CN112548477B - Aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe welding pretreatment method based on laser cleaning technology - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe welding pretreatment method based on laser cleaning technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN112548477B CN112548477B CN202010717392.9A CN202010717392A CN112548477B CN 112548477 B CN112548477 B CN 112548477B CN 202010717392 A CN202010717392 A CN 202010717392A CN 112548477 B CN112548477 B CN 112548477B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
- B23K37/053—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work aligning cylindrical work; Clamping devices therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/0035—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like
- B08B7/0042—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like by laser
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/02—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/06—Tubes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser cleaning technology-based aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe welding pretreatment method, which comprises welding base material pretreatment, milling a welding groove before forming an aluminum alloy plate strip, carrying out laser cleaning and preheating treatment before welding, carrying out laser cleaning and preheating treatment on the edge of the aluminum alloy plate strip subjected to pretreatment by using pulse laser generated by a laser before welding, wherein the pulse laser is used at a part to be welded before a welding gun, the output end of the laser is vertical to the surface of the welding groove, cleaning an oxide layer and oil stains on the surface of the welding groove, and simultaneously realizing the preheating of the aluminum alloy plate strip. The invention can realize the surface pretreatment work before and after welding, such as preheating of the aluminum alloy substrate, cleaning of welding seams after welding and the like of the aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and the welded aluminum alloy shell has the characteristics of high durability and good sealing performance, thereby ensuring the stability of product quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy welding, in particular to a laser cleaning technology-based welding pretreatment method for an aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe.
Background
The aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe is produced by using aluminum alloy coiled plate as material and through aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe production line, rolling the aluminum alloy coiled plate into pipe blank in certain spiral angle and seam welding the pipe blank to form the aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe product. Compared with the aluminum alloy straight welded pipe, the aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe can be produced continuously and efficiently. But air holes are easily generated at the welding seam of the aluminum alloy, and the welding quality is influenced once the welding condition is not well controlled, and the influence is particularly obvious on the continuously produced aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe. Particularly, under the high-temperature and high-humidity environment, the surface water content of the welding material is high, in the welding process, the water is decomposed to generate hydrogen and is dissolved in an aluminum alloy molten pool, and when the molten pool is solidified, the hydrogen cannot effectively overflow and is gathered in a welding line to finally form air holes to influence the quality of the welding line. Most of the existing control methods are to dry the base material in advance and then weld the base material within several hours, but when welding is carried out in summer or in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, the existing control methods cannot effectively control the water content of the surface layer of the base material, and a large number of air holes still appear in a welding seam to influence the product quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a laser cleaning technology-based welding pretreatment method for an aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe, which aims to make up for the defects of the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a welding pretreatment method of an aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe based on a laser cleaning technology comprises the following steps:
s100, preprocessing a welding base material, before forming an aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe, shearing edges of the aluminum alloy plate before forming, milling a welding groove by using an edge milling machine, removing burrs of the edges of the repaired plate, and forming a pipe blank;
s200, performing laser cleaning and preheating treatment before welding, performing laser cleaning and preheating treatment on the edge of the aluminum alloy plate strip subjected to the pretreatment by using pulse laser generated by a laser before welding, wherein the pulse laser acts on a to-be-welded part in front of a welding gun, the output power of the laser is 200-1000W, the output wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse frequency is 5-30kHz, the distance from the output end of the laser to a welding base material is 100-250 mm, the single pulse energy of the pulse laser is 10-60mJ, and the output end of the laser is perpendicular to the surface of a welding groove, so that a laser beam is perpendicular to the surface of the welding groove to be welded, cleaning an oxide layer and oil stains on the surface of the welding groove, and simultaneously realizing the cleaning and preheating of the aluminum alloy plate strip.
The pulse laser acts on the position 10-200mm in front of the welding gun.
The laser output by the laser is pulse line laser, and the working line width is adjustable within the range of 5mm-100 mm.
The laser is a laser diode pumping pulse solid laser.
The output end of the laser comprises a laser cleaning module I and a laser cleaning module II which are integrated with a welding gun of the spiral welded pipe forming machine; the laser cleaning module I and the laser cleaning module II are located in front of the welding gun.
The pulse laser acts on the position 10mm-15mm in front of the welding gun.
The power of the laser is 500W, the pulse frequency is 10kHz, the single pulse energy is 50mJ, and the working line width is 15mm.
The power of the laser is 500W, the pulse frequency is 15kHz, the single pulse energy is 33mJ, and the working line width is 15mm.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1) The method can realize the pretreatment of the surfaces before and after welding, such as preheating of the aluminum alloy substrate, cleaning of the welding seam after welding and the like of the aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and the welded aluminum alloy shell has the characteristics of high durability and good sealing performance, thereby ensuring the stability of the product quality.
2) The aluminum alloy is subjected to laser cleaning before welding, and the base material is subjected to preheating treatment, so that the temperature of the base material reaches 50-300 ℃, the weldability of the material is obviously improved, and the welding porosity is reduced; the temperature difference of the welding joint area can be reduced in the process of heating and keeping a certain temperature, so that the hardening tendency of a heat affected zone is weakened; the hydrogen can escape in the welding process, the hydrogen content in the welding seam is reduced, cold cracks are prevented, and the plasticity and the toughness of the welding joint are improved.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the relative relationship between a laser cleaning module and an aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the relative relationship between the laser cleaning module and the welding torch according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a state diagram of the implementation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated in the "longitudinal direction", "transverse direction", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. in the present invention are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be configured and operated in a specific direction, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The technical scheme of the invention is clearly and completely described below by combining the attached drawings.
The invention provides a laser cleaning technology-based welding pretreatment method for an aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe, which comprises the following steps of:
firstly, preprocessing a base material before welding, shearing edges of an aluminum alloy plate strip before forming, milling a welding groove by using an edge milling machine, removing burrs of plate edges, and forming a tube blank;
and then carrying out laser cleaning and preheating treatment on the welding groove before welding, and carrying out pretreatment on the welding groove by a laser to remove an oxide film and realize preheating of the base material.
The laser is a high-power high-energy laser diode pump pulse solid laser, and other types of lasers such as a fiber laser and the like can be selected; the output power of the laser is 200-1000W, the output wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse frequency is 5-30kHz and can be adjusted, and the maximum single pulse energy can reach 10-60mJ; the laser output by the laser is pulse line laser, and the working line width is adjustable within the range of 5mm-100 mm.
As shown in the attached drawings 1 and 2, the output end of the laser comprises a laser cleaning module I and a laser cleaning module II which are integrated with a welding gun of a spiral welded pipe forming machine, and the two laser cleaning modules are positioned in front of the welding gun, so that the two laser cleaning modules firstly pretreat a welding groove of an aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe during welding; specifically, the laser cleaning module I and the laser cleaning module II are positioned in front of the welding gun, so that laser acts on the position 10-200mm, preferably 10-15 mm, on the front side of the welding gun, and the distance between the laser cleaning module I and the laser cleaning module II is 100-250 mm from a welding groove, and laser cleaning, preheating and welding are carried out simultaneously.
In aluminum alloy welding, pores are very easily generated in a welding joint, and hydrogen is a main cause of the pores generated in aluminum and aluminum alloy welding. The hydrogen mainly comes from moisture in the arc column atmosphere and moisture absorbed by welding materials and base metals, wherein the moisture absorbed by the surface oxide films of the welding wires and the base metals is an important reason for the occurrence of weld pores. The liquid molten pool of the aluminum alloy is easy to form air holes, the aluminum alloy can contain more hydrogen in a liquid state, the solubility is rapidly reduced when the aluminum alloy is condensed from the liquid state, and if the hydrogen cannot overflow, the hydrogen is gathered in the welding line to form the air holes. In order to avoid the generation of blowholes and obtain an excellent weld joint, the water content of the weld material must be strictly controlled before welding, particularly in summer, humid, etc., environments.
The method combines laser cleaning with pre-welding preheating of the base material, utilizes short pulse laser emitted by a laser to clean a welding groove of the aluminum alloy plate strip and oxide films and oil stains on the surfaces of two sides of the welding groove, and simultaneously utilizes the laser to preheat the pre-welding base material groove and the surfaces of the two sides of the welding groove, so that the surface temperature of the aluminum alloy base material can reach 50-300 ℃, and the stability of the base material in the welding process and the quality of a welding seam are ensured. Specifically, the laser beams emitted by the laser cleaning module I and the laser cleaning module II are perpendicular to the surface of the welding groove to be welded, the pulse duration is short, generally in the order of nanoseconds or even femtoseconds, the action time of the laser beams is short, and the surface coating layers such as oil stains, oxidation layers or moisture can instantly absorb focused laser energy, so that the oil stains, the oxidation layers or the moisture on the welding surface are instantly evaporated or stripped, and surface attachments or the surface coating layers are effectively removed. Meanwhile, high-energy short pulse laser generated by the laser cleaning module can generate a large thermal gradient and a high heating speed, and preheat the groove of the base material and the surfaces of the two sides of the groove before welding to enable the temperature of the base material to reach 50-300 ℃, so that the temperature difference of a welding joint area can be reduced, the hardening tendency of a heat affected zone is weakened, the surface of the welding base material can be fully dried, hydrogen can escape in the welding process, the hydrogen content in a welding joint is reduced, cold cracks are prevented from being generated, and the plasticity and the toughness of the welding joint are improved.
Example 1
The ambient temperature is 32 ℃, and when the ambient humidity is 65%, the forming speed of the aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe is 2mm/s, the laser cleaning module is positioned at the position 50mm away from the front side of the welding gun, and the distance from the output end of the laser to the base material is 150mm. The power of a laser is 500W, the pulse frequency of the laser is 10kHz, the diameter of a light spot is 1mm, the maximum single pulse energy is 50mJ, the working linewidth of the laser at the final output end is 15mm, and through determination, compared with the traditional method, the porosity defect rate at a welding seam is reduced by 99%.
Example 2
The ambient temperature is 32 ℃, the ambient humidity is 50%, the forming speed of the aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe is 2mm/s, the laser cleaning module is positioned at the position 50mm away from the front side of the welding gun, and the distance from the output end of the laser to the base material is 150mm. The power of a laser is 500W, the pulse frequency of the laser is 15kHz, the diameter of a light spot is 1mm, the maximum single pulse energy is 33mJ, the working line width of the laser at the final output end is 15mm, and through determination, compared with the traditional method, the defect rate of air holes at a welding seam is reduced by 95%.
Example 3
The ambient temperature is 35 ℃, and when the ambient humidity is 70%, the forming speed of the aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe is 2mm/s, the laser cleaning module is positioned at the position 50mm away from the front side of the welding gun, and the distance from the output end of the laser to the base material is 150mm. The power of the laser is 500W, the pulse frequency is 15kHz, the diameter of a light spot is 1mm, the maximum single pulse energy is 33mJ, the laser working line width of the final output end is 15mm, and through determination, compared with the traditional method, the porosity defect rate of a welding seam is reduced by 92%.
Example 4
The ambient temperature is 30 ℃, and when the ambient humidity is 60%, the forming speed of the aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe is 2mm/s, the laser cleaning module is positioned at the position 50mm away from the front side of the welding gun, and the distance from the output end of the laser to the base material is 150mm. The power of the laser is 200W, the pulse frequency is 15kHz, the diameter of a light spot is 1mm, the maximum single pulse energy is 13mJ, and the laser working line width of the final output end is 15mm. Through determination, compared with the traditional method, the defect rate of the pores at the welding seam is reduced by 87%.
Example 5
The ambient temperature is 25 ℃, and when the ambient humidity is 60%, the forming speed of the aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe is 2mm/s, the laser cleaning module is positioned at the position 50mm away from the front side of the welding gun, and the distance from the output end of the laser to the base material is 150mm. The power of the laser is 200W, the pulse frequency is 12kHz, the diameter of a light spot is 1mm, the maximum single pulse energy is 16mJ, and the laser working line width of the final output end is 15mm. Through determination, compared with the traditional method, the air hole defect rate at the welding seam is reduced by 80%.
Example 6
The ambient temperature is 30 ℃, and when the ambient humidity is 60%, the forming speed of the aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe is 2mm/s, the laser cleaning module is positioned at the position 50mm away from the front side of the welding gun, and the distance from the output end of the laser to the base material is 150mm. The power of the laser is 200W, the pulse frequency is 10kHz, the diameter of a light spot is 1mm, the maximum single pulse energy is 20mJ, and the laser working line width of the final output end is 15mm. Through determination, compared with the traditional method, the porosity defect rate of the welding seam is reduced by 84%.
The embodiment only provides the working condition of the laser under the condition of partial parameters, the work rate of the laser is adjustable within the range of 100-2000W, the pulse frequency is adjustable within the range of 5-30kHz, the maximum single pulse energy is adjustable within the range of 10-60mJ, the working line width of the laser is adjustable within the range of 5mm-100mm, the larger the power of the laser is, the better the cleaning effect is, and the larger the frequency is, the better the thermal effect is. When the laser is used, the power, the pulse frequency, the cleaning speed and other parameters of the laser are comprehensively tested to determine the optimal values according to the conditions of the environment temperature, the environment humidity, the laser power, the field environment and the like.
The several embodiments described above are only a few embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The method is not limited to the spiral welding forming processing of the aluminum alloy, and can be suitable for the welding seam cleaning, the welding forming and the welding seam work after welding in the forming and welding process of materials such as stainless steel, alloy steel and the like, the welding quality is improved, and the method is suitable for the high-quality welding work of the aluminum alloy pressure vessels such as aluminum alloy tank bodies, aluminum alloy special vehicles and the like; based on the laser cleaning welding device in the method, an industrial camera, a welding seam tracking device and a laser crisis sensor can be integrated, and the work of distance measurement, quality detection, dynamic adjustment and the like in the welding process is realized.
Claims (7)
1. A welding pretreatment method of an aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe based on a laser cleaning technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100, preprocessing a welding base material, before forming an aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe, shearing edges of the aluminum alloy plate before forming, milling a welding groove by using an edge milling machine, removing burrs on edges of the plate, and forming a pipe blank;
s200, performing laser cleaning and preheating treatment before welding, wherein the edges of the aluminum alloy plate strip subjected to the laser cleaning and preheating treatment are performed by using pulse laser generated by a laser before welding, the pulse laser acts on a to-be-welded part in front of a welding gun, the output power of the laser is 200-1000W, the output wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse frequency is 5-30kHz, the distance from the output end of the laser to a welding base material is 100-250 mm, the single pulse energy of the pulse laser is 10-60mJ, the output end of the laser is perpendicular to the surface of a welding groove, so that the laser beam is perpendicular to the surface of the to-be-welded groove, an oxide layer and oil stains on the surface of the welding groove are cleaned, and meanwhile, the aluminum alloy plate strip is preheated, and the surface temperature of the aluminum alloy base material reaches 50-300 ℃;
the laser is a laser diode pumping pulse solid laser.
2. The aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe welding pretreatment method based on the laser cleaning technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the pulse laser acts on the position 10-200mm in front of the welding gun.
3. The aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe welding pretreatment method based on the laser cleaning technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the laser output by the laser is pulse line laser, and the working line width is adjustable within the range of 5mm-100 mm.
4. The aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe welding pretreatment method based on the laser cleaning technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the output end of the laser comprises a laser cleaning module I and a laser cleaning module II which are integrated with a welding gun of the spiral welded pipe forming machine; the laser cleaning module I and the laser cleaning module II are located in front of the welding gun.
5. The aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe welding pretreatment method based on the laser cleaning technology as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the pulse laser acts on the position 10mm-15mm in front of the welding gun.
6. The aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe welding pretreatment method based on the laser cleaning technology as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the power of the laser is 500W, the pulse frequency is 10kHz, the single pulse energy is 50mJ, and the working line width is 15mm.
7. The aluminum alloy spiral welded pipe welding pretreatment method based on the laser cleaning technology as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the power of the laser is 500W, the pulse frequency is 15kHz, the single pulse energy is 33mJ, and the working line width is 15mm.
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| CN101332541B (en) * | 2008-08-06 | 2011-09-07 | 中国航空工业第一集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | Short burst laser cleaning method of metal surface |
| JP5176801B2 (en) * | 2008-09-10 | 2013-04-03 | パナソニック株式会社 | Composite welding method and composite welding equipment |
| CN101758361B (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2012-05-09 | 华南师范大学 | Method for repairing U-shaped metal thin-wall pipe by applying laser and micro-arc spark composite technology |
| CN101804519B (en) * | 2010-03-18 | 2013-05-29 | 张文武 | Laser processing head |
| CN107931841B (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2020-09-18 | 南京理工大学 | Laser connection method for high-strength metallurgical bonding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal |
| CN109107996A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2019-01-01 | 武汉锐科光纤激光技术股份有限公司 | The method of recombination laser cleaning |
| CN110434502A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-11-12 | 南京中车浦镇城轨车辆有限责任公司 | A kind of 6 line aluminium alloy profile welders and method based on laser cleaning |
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