CN1224492C - High efficiency aluminium base composite material liquid phase vibrating welding method - Google Patents
High efficiency aluminium base composite material liquid phase vibrating welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1224492C CN1224492C CN 03111099 CN03111099A CN1224492C CN 1224492 C CN1224492 C CN 1224492C CN 03111099 CN03111099 CN 03111099 CN 03111099 A CN03111099 A CN 03111099A CN 1224492 C CN1224492 C CN 1224492C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a liquid phase vibration welding method of high-efficiency aluminum base composite materials, which relates to the improvement of a welding method of aluminum base composite materials. The weldments of aluminum base composite materials are clamped on a clamp in a heating furnace, and a zinc-aluminum solder is placed on the welding surface of the aluminum base composite materials. The weldments are heated at a heating temperature of 400 and 500 DEG C, so the solder between the two weldments is melted. 0.2MPa of pre-pressure is applied to the weldments, a vibrating device is started, the vibration amplitude is from 0.01 to 1.5mm, and the vibrating device is stopped after being vibrated for 1 to 5 min. The pressure is increased to the weldments, keeps a constant value, and is from 0.25 to 5MPa, and the weldments are cooled to a room temperature along with the heating furnace after the heat preservation (welding) for 5 to 30 min. The present invention has the advantages of short welding cycle, high efficiency, low cost, reliable joints and low welding temperature, and an oxide film on the surface to be welded on the aluminum base composite materials is endlessly impacted and rubbed by a liquid phase formed by a middle layer through the introduced vibration, and the oxide film is crushed. The method is suitable for welding precise members made of the aluminum base composite materials with large welding surfaces.
Description
Technical field: the present invention relates to the improvement of aluminum matrix composite welding method.
Background technology: since the later stage 1980s, the progress of making a breakthrough property of aluminum matrix composite technology of preparing makes it to step into the road of large-scale production and commercialization development.Yet relatively poor weldability becomes the serious hindrance that this kind material moves towards practicability.By discovering to melting (as TIG weldering, Laser Welding, electron beam welding etc.), Solid-State Welding (as diffusion welding (DW), transient liquid phase weldering etc.) and other certain methods of aluminum matrix composite (as soldering, bonding etc.), a lot of methods still have certain problem at aspects such as high efficiency, practicality, economy, as:
1, melting: melting is that metal material connects one of the most general welding method, but be applied in the middle of the welding of aluminum matrix composite, but be faced with some problems anxious to be solved as described below: (1) physical compatibility problem: solid-state SiC of the part in the liquid molten bath or Al
2O
3Seriously had influence on heat transfer and the mass transport process in the molten bath, make dark pond show as the viscosity height, flow poor, to the sensitiveness height of pore, incomplete fusion and defective such as lack of penetration; The aluminum matrix composite of fusing fills material and is difficult to mix with attaching outward, and dilution rate is low, difficult forming; Simultaneously, the segregation of wild phase has destroyed its original characteristic distributions and joint performance is worsened during liquid metal solidification; In addition, when wild phase and the matrix line coefficient of expansion differ bigger, bigger internal stress can remain in the joint in the heating and cooling process of welding.(2) chemical compatibility issues: the interfacial reaction that some wild phase (as SiC) and matrix Al thermodynamic instability in bigger temperature range, melting welding high temperature are harmful down is inevitable.
2, electric resistance welding: the electric resistance welding controllability is good, and energy height is concentrated, and weld interval is extremely short, and (cooling velocity can reach 10 in cooling fast
6℃/s) cause the joint chilling, generate Al thereby avoided overheated enhancing body that causes of mother metal and matrix to react
4C
3The fragility phase, can effectively prevent interfacial reaction, and also can prevent crackle and air holes by exerting pressure.But the existence of wild phase makes the distribution of electric current line and the complex distributionization of electrode pressure in the aluminum matrix composite, has brought difficulty for the selection of welding parameter and the control of welding quality.And the enhancing body of composite and matrix resistance differs greatly, composite produced superfuse, splash, fiber bonds, broken and generation is empty, strength of joint is subjected to very big influence.
3, soldering: its subject matter is that strength of joint is limited by solder, and intensity is lower.For the aluminum matrix composite welding, adopt method for welding to have following several problem: the oxide-film on (1) aluminum matrix composite surface has a strong impact on welding quality.Because Al
2O
3Fusing point is very high, in welding process, be difficult to the fusing, have a strong impact on solder on mother metal wetting with sprawl, become one of major obstacle of aluminum matrix composite soldering.(2) welding procedure is controlled improper meeting and is caused matrix fusing, and it is poly-that the diffusion region strengthens skew; Residual no wild phase layer can't keep original particular tissues of mother metal and property in the brazing seam structure.This butt joint occasion that can require that has specific characteristics is not suitable for, and keeps good antidamping characteristic and dimensional stability etc. as the need joint.(3) alloy matrix aluminum and wild phase fusing point differ greatly, at brazing temperature lower substrate partial melting, do not melt and strengthen body, cause solder viscous, mobile variation, solder on mother metal wetting with sprawl because the existence of stationary state wild phase is subjected to serious obstruction, add some alloying element, improve brazing temperature and can improve to a certain extent, and the too high burning corrode that easily causes mother metal of temperature is brought very big difficulty to brazing process.
4, friction welding (FW): in the friction welding (FW) process, joint area produces bigger plastic deformation, can cause the serious fracture of fiber, and it is inappropriate therefore welding continuous enhancement mode aluminum matrix composite in this way.Welding point has the local softening phenomenon, and the shape of connected piece is had higher requirement, generally is only applicable to the bar-shaped part of simple shape, makes this kind welding method range of application be subjected to certain restriction.
5, diffusion welding (DW): diffusion welding method is a kind of method of more promising welding of aluminum based composites, but same difficulty when with the diffusion welding (DW) aluminum matrix composite time, having run into diffusion welding (DW) aluminium.There is following subject matter in aluminum matrix composite diffusion welding (DW): there is the oxide-film of one deck densification on (1) aluminum matrix composite surface, and it seriously hinders two diffusion combinations that connect between the surface.With generating immediately after machinery or the soak cleaning, even under high vacuum condition, this layer oxide-film also is difficult to decompose, the influence diffusion.Just need bring up to the connection temperature near the fusing point of aluminium or on linkage interface, impose severe pressure for destroying oxide-film on the combination interface.This inevitably can make connector produce excessive plastic deformation.(2) under the situation that does not adopt the intermediate layer, there is the direct contact phenomena of wild phase-wild phase on the aluminum matrix composite contact-making surface, be difficult to realize that the diffusion between the wild phase connects under the diffusion welding (DW) condition.This position has not only reduced the transmission capacity of load, but also for the germinating and the expansion of crackle provides opportunity, becomes the not high main hidden danger of strength of joint.In addition, this method is longer welding interval, apparatus expensive, and shortcoming such as cost is very high, and the weldment size shape is also very restricted is restricted its extensive use.
6, transient liquid phase weldering: instant liquid-phase diffusion welding is very effective to the oxide-film that destroys the aluminium surface, and has improved the contact condition of wild phase/wild phase in the aluminum matrix composite.This method is existing similar to soldering and diffusion welding (DW), and difference is arranged again, both pressurizes, and intermediate layer (perhaps being called scolder) is arranged again, is a kind of newer welding method.Compare the advantage that it also possesses has with the weldering of soldering and solid-state diffusion: condition of contact lower contact place liquid metals atomic motion is comparatively free, is easy to form stable atomic arrangement on the mother metal surface and solidify; It is low to connect temperature, and the time is short; Tissue and the approaching joint of mother metal are easy to get; The easy realization of technical process etc.Also there is certain deficiency in the transient liquid phase weldering when having more advantage: the poly-partially subject matter that becomes this kind material TLP weldering of (1) wild phase.Domestic and international many scholars have solved this problem by selecting thin middle paper tinsel layer, but in the practical application meaning, efficient is lower, and Project Realization is got up difficult.(2) the transient liquid phase welding temperature has generally also all surpassed 550 ℃, and under this temperature, mother metal has in various degree softening, and this is a challenge to matrices of composite material.
Summary of the invention: the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of aluminum matrix composite liquid phase vibration welding method, it is bad that it should have the aluminum matrix composite of overcoming welding forming, avoid the joint interface adverse reaction, improve joint microstructure, realize the characteristics of the efficient high-quality welding of aluminum matrix composite.The present invention is achieved in that the aluminum matrix composite weldment is installed on the jig in the heating furnace, and on the aluminum matrix composite solder side, place zinc-aluminium solder, the heating weldment, heating-up temperature is between 400-500 ℃, make the middle solder fusing of two weldments, apply precompression 0.2MPa to weldment, the Vibration on Start-up device, amplitude is 0.01-1.5mm, vibration stops behind the 1-5min, and to the weldment intensified pressure and keep steady state value, pressure is 0.25-5MPa, be cooled to room temperature with heating furnace behind insulation (welding) 5-30min, take out weldment.Foregoing zinc-aluminium solder can be sheet, paper tinsel shape, also plating or be sprayed on the weld surface of welded part in advance.The realization of vibration can be adopted low-frequency mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic vibration, and mode of heating adopts the radio-frequency induction coil heating.Advantage of the present invention and the performance indications that reach are: 1, this method can realize the welding of aluminum matrix composite under atmospheric environment or under the inert gas shielding environment, and face of weld need not special cleaning, and welding interval is short; efficiently; cost is low, and joint is reliable, and engineering significance is comparatively desirable.2, welding temperature is low, is generally below 500 ℃, has avoided the softening of composite, and the adverse consequences that the mother metal fusing brings when having overcome melting is not good as being shaped, wild phase segregation, wild phase/matrix adverse reaction etc.3, the vibration of Yin Ruing liquid phase that the intermediate layer is formed is constantly impacted, rub the oxide-film of aluminum matrix composite welding surface, fragmentation oxide-film, solved the problem that is difficult to remove such as oxide-film in soldering, the diffusion welding (DW).4, introduce vibration on the TLP basis, needn't impose severe pressure just can reach desirable throat depth, has avoided that pressure is excessive to cause the workpiece transition to be out of shape, and has shortened the setting time of weld seam, refinement weld grain.5, vibration also makes a part of wild phase (discrete) carry out the transition in the seam organization, forms composite joint, has improved the combination property of joint.6, be fit to welding accurate and big face of weld aluminum matrix composite member.
Performance and index that application this method welding of aluminum based composites can reach are:
(1) connection of crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material:
Joint tensile strength: 〉=80%
Joint coefficient of thermal expansion: 10～18 * 10
-6/ ℃
Percentage elongation: 〉=1.5%
Elastic modelling quantity: 〉=80% mother metal
(2) connection of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material:
Joint tensile strength: 〉=80% (SiCP)
The non-loaded deformation rate of joint constant temperature＜1 * 10
-5/ m
Percentage elongation: 〉=1%
Elastic modelling quantity: 〉=70% mother metal
Description of drawings: Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of aluminum matrix composite liquid phase Vibration Welding, and Fig. 2 is an aluminum matrix composite liquid phase Vibration Welding process schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment one: present embodiment is achieved in that and is installed on the aluminum matrix composite weldment on the jig in the heating furnace and places zinc-aluminium solder on the aluminum matrix composite solder side, the heating weldment, heating-up temperature is between 400-500 ℃, make the middle solder fusing of two weldments, apply precompression 0.2MPa to weldment, the Vibration on Start-up device, amplitude is 0.01-1.5mm, stop vibration behind the vibration 1-5min, to the weldment intensified pressure and keep steady state value, pressure is 0.25-5MPa, is cooled to room temperature with heating furnace behind insulation (welding) 5-30min, takes out weldment.
The specific embodiment two: the heating-up temperature of present embodiment is 400-435 ℃, and amplitude is 0.01-0.1mm, and time of vibration is 1-2min, and pressure is 0.25-1.5MPa, and insulation (welding) time is 5-13min.Other process conditions and processing step are identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment three: the heating-up temperature of present embodiment is 436-470 ℃, and amplitude is 0.2-0.9mm, and time of vibration is 3-4min, and pressure is 1.6-3.0MPa, and insulation (welding) time is 14-22min.Other process conditions and processing step are identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment four: the heating-up temperature of present embodiment is 471-500 ℃, and amplitude is 1.0-1.5mm, and time of vibration is 4.1-5min, and pressure is 3.1-5MPa, and insulation (welding) time is 23-30min.Other process conditions and processing step are identical with the specific embodiment one.
Claims (8)
1, aluminum matrix composite liquid phase vibration welding method, it is characterized in that the aluminum matrix composite weldment is installed on the jig in the heating furnace, and on the aluminum matrix composite solder side, place zinc-aluminium solder, the heating weldment, heating-up temperature is between 400-500 ℃, make the middle solder fusing of two weldments, apply precompression 0.2MPa to weldment, Vibration on Start-up device, amplitude are 0.01-1.5mm, stop behind the vibration 1-5min, to the weldment intensified pressure and keep steady state value, pressure is 0.25-5MPa, is cooled to room temperature with heating furnace behind the insulation 5-30min, takes out weldment.
2, aluminum matrix composite liquid phase vibration welding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that heating-up temperature is 400-435 ℃, and amplitude is 0.01-0.1mm, and time of vibration is 1-2min, and pressure is 0.25-1.5MPa, and temperature retention time is 5-13min.
3, aluminum matrix composite liquid phase vibration welding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that heating-up temperature is 436-470 ℃, and amplitude is 0.2-0.9mm, and time of vibration is 3-4min, and pressure is 1.6-3.0MPa, and temperature retention time is 14-22min.
4, aluminum matrix composite liquid phase vibration welding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that heating-up temperature is 471-500 ℃, and amplitude is 1.0-1.5mm, and time of vibration is 4.1-5min, and pressure is 3.1-5MPa, and temperature retention time is 23-30min.
5, aluminum matrix composite liquid phase vibration welding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that zinc-aluminium solder is sheet or paper tinsel shape.
6, aluminum matrix composite liquid phase vibration welding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that zinc-aluminium solder plating or is sprayed on the weld surface of welded part.
7, aluminum matrix composite liquid phase vibration welding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that realization employing low-frequency mechanical vibrations or the ultrasonic vibration vibrated.
8, aluminum matrix composite liquid phase vibration welding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that mode of heating adopts the radio-frequency induction coil heating.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100363137C (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2008-01-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Filling composite welding flux vibrating liquid phase welding method for non-continuous strengthening aluminium base composite material |
| EP4108370A1 (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2022-12-28 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Joining method and hammer drilling tool |
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| CN1297356C (en) * | 2005-06-17 | 2007-01-31 | 北京交通大学 | Compounding method of steel backed aluminium base composite board |
| CN100408243C (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2008-08-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Aluminum alloy and its composite material non-vacuum semi-solid state vibration-rheological connection method |
| CN102152477A (en) * | 2011-05-24 | 2011-08-17 | 常熟市汽车饰件有限公司 | Friction welding method for automobile coatrack |
| CN103722261A (en) * | 2012-01-09 | 2014-04-16 | 西安交通大学 | Low frequency and amplitude reciprocating friction assisted low-temperature active soft soldering method |
| CN103203510B (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2015-06-17 | 河南科技大学 | Brazing experimental device and method assisted by supersonic vibration and electric fields |
| CN105234555B (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2018-02-09 | 哈尔滨普瑞斯材料科技有限公司 | A kind of ultrasonic assistant transition liquid-phase connection method |
| CN105269105A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-01-27 | 天津理工大学 | High-silicon aluminum alloy welding method for forming particle-reinforced weld joints through thermo-acoustic coupling |
| CN106041768B (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2018-05-25 | 华侨大学 | A kind of method that ultrasonic wave auxiliary activity connection prepares super-hard abrasive particle tool |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100363137C (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2008-01-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Filling composite welding flux vibrating liquid phase welding method for non-continuous strengthening aluminium base composite material |
| EP4108370A1 (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2022-12-28 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Joining method and hammer drilling tool |
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| CN1442267A (en) | 2003-09-17 |
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