, which exceeds 90 percent of the strength of TA15 alloy parent metal, and the elongation after fracture is 7.2 percent.
The invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative examples, but the description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.
Claims (8)
1. An electron beam welding method of TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:
fixing a butt joint of a workpiece to be welded, and placing the butt joint in a vacuum environment, wherein the workpiece to be welded is a dissimilar titanium alloy material of TA15 and Ti 60;
step (2), adopting electron beams to perform positioning welding on the butt joint of the workpiece to be welded; the parameters of tack welding are: the length of each section of welding line is 20-25 mm, the working distance is 400mm, the accelerating voltage is 50-60 kV, the focal voltage on the surface of a focusing current is plus (0.01-0.03) A, the electron beam current is 10-25 mA, and the welding speed is 600-800 mm/min;
and (3) formally welding the butt joint by adopting an electron beam, wherein the formally welding parameters are as follows: the working distance is 400mm, the accelerating voltage is 50-60 kV, the surface focus of a focusing current is (-0.01- +0.02) A, the electron beam current is 40-85 mA, and the welding speed is 600-800 mm/min;
and (4) performing modification welding on the butt joint by adopting an electron beam, wherein the parameters of the modification welding are as follows: the working distance is 400mm, the accelerating voltage is 50-60 kV, the focal point on the surface of a focusing current is plus (0.02-0.04) A, the electron beam current is 30-50 mA, and the welding speed is 600-800 mm/min;
and (5) after welding, carrying out vacuum cooling, and cleaning after welding.
2. The electron beam welding method of TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials according to claim 1, wherein the TA15 titanium alloy component is Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1 Mo-1V, and the Ti60 titanium alloy component is, in weight ratio: al: 5.8%, Sn: 4.0%, Zr: 4.0%, Nb: 0.7%, Ta: 1.5%, Si: 0.4%, C: 0.06%, Ti: and (4) the balance.
3. The electron beam welding method of TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the thickness of the butt joint is 2 to 10 mm.
4. The electron beam welding method of TA15 and Ti60 titanium alloy materials, according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the gap between the butt joints is not more than 0.15mm, and the step difference is not more than 10% of the base material wall thickness.
5. The electron beam welding method of TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials, according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), said workpieces to be welded are previously subjected to a pre-weld cleaning comprising: cleaning oxide skin and oil stain within a range of 20-50 mm away from the periphery of the center of the butt joint, scraping the butt joint surface of the butt joint by using a scraper until a white metal body is exposed on the surface of a base material, and wiping the surface of the workpiece to be welded clean by using alcohol or acetone.
6. The electron beam welding method of TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials, according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), as the thickness of the butt joint is increased from 2mm to 10mm, the electron beam current of the formal welding is linearly increased from 40mA to 85 mA.
7. The electron beam welding method of TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials according to claim 1, wherein in step (4), the electron beam current of the finish welding is linearly increased from 30mA to 50mA as the thickness of the butt joint is increased from 2mm to 10 mm.
8. The electron beam welding method of TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy materials, according to the claim 1, characterized in that, in the step (5), after the welding is completed, the surfaces of the joints of the TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy welding joints are smooth, no unfused, unwelded and crack defects exist in the welding joints, and the welding joints meet the requirements of GJB171 1718A-2005 Standard I-class welding seam of Electron Beam welding; the cross section structure of the welding seam presents a typical columnar crystal structure, and no obvious air holes exist inside the welding seam; the average tensile strength of the TA15 and Ti60 dissimilar titanium alloy joint is not less than 1010MPa, exceeds more than 90 percent of the strength of TA15 titanium alloy base metal, and the elongation after fracture is not less than 7 percent.
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