CN101073850A - Composite method for controlling electronic-beam welding thermal circulation of TiA/TiAl heterolytic material - Google Patents
Composite method for controlling electronic-beam welding thermal circulation of TiA/TiAl heterolytic material Download PDFInfo
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- CN101073850A CN101073850A CN 200710072371 CN200710072371A CN101073850A CN 101073850 A CN101073850 A CN 101073850A CN 200710072371 CN200710072371 CN 200710072371 CN 200710072371 A CN200710072371 A CN 200710072371A CN 101073850 A CN101073850 A CN 101073850A
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Abstract
The invention is concerned with TiAl/Ti3Al heterogeneity material electron beam jointing thermodynamic cycles complex control method, belonging to intermetallic compound jointing field. Its joint without crack for solving the cold crack produced through TiAl/Ti3Al heterogeneity material electron beam jointing. Set insulation panels between the object for welding and the clamping device of welding machine. Press and fix the two plane-shape jointing objects with welding line on the parallel direction, or press and fix the two pipe-shape jointing objects on the axis direction. Control the thermodynamic cycles of the welding process through three steps in vacuum and use caustics method to scan the welding line for some times and warm up step by step. After the warm-up, carry the welding at once and after the welding, take caustics method to scan the welding line for some times and heat step by step. The welding control method is easy without adding equipment or filling transition stuff and is for some tie-in connecting form.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to TiAl and Ti
3The Al electron beam welding method for dissimilar materials belongs to intermetallic compound jointing field.
Background technology
At present an emphasis aspect engine research is to adopt new material to substitute traditional Ti alloy and Ni based high-temperature alloy, with the thrust-weight ratio that increases engine and improve the high temperature serviceability.TiAl intermetallic compound density is low, the elastic modelling quantity height, and have good high-temperature intensity, creep resistant and oxidation resistance, TiAl intermetallic compound serviceability temperature can be brought up to 750 ℃~950 ℃ than traditional high temperature alloy, and density only is the Ni based high-temperature alloy half, be a kind of very promising high-temperature structural material, can be applicable to the high-temperature component of automobile or aero-engine, as blade, the turbine disk, the gentle family of power and influence of jet pipe etc.For in engineering reality, using the TiAl intermetallic compound, must successfully develop its interconnection technique, result of study shows both at home and abroad, solid-state connection such as soldering, diffusion welding (DW), friction welding (FW) etc. are considered to comparatively effectively interconnection technique, but often be subjected to the restriction of type of attachment and serviceability temperature, and adopt lap joint to make the Welding Structure complexity morely, be difficult to realize lightweight.Therefore be necessary the melting welding of TiAl intermetallic compound is furtherd investigate the especially exploitation of high-power electron beam solder technology under the vacuum condition.From the whole employing of cost and reliability aspect TiAl intermetallic compound is unpractical, and it is often used for significant points, thereby the foreign material connection plays a significant role inevitably.But the distinct issues of TiAl intermetallic compound are that the slip system of γ-TiAl own is less, dislocation motion and propagation difficulty, and temperature-room type plasticity is low and deformability is poor.Rapid thermal cycles during electron beam welding makes the variation of organizing of joint, and causes bigger thermic stress easily, thereby very easily forms cold crack.And Ti
3The electron beam welding of Al intermetallic compound is good, and the joint flawless produces during himself electron beam welding, but TiAl/Ti
3Joint TiAl one side still cracks during the electron beam welding of Al foreign material, and the rational method that addresses this problem does not both at home and abroad at present appear in the newspapers as yet.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve TiAl/Ti
3The electron beam welding of Al foreign material is easy to generate macroscopical cold crack problem.
TiAl/Ti
3Al foreign material electron beam welding thermal cycle composite control method, its welding object is two plate objects that thickness is 0.8mm~5.0mm, concrete steps are:
Step 1, will remove the TiAl and the Ti of internal stress, the smooth cleaning of surface to be welded
3Al sheet material is fixed a thermal insulation board respectively before fixing with anchor clamps between welding machine clamp base and each welding object;
Step 2, welding object implement is clamped, described anchor clamps only apply clamping force in the welding object direction parallel with weld seam;
Step 3,5 * 10
-2Pa to 5 * 10
-4Under the atmospheric pressure of Pa, employing defocuses butt welded seam and peripheral part carries out the shuttle-scanning preheating, and accelerating potential is 50kV~55kV, and focus current 3370mA, line are 2mA~12mA, and sweep speed is 2mm/s~10mm/s;
Step 4, step 3 are welded after finishing immediately, and accelerating potential is identical with step 3, and focus current is 2590mA, and line is 3mA~50mA, and speed of welding is 2mm/s~15mm/s;
After step 5, step 4 were finished, employing immediately defocused butt welded seam and carries out after heat, and accelerating potential is identical with step 3, and focus current is 3370mA, and line is 12mA~1mA, and sweep speed is 2mm/s~20mm/s.
TiAl/Ti
3To be that two endwalls are thick be the TiAl of 0.8mm~3.5mm and Ti for Al foreign material electron beam welding thermal cycle composite control method, its welding object
3Al tubing, the weld seam of welding are circular weld, and concrete steps are:
Step 1, will remove the TiAl and the Ti of internal stress, the smooth cleaning of surface to be welded
3Al tubing is fixed with anchor clamps, fixes a thermal insulation board respectively before clamping between anchor clamps and each welding object;
Step 2, welding object implement is clamped, described anchor clamps are only axially adopting the mode that clamps to welding object, and do not apply contained in other directions;
Step 3,5 * 10
-2Pa to 5 * 10
-4Under the atmospheric pressure of Pa, adopt to defocus and treat welding line and adjacent regions is carried out the multiple scanning preheating, accelerating potential is 50kV~55kV, and focus current 3350mA, line are 2mA~10mA, and sweep speed is 2mm/s~8mm/s.
Step 4, step 3 are welded after finishing immediately, and accelerating potential is identical with step 3, and focus current is 2590mA, and line is 2mA~32mA, and speed of welding is 2mm/s~10mm/s;
After step 5, step 4 were finished, the weld seam that welding is finished carried out after heat immediately, and employing defocuses butt welded seam and carries out multiple scanning, accelerating potential is identical with step 3, focus current is 3350mA, and line is between 10mA~2mA, and sweep speed is 2mm/s~12mm/s.
The composition of the TiAl intermetallic compound of described two welding objects comprises: Ti:48~65at.%, Al:35~51at.% can also comprise V:1.0~9.0at.% or Cr:1.5~2.5at.% or Nb:1.5~5.0at.%, described Ti
3The composition of Al intermetallic compound comprises: Ti:60~70at.%, Al:22~39at.% can also comprise Nb:8~17at.% or V:1.0~5.0at.% or Mo:1.0~3.0at.% or Ta:1.0~3.0at.%.
TiAl/Ti of the present invention
3Al foreign material electron beam welding thermal cycle composite control method does not need to increase special installation or adds the transition zone metal, just can avoid weld seam to produce macroscopic cracking fully, reaches the purpose of flawless welding, is applicable to TiAl/Ti
3The welding of Al foreign material various terminal.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: TiAl/Ti
3Al foreign material electron beam welding thermal cycle composite control method, its welding object is two plate objects that thickness is 0.8mm~5.0mm, concrete steps are:
Step 1, will remove the TiAl and the Ti of internal stress, the smooth cleaning of surface to be welded
3Al sheet material is fixed a thermal insulation board respectively before fixing with anchor clamps between welding machine clamp base and each welding object;
Step 2, welding object implement is clamped, described anchor clamps only apply clamping force in the welding object direction parallel with weld seam;
Step 3,5 * 10
-2Pa to 5 * 10
-4Under the atmospheric pressure of Pa, employing defocuses butt welded seam and carries out shuttle-scanning, classification preheating, each grade adopts the line that increases progressively successively from small to large among 2mA~12mA to scan the other end from an end of weld seam respectively, accelerating potential is 50kV~55kV, focus current 3370mA, sweep speed is 2mm/s~10mm/s;
Step 4, step 3 are welded after finishing immediately, and accelerating potential is identical with step 3, and focus current is 2590mA, and line is 3mA~50mA, and speed of welding is 2mm/s~15mm/s;
After step 5, step 4 are finished, employing immediately defocuses butt welded seam and carries out the classification after heat, each grade adopts the line that successively decreases successively from big to small among 12mA~1mA to scan the other end from an end of weld seam respectively, accelerating potential is identical with step 3, focus current is 3370mA, and sweep speed is 2mm/s~20mm/s.
The composition of the described TiAl intermetallic compound of present embodiment comprises: Ti:48~65at.%, Al:35~51at.% can also comprise V:1.0~9.0at.% or Cr:1.5~2.5at.% or Nb:1.5~5.0at.%, described Ti
3The composition of Al intermetallic compound comprises: Ti:60~70at.%, Al:22~39at.% can also comprise Nb:8~17at.% or V:1.0~5.0at.% or Mo:1.0~3.0at.% or Ta:1.0~3.0at.%.
In the step 1 of present embodiment, between welding object and clamp base, increased thermal insulation board,, can effectively reduce the cooling velocity of postwelding joint in order to the conduction of the heat between restriction welding object and the anchor clamps.
In the step 2 of present embodiment, employing clamps the clamping force that welding object only applies with the weld seam parallel direction, in order to of the thermal expansion of constraint thermal cycle heating period welding object along bead direction, reduce the thermic stress that welding object produces at the thermal cycle cooling stage, and do not apply contained in other directions, avoid the thermal cycle cooling stage to produce bigger constraint stress effectively, the generation that prevents macroscopic cracking is had certain effect.
Present embodiment is from step 3 to five, the thermal cycle that divides three phases programming continuous control whole welding process, wherein adopt the classification preheating in the warm of step 3, increase line step by step, can make that the temperature at position rises gradually around the weld seam, after the step 5 after welding in the thermal process, employing classification after heat, the line that successively decreases step by step can make weld seam after the welding and temperature on every side thereof descend gradually.Take these methods can improve the joint microstructure structure, prolong the stress release time, can obtain not have the electron beam welding joint of macroscopical cold crack.
The specific embodiment two: the thickness of the welding object of present embodiment is 2.0mm~3.0mm, and the difference of the welding method and the specific embodiment one is,
In the warm of step 3, adopt the level Four preheating, every grade of line that adopts 2mA, 4mA, 6mA and 8mA respectively scans the other end from an end of weld seam;
In step 4, adopt the line of 16mA~32mA, the speed of welding of 5mm/s~10mm/s to weld;
In the back thermal process of step 5, adopt the level Four after heat, every grade of line that adopts 8mA, 6mA, 4mA, 2mA respectively scans the other end from an end of weld seam.
The specific embodiment three: the difference of the present embodiment and the specific embodiment one is that the thickness of institute's welding object is 0.8mm~2.0mm, and the difference of the welding method and the specific embodiment one is,
In the warm of step 3, adopt the two-stage preheating, every grade of line that adopts 2mA respectively scans the other end from an end of weld seam;
In step 4, adopt the line of 2mA~8mA, the speed of welding of 5mm/s~15mm/s that the welding position is welded;
In the back thermal process of step 5, adopt the level Four after heat, every grade of line that adopts 4mA, 4mA, 2mA, 2mA respectively scans the other end from an end of weld seam.
The specific embodiment four: the difference of the present embodiment and the specific embodiment one is that the thickness of institute's welding object is 3.0mm~5.0mm, and the difference of the welding method and the specific embodiment one is,
In the warm of step 3, adopt six grades of preheatings, every grade of line that adopts 2mA, 4mA, 6mA, 8mA, 9mA, 10mA respectively scans the other end from an end of weld seam;
In step 4, adopt the line of 24mA~50mA that the welding position is welded, speed of welding is 2mm/s~10mm/s;
In the back thermal process of step 5, adopt six grades of after heat, every grade of line that adopts 10mA, 9mA, 8mA, 6mA, 4mA, 2mA respectively scans the other end from an end of weld seam.
The specific embodiment five: the material composition of the heat insulation backing plate described in the specific embodiment one described step 1 is silica and silicate.
The good heat-insulation effect of the heat insulation backing plate of present embodiment, can prevent effectively that the heat that produces owing to welding on the soldered object is transmitted on the welding machine clamp base, reduced the loss of energy on the one hand, also prevented on the other hand because the heat of welding machine clamp base causes the joint cooling velocity to increase.
The specific embodiment six: the difference of the present embodiment and the specific embodiment one to five is, after step 5 is finished, carries out the technology of step 6, stress relief annealing, and welding object is heated to 900 ℃, and insulation 10h cools off with stove then.
The specific embodiment seven: TiAl/Ti
3To be that two endwalls are thick be the TiAl of 0.8mm~3.5mm and Ti for Al foreign material electron beam welding thermal cycle composite control method, its welding object
3Al tubing, the weld seam of welding are circular weld, and concrete steps are:
Step 1, will remove internal stress, the smooth cleaning of surface to be welded two welding objects with anchor clamps fixing before, fixing thermal insulation board between anchor clamps and welding object;
Step 2, welding object implement is clamped, described anchor clamps adopt the mode that axially clamps to welding object;
Step 3,5 * 10
-2Pa to 5 * 10
-4Under the atmospheric pressure of Pa, adopt to defocus place to be welded is carried out multiple scanning, classification preheating, each grade adopts the line that increases progressively successively from small to large among 2mA~10mA around the circular weld run-down respectively; Accelerating potential is 50kV~55kV, focus current 3350mA, and sweep speed is 2mm/s~8mm/s;
Step 4, step 3 are welded after finishing immediately, and accelerating potential is identical with step 3, and focus current is 2590mA, and line is 2mA~32mA, and speed of welding is 2mm/s~10mm/s;
After step 5, step 4 are finished, the weld seam that welding is finished adopts to defocus and carries out the classification after heat immediately, each grade adopts the line that successively decreases successively from big to small among 10mA~2mA around the circular weld run-down respectively, accelerating potential is identical with step 3, focus current is 3350mA, and sweep speed is 2mm/s~12mm/s.
The composition of the described TiAl intermetallic compound of present embodiment comprises: Ti:48~65at.%, Al:35~51at.% can also comprise V:1.0~9.0at.% or Cr:1.5~2.5at.% or Nb:1.5~5.0at.%, described Ti
3The composition of Al intermetallic compound comprises: Ti:60~70at.%, Al:22~39at.% can also comprise Nb:8~17at.% or V:1.0~5.0at.% or Mo:1.0~3.0at.% or Ta:1.0~3.0at.%.
In the step 1 of present embodiment, fixing thermal insulation board between anchor clamps and welding object in order to the conduction of the heat between restriction welding object and the anchor clamps, reduces the cooling velocity of postwelding joint.
In the step 2 of present embodiment, only step up power, avoided the thermal cycle cooling stage to produce bigger constraint stress axially applying of welding object.
Present embodiment is from the thermal cycle of step 3 to five minute three phases programming continuous control whole welding process, make weld seam and temperature on every side thereof remain the state of slow transition, prevented from effectively to produce the situation of macroscopic cracking on every side owing to temperature jump causes weld seam.
The specific embodiment eight: the pipe thickness of the welding object of present embodiment is 0.8mm~1.5mm, is with the difference of the specific embodiment seven described methods,
In the warm of step 3, adopt the secondary preheating, every grade of line that all adopts 2mA is around the circular weld run-down;
In step 4, adopt the line of 2mA~8mA to weld;
In the back thermal process of step 5, adopt the level Four after heat, every grade of line that adopts 4mA, 2mA, 2mA, 2mA respectively is around the circular weld run-down.
The specific embodiment nine: the pipe thickness of the welding object of present embodiment is 2.0mm~3.5mm, is with the difference of the specific embodiment seven described methods,
In the warm of step 3, adopt the level Four preheating, every grade of line that all adopts 2mA, 2mA, 4mA, 6mA is around the circular weld run-down;
In step 4, adopt the line of 10mA~32mA to weld;
In the back thermal process of step 5, adopt six grades of after heat, every grade of line that adopts 6mA, 5mA, 4mA, 3mA, 2mA, 2mA respectively is around the circular weld run-down.
The specific embodiment ten: in the specific embodiment seven to nine, after step 5, increase step 6, stress relief annealing technology, welding object is heated to 900 ℃, insulation 10h cools off with stove then.
Claims (8)
1, TiAl/Ti
3Al foreign material electron beam welding thermal cycle composite control method, its welding object is two plate objects that thickness is 0.8mm~5.0mm, it is characterized in that concrete steps are:
Step 1, will remove the TiAl and the Ti of internal stress, the smooth cleaning of surface to be welded
3Al sheet material is fixed a thermal insulation board respectively before fixing with anchor clamps between welding machine clamp base and each welding object;
Step 2, welding object implement is clamped, described anchor clamps only apply clamping force in the welding object direction parallel with weld seam;
Step 3,5 * 10
-2Pa to 5 * 10
-4Under the atmospheric pressure of Pa, employing defocuses carries out shuttle-scanning, classification preheating to place to be welded, each grade adopts the line that increases progressively successively from small to large among 2mA~12mA to scan the other end from an end of weld seam respectively, accelerating potential is 50kV~55kV, focus current 3370mA, sweep speed is 2mm/s~10mm/s;
Step 4, step 3 are welded after finishing immediately, and accelerating potential is identical with step 3, and focus current is 2590mA, and line is 3mA~50mA, and speed of welding is 2mm/s~15mm/s;
After step 5, step 4 are finished, employing immediately defocuses butt welded seam and carries out the classification after heat, each grade adopts the line that successively decreases successively from big to small among 12mA~1mA to scan the other end from an end of weld seam respectively, accelerating potential is identical with step 3, focus current is 3370mA, and sweep speed is 2mm/s~20mm/s;
The composition of described TiAl intermetallic compound comprises: Ti:48~65at.%, Al:35~51at.% can also comprise V:1.0~9.0at.% or Cr:1.5~2.5at.% or Nb:1.5~5.0at.%, described Ti
3The composition of Al intermetallic compound comprises: Ti:60~70at.%, Al:22~39at.% can also comprise Nb:8~17at.% or V:1.0~5.0at.% or Mo:1.0~3.0at.% or Ta:1.0~3.0at.%.
2, TiAl/Ti according to claim 1
3Al foreign material electron beam welding thermal cycle composite control method, the material composition that it is characterized in that described heat insulation backing plate is silica and silicate.
3, TiAl/Ti according to claim 1
3Al foreign material electron beam welding thermal cycle composite control method, the thickness that it is characterized in that welding object is 2.0mm~3.0mm, welding method is:
In the warm of step 3, adopt the level Four preheating, every grade of line that adopts 2mA, 4mA, 6mA and 8mA respectively scans the other end from an end of weld seam;
In step 4, adopt the line of 16mA~32mA, the speed of welding of 5mm/s~10mm/s to weld;
In the back thermal process of step 5, adopt the level Four after heat, every grade of line that adopts 8mA, 6mA, 4mA, 2mA respectively scans the other end from an end of weld seam.
4, TiAl/Ti according to claim 1
3Al foreign material electron beam welding thermal cycle composite control method, the thickness that it is characterized in that institute's welding object is 0.8mm~2.0mm, welding method is:
In the warm of step 3, adopt the two-stage preheating, every grade of line that adopts 2mA respectively scans the other end from an end of weld seam;
In step 4, adopt the line of 2mA~8mA, the speed of welding of 5mm/s~15mm/s that the welding position is welded;
In the back thermal process of step 5, adopt the level Four after heat, every grade of line that adopts 4mA, 4mA, 2mA, 2mA respectively scans the other end from an end of weld seam.
5, TiAl/Ti according to claim 1
3Al foreign material electron beam welding thermal cycle composite control method, the thickness that it is characterized in that institute's welding object is 3.0mm~5.0mm, welding method is:
In the warm of step 3, adopt six grades of preheatings, every grade of line that adopts 2mA, 4mA, 6mA, 8mA, 9mA, 10mA respectively scans the other end from an end of weld seam;
In step 4, adopt the line of 24mA~50mA that the welding position is welded, speed of welding is 2mm/s~10mm/s;
In the back thermal process of step 5, adopt six grades of after heat, every grade of line that adopts 10mA, 9mA, 8mA, 6mA, 4mA, 2mA respectively scans the other end from an end of weld seam.
6, TiAl/Ti
3To be that two endwalls are thick be the TiAl of 0.8mm~3.5mm and Ti for Al foreign material electron beam welding thermal cycle composite control method, its welding object
3Al tubing, the weld seam of welding is a circular weld, it is characterized in that concrete steps are:
Step 1, will remove internal stress, the smooth cleaning of surface to be welded two welding objects with anchor clamps fixing before, fixing thermal insulation board between anchor clamps and welding object;
Step 2, welding object implement is clamped, described anchor clamps adopt the mode that axially clamps to welding object;
Step 3,5 * 10
-2Pa to 5 * 10
-4Under the atmospheric pressure of Pa, adopt to defocus place to be welded is carried out multiple scanning, classification preheating, each grade adopts the line that increases progressively successively from small to large among 2mA~10mA around the circular weld run-down respectively; Accelerating potential is 50kV~55kV, focus current 3350mA, and sweep speed is 2mm/s~8mm/s;
Step 4, step 3 are welded after finishing immediately, and accelerating potential is identical with step 3, and focus current is 2590mA, and line is 2mA~32mA, and speed of welding is 2mm/s~10mm/s;
After step 5, step 4 are finished, the weld seam that welding is finished adopts to defocus and carries out the classification after heat immediately, each grade adopts the line that successively decreases successively from big to small among 10mA~2mA around the circular weld run-down respectively, accelerating potential is identical with step 3, focus current is 3350mA, sweep speed is 2mm/s~12mm/s
The composition of described TiAl intermetallic compound comprises: Ti:48~65at.%, Al:35~51at.% can also comprise V:1.0~9.0at.% or Cr:1.5~2.5at.% or Nb:1.5~5.0at.%, described Ti
3The composition of Al intermetallic compound comprises: Ti:60~70at.%, Al:22~39at.% can also comprise Nb:8~17at.% or V:1.0~5.0at.% or Mo:1.0~3.0at.% or Ta:1.0~3.0at.%.
7, TiAl/Ti according to claim 6
3Al foreign material electron beam welding thermal cycle composite control method, the pipe thickness that it is characterized in that welding object is 0.8mm~1.5mm, concrete welding method is:
In the warm of step 3, adopt the secondary preheating, every grade of line that all adopts 2mA is around the circular weld run-down;
In step 4, adopt the line of 2mA~8mA to weld;
In the back thermal process of step 5, adopt the level Four after heat, every grade of line that adopts 4mA, 2mA, 2mA, 2mA respectively is around the circular weld run-down.
8, TiAl/Ti according to claim 6
3Al foreign material electron beam welding thermal cycle composite control method, the pipe thickness that it is characterized in that welding object is 2.0mm~3.5mm,
In the warm of step 3, adopt the level Four preheating, every grade of line that all adopts 2mA, 2mA, 4mA, 6mA is around the circular weld run-down;
In step 4, adopt the line of 10mA~32mA to weld;
In the back thermal process of step 5, adopt six grades of after heat, every grade of line that adopts 6mA, 5mA, 4mA, 3mA, 2mA, 2mA respectively is around the circular weld run-down.
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