CN112894123A - Friction stir welding method for aluminum-copper dissimilar metal - Google Patents
Friction stir welding method for aluminum-copper dissimilar metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN112894123A CN112894123A CN202110128723.XA CN202110128723A CN112894123A CN 112894123 A CN112894123 A CN 112894123A CN 202110128723 A CN202110128723 A CN 202110128723A CN 112894123 A CN112894123 A CN 112894123A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K20/233—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer
- B23K20/2333—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer one layer being aluminium, magnesium or beryllium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction stir welding, and discloses a friction stir welding method for aluminum-copper dissimilar metals. The method comprises the following steps: removing oil on the surfaces of the aluminum plate and the copper plate, removing an oxidation film, cleaning and drying; fixing the aluminum plate and the copper plate, and carrying out static shaft shoulder friction stir welding treatment under the condition that the contact area of the tip of the stirring pin and the aluminum plate is larger than the contact area of the stirring pin and the copper plate and the inclination of the stirring head to obtain welded metal and complete the friction stir welding of the aluminum-copper dissimilar metal. The method can obtain the aluminum-copper dissimilar metal joint with good surface formation and uniform tissue, is favorable for controlling welding heat input, reduces the generation of intermetallic compounds to a certain extent, has stable welding seam quality and improves the performance of the dissimilar metal joint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction stir welding, and particularly relates to a friction stir welding method for aluminum-copper dissimilar metals.
Background
In modern mechanical engineering manufacturing, on the premise of improving the service performance and reliability of structures and equipment, reducing the consumption of metal materials and reducing the weight of the structures as much as possible has become one of the research concerns. Copper and its alloys have excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, good normal and low temperature plasticity and corrosion resistance, and thus have been widely used in the industrial field. However, copper is a scarce resource (the content in the earth crust is only 0.01 percent), the price is high, and a large amount of copper materials need to be imported every year domestically. The aluminum alloy has high specific strength, good reproducibility and excellent conductivity and machining performance, is called as an ideal light-weight high-strength structural material, is widely applied to various fields of national economy and national defense construction, is second to steel in dosage and becomes a second major metal material.
The density of aluminum is only 1/3 for copper, and in some cases aluminum may be used in place of copper, thereby reducing the weight of the structure. However, the resistivity of aluminum is about 60% higher than that of copper, and particularly in the field of power electronics, it is impossible to completely replace copper with aluminum alloy. In order to fully utilize the respective excellent performances of the aluminum alloy and the copper, if an aluminum/copper composite structure is formed by a welding technology under a certain condition, the weight of a structural member can be reduced, materials are saved, the production cost is reduced, and the strength requirement of the structural member can be met. Therefore, the research and application of the preparation of the aluminum/copper composite joint have wide prospects.
However, the difference between some physical properties of aluminum and copper is large, for example, the difference between melting points is more than 400 degrees, and the difference between linear expansion coefficients is more than 40%, so that a series of problems such as high-temperature oxidation, element burning loss, cracks and air holes are easily generated at a welding seam when a traditional fusion welding method is adopted, and a joint with good forming and performance is difficult to obtain, and even a continuous welding seam cannot be formed. The methods of pressure welding, diffusion welding, brazing, etc. which can be used for welding dissimilar materials also have corresponding disadvantages. Pressure welding and diffusion welding have strict requirements on the surface state of a welding piece, the welding period is long, and the diffusion of an intermetallic compound layer is easily caused. Brazing requires strict control of the composition of the brazing filler metal and the brazing process, which is complicated and poor in the heat resistance of the joint.
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) was invented by The Welding Institute (TWI) in 1991 as a solid phase joining technique. The method is characterized in that a stirring head rotating at a high speed is inserted into the contact surface of a workpiece to be welded, and the temperature near the stirring head is raised through the friction between the stirring head and the workpiece to be welded, so that the material reaches a plastic state. At the same time, downward pressure is applied again via the shoulder, and as the pin moves forward along the weld interface, the material that has reached the plastic state flows from the front to the back of the pin, and under the combined action of heat and force, the material reaches solid phase bonding by diffusion. Compared with most welding methods, the FSW welding method has the advantages of no need of adding welding wires and protective gas, no pollution, no smoke and dust, no radiation in the welding process, and low residual stress of a welding joint, so that the FSW welding method has a series of advantages of high welding efficiency, low energy consumption, safe welding process and the like. The deformation and residual stress of FSW after welding are small, metal is not melted in the welding process, and the defects of air holes, cracks and the like of aluminum/copper dissimilar metal in a welding line can be effectively avoided, so that a high-quality joint is expected to be obtained.
In the friction stir welding process, a traditional integrated stirring head is generally adopted, and 60% -70% of heat in the whole welding process is provided by friction heat generation of a shaft shoulder and the surface of a weldment. This portion of the heat promotes the diffusion process of atoms to some extent, which increases the possibility of intermetallic compound formation during dissimilar metal welding. Meanwhile, the existence of the rotating shaft shoulder can cause uneven tissue distribution of the joint in the thickness direction, and the performance of the joint is affected.
TanmoyMedhi et al studied the influence of welding speed on the structure and performance of a friction stir welding joint of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy and pure copper dissimilar metals, the welded joint surface of the dissimilar metal joint obtained through experiments was poor, the structure distribution inside the joint was uneven, more intermetallic compounds were detected inside the joint, the tensile property of the joint was influenced, and the joint strength of the optimal tensile sample obtained through experiments was less than 65%.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a friction stir welding method of aluminum-copper dissimilar metals.
The invention provides a friction stir welding method for improving the performance of an aluminum-copper dissimilar metal joint. The method can ensure that the welding line is attractive in shape, the tissue components are controlled to a certain degree, the performance is more excellent, and the aluminum-copper dissimilar metal friction stir welding joint can meet the engineering application requirements.
The invention provides a friction stir welding method for aluminum-copper dissimilar metal, which is a friction stir welding method for improving the performance of an aluminum-copper dissimilar metal joint. The invention provides a friction stir welding method for aluminum-copper dissimilar metals, which adopts a static shaft shoulder friction stir welding tool to carry out friction stir welding on the aluminum-copper dissimilar metals under the offset condition of the welding tool. The static shaft shoulder friction stir welding tool is characterized in that an inner stirring pin is in a high-speed rotating state in the welding process, an outer shaft shoulder does not rotate, and the inner stirring pin only moves linearly in the welding direction.
The purpose of the invention is realized by at least one of the following technical solutions.
The invention provides an aluminum-copper dissimilar metal friction stir welding method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) removing oil on the surfaces of the aluminum plate and the copper plate, removing an oxidation film, sequentially cleaning with water and alcohol, and drying;
(2) and fixing the aluminum plate and the copper plate by using a clamp, and carrying out static shaft shoulder friction stir welding treatment under the condition that the contact area of the root of the stirring pin and the aluminum plate is larger than the contact area of the root of the stirring pin and the copper plate and the stirring head is inclined to obtain welded metal, thereby completing the friction stir welding of the aluminum-copper dissimilar metal.
Further, the aluminum plate in the step (1) is an aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the aluminum plate is T6 temper 6061 aluminum alloy (T6 heat treated 6061 aluminum alloy).
Further, the copper plate in the step (1) is industrial pure copper.
Preferably, the copper plate in the step (1) is industrial pure copper in a T2 state (industrial pure copper after heat treatment of T2).
Further, in the static shoulder friction stir welding treatment in the step (2), the stirring pin is in a rotating state, the external shoulder does not rotate, and the external shoulder only moves linearly along the welding direction.
Further, in the static shoulder friction stir welding treatment in the step (2), the rotation speed of the stirring pin is 1500-2000 rpm.
Further, the welding speed of the static shaft shoulder stirring friction welding treatment in the step (2) is 20-50 mm/min.
Further, in the step (2), during the static shaft shoulder friction stir welding process, the stirring pin deviates from the aluminum-copper dissimilar metal joint, so that the contact area of the tip part of the stirring pin and the aluminum plate is larger than the contact area of the tip part of the stirring pin and the copper plate, and the offset distance of the tip part of the stirring pin is 0.8-2.0mm (the tip part of the stirring pin deviates from the aluminum-copper dissimilar metal joint towards the aluminum plate).
Preferably, the root of the pin is offset from the aluminum copper dissimilar metal joint by a distance of 1.0 mm.
Further, before the static shoulder friction stir welding process in the step (2) is started, the aluminum plate is placed on the forward side of the welding, and the copper plate is placed on the backward side.
Further, the stirring head in the step (2) is inclined by 2-3 degrees.
Preferably, the stirring head in the step (2) is inclined by 2.5 degrees.
Preferably, the static shoulder friction stir welding treatment in the step (2) adopts a welding tool, the outer diameter of the shoulder is 13mm, the inner diameter of the shoulder is 6.5mm, the length of a stirring pin is 3.85mm, the diameter of the root is 6mm, and the diameter of the tip is 4 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) according to the method provided by the invention, the static shaft shoulder friction stir welding tool is adopted, in the welding process, the inner stirring needle is in a high-speed rotating state, the outer shaft shoulder does not rotate and only advances along the welding direction, the heat in the welding process is almost completely provided by the friction heat generated between the stirring needle and the material to be welded, the temperature gradient in the thickness direction of the joint is reduced, and the tissue distribution is more uniform. Meanwhile, the heat input is controlled to a certain extent, and the generation of metal compounds is reduced to a certain extent;
(2) in the method provided by the invention, the existence of the static shaft shoulder can reduce flash, inhibit the plasticized material from extruding from two sides of the rotating stirring pin and prevent the formation of defects such as holes and the like. Moreover, a static shaft shoulder welding tool is adopted, the obtained welding seam surface is well formed, and the thickness of the plate at the welding seam is not reduced;
(3) compared with the joint obtained by the traditional method, the mechanical property of the welded dissimilar metal joint obtained by the method provided by the invention is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a weld schematic of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of a weld schematic of an embodiment of the invention;
wherein, the shaft shoulder 1, the stirring pin 2 and the material to be welded 3;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of a cross section of a dissimilar metal joint obtained by a static shoulder friction stir welding method according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of a cross section of a dissimilar metal joint obtained in comparative example 1 by a conventional friction stir welding method;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the XRD test results of the dissimilar metal joint obtained by the static shoulder friction stir welding method in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the XRD test results of the dissimilar metal joint obtained by the conventional friction stir welding method in comparative example 1;
FIG. 7 is a scanning electron microscope image of a dissimilar metal joint near an interface, obtained by a static shoulder friction stir welding method in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a dissimilar metal joint in the vicinity of an interface obtained in comparative example 2 by a conventional friction stir welding method.
Detailed Description
The following examples are presented to further illustrate the practice of the invention, but the practice and protection of the invention is not limited thereto. It is noted that the processes described below, if not specifically described in detail, are all realizable or understandable by those skilled in the art with reference to the prior art. The reagents or apparatus used are not indicated to the manufacturer, and are considered to be conventional products available by commercial purchase.
Example 1
In example 1, the static shoulder friction stir welding method was used, and the sizes of the aluminum plate and the copper plate were the same as those of example 1. The aluminum plate is 6061 aluminum alloy subjected to T6 heat treatment; the copper plate is industrial pure copper subjected to T2 heat treatment.
A friction stir welding method of aluminum-copper dissimilar metal comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out surface oil removal and oxide film removal on a material 3 to be welded (comprising an aluminum plate and a copper plate), sequentially cleaning with water and alcohol, and drying;
(2) referring to fig. 1 and 2, an aluminum plate is arranged on the forward side of welding, a copper plate is arranged on the backward side, the aluminum plate and the copper plate are fixed by a clamp, the tip of a stirring pin 2 deviates from an aluminum-copper dissimilar metal joint, the contact area of the tip of the stirring pin 2 and the aluminum plate is larger than that of the copper plate, the offset distance of the tip of the stirring pin is 1mm, the inclination angle of a stirring head is 2.5 degrees, a shaft shoulder 1 does not rotate, static shaft shoulder friction stir welding treatment is carried out, the rotating speed of the stirring pin is 1800pm, the welding speed is 30mm/min, welded metal (dissimilar metal joint) is obtained, and friction stir welding of the aluminum-copper dissimilar metal is completed.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 the conventional friction stir welding method was used, and the aluminum plate and the copper plate were the same in size as in example 1. The aluminum plate is 6061 aluminum alloy subjected to T6 heat treatment; the copper plate is industrial pure copper subjected to T2 heat treatment.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) removing oil on the surfaces of the aluminum plate and the copper plate, removing an oxidation film, sequentially cleaning with water and alcohol, and drying;
(2) arrange aluminum plate in the welded side of advancing, the copper is arranged in and is retreated the side, with anchor clamps fixed aluminum plate and copper, the skew aluminium copper dissimilar metal seam of point portion of stirring pin, the point portion of stirring pin and the area of aluminum plate contact are greater than the area with the copper contact, the distance of the point portion biasing of stirring pin is 1mm, the inclination of stirring head is 2.5, carry out traditional friction stir welding and handle, shaft shoulder and stirring pin rotational speed are 1800pm, welding speed is 30mm/min, obtain the metal after the welding (dissimilar metal connects), accomplish the friction stir welding of aluminium copper dissimilar metal.
Example 2
In example 2, a static shoulder friction stir welding method was used, in which the aluminum plate and the copper plate were both sized: 300mm long, 100mm wide and 4mm thick. The aluminum plate is 6061 aluminum alloy subjected to T6 heat treatment; the copper plate is industrial pure copper subjected to T2 heat treatment.
A friction stir welding method of aluminum-copper dissimilar metal comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out surface oil removal and oxide film removal on a material 3 to be welded (comprising an aluminum plate and a copper plate), sequentially cleaning with water and alcohol, and drying;
(2) referring to fig. 1 and 2, an aluminum plate is arranged on the forward side of welding, a copper plate is arranged on the backward side, the aluminum plate and the copper plate are fixed by a clamp, the tip of a stirring pin 2 deviates from an aluminum-copper dissimilar metal joint, the contact area of the tip of the stirring pin 2 and the aluminum plate is larger than that of the copper plate, the offset distance of the tip of the stirring pin is 1.5mm, the inclined angle of a stirring head is 2.5 degrees, a shaft shoulder 1 does not rotate, static shaft shoulder friction stir welding treatment is carried out, the rotating speed of the stirring pin is 2000pm, the welding speed is 50mm/min, the welded metal (dissimilar metal joint) is obtained, and friction stir welding of the aluminum-copper dissimilar metal is completed.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 the conventional friction stir welding method was used, and the sizes of the aluminum plate and the copper plate were the same as those of example 1. The aluminum plate is 6061 aluminum alloy subjected to T6 heat treatment; the copper plate is industrial pure copper subjected to T2 heat treatment.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) removing oil on the surfaces of the aluminum plate and the copper plate, removing an oxidation film, sequentially cleaning with water and alcohol, and drying;
(2) arrange aluminum plate in the welded side of advancing, the copper is arranged in and is retreated the side, with fixed aluminum plate of anchor clamps and copper, the skew aluminium copper xenogenesis metal seam of point portion of pin stirrer, the area that makes the point portion of pin stirrer and aluminum plate contact is greater than the area with the copper contact, the distance of the point portion off-set of pin stirrer is 1.5mm, the angle of pin stirrer slope is 2.5, carry out traditional friction stir welding and handle, shoulder and pin stirrer formula structure as an organic whole, the rotational speed of shoulder and pin stirrer is 2000rpm, welding speed is 50mm/min, obtain the metal after the welding (xenogenesis metal joint), accomplish the friction stir welding of aluminium copper xenogenesis metal.
Example 3
In example 3, the static shoulder friction stir welding method was used, and the sizes of the aluminum plate and the copper plate were the same as those of example 1. The aluminum plate is 6061 aluminum alloy subjected to T6 heat treatment; the copper plate is industrial pure copper subjected to T2 heat treatment.
A friction stir welding method of aluminum-copper dissimilar metal comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out surface oil removal and oxide film removal on a material 3 to be welded (comprising an aluminum plate and a copper plate), sequentially cleaning with water and alcohol, and drying;
(2) referring to fig. 1 and 2, an aluminum plate is arranged on the forward side of welding, a copper plate is arranged on the backward side, the aluminum plate and the copper plate are fixed by a clamp, the tip of a stirring pin 2 deviates from an aluminum-copper dissimilar metal joint, the contact area of the tip of the stirring pin 2 and the aluminum plate is larger than that of the copper plate, the offset distance of the tip of the stirring pin is 0.8mm, the inclined angle of a stirring head is 2.5 degrees, a shaft shoulder 1 does not rotate, static shaft shoulder friction stir welding treatment is carried out, the rotating speed of the stirring pin is 1600pm, the welding speed is 40mm/min, the welded metal (dissimilar metal joint) is obtained, and friction stir welding of the aluminum-copper dissimilar metal is completed.
Example 4
In example 4, the static shoulder friction stir welding method was used, and the sizes of the aluminum plate and the copper plate were the same as those of example 1. The aluminum plate is 6061 aluminum alloy subjected to T6 heat treatment; the copper plate is industrial pure copper subjected to T2 heat treatment.
A friction stir welding method of aluminum-copper dissimilar metal comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out surface oil removal and oxide film removal on a material 3 to be welded (comprising an aluminum plate and a copper plate), sequentially cleaning with water and alcohol, and drying;
(2) referring to fig. 1 and 2, an aluminum plate is arranged on the forward side of welding, a copper plate is arranged on the backward side, the aluminum plate and the copper plate are fixed by a clamp, the tip of a stirring pin 2 deviates from an aluminum-copper dissimilar metal joint, the contact area of the tip of the stirring pin 2 and the aluminum plate is larger than that of the copper plate, the offset distance of the tip of the stirring pin is 1mm, the inclination angle of a stirring head is 2.5 degrees, a shaft shoulder 1 does not rotate, static shaft shoulder friction stir welding treatment is carried out, the rotating speed of the stirring pin is 1500pm, the welding speed is 20mm/min, welded metal (dissimilar metal joint) is obtained, and friction stir welding of the aluminum-copper dissimilar metal is completed.
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of a cross section of a dissimilar metal joint obtained by a static shoulder friction stir welding method according to example 1 of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of a cross section of a dissimilar metal joint obtained in comparative example 1 by a conventional friction stir welding method. As can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, the dissimilar metal joint obtained by the static shoulder friction stir welding method in example 1 has good formation and uniform distribution of the structure; comparative example 1 an aluminum-copper mixed region having a disordered structure was formed in a dissimilar metal joint obtained by a conventional friction stir welding method, and the structure distribution was not uniform in the thickness direction.
FIG. 5 is a XRD test result of a dissimilar metal joint obtained by a static shoulder friction stir welding method according to example 1 of the present invention; fig. 6 is a XRD test result of the dissimilar metal joint obtained in comparative example 1 by using the conventional friction stir welding method. As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, only a small amount of single metallurgical intermetallic compounds were detected inside the dissimilar metal joint obtained in example 1; however, various intermetallic compounds were detected in the dissimilar metal joint obtained in comparative example 1.
FIG. 7 is a scanning electron microscope image of a dissimilar metal joint near an interface, obtained by a static shoulder friction stir welding method in example 2 of the present invention; FIG. 8 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a dissimilar metal joint in the vicinity of an interface obtained in comparative example 2 by a conventional friction stir welding method. As can be seen from FIGS. 7 and 8, it was observed that a small amount of fine copper particles were scattered inside the joint near the aluminum plate side due to the mechanical action of the stirring pin near the interface of the dissimilar metal joint obtained in example 2; in contrast, in the vicinity of the interface of the dissimilar metal joint obtained in comparative example 2, it was observed that aluminum and copper formed a layered structure, and crack generation was observed in this region, which had an influence on the tensile properties of the joint.
The following table 1 is a table showing tensile properties of dissimilar metal joints obtained in examples 1 to 4 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 2. Tensile properties were measured with reference to the national standard GB/T228-2010.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the dissimilar metal joint obtained by the static shoulder friction stir welding method of the present invention is improved in both tensile strength and elongation after fracture as compared with the dissimilar metal joint obtained in the comparative example.
The above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are intended to be illustrative and not limiting, and those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various changes, substitutions and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A friction stir welding method of aluminum-copper dissimilar metal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) removing oil on the surfaces of the aluminum plate and the copper plate, removing an oxidation film, cleaning and drying;
(2) fixing the aluminum plate and the copper plate, and carrying out static shaft shoulder friction stir welding treatment under the condition that the contact area of the tip of the stirring pin and the aluminum plate is larger than the contact area of the stirring pin and the copper plate and the inclination of the stirring head to obtain welded metal and complete the friction stir welding of the aluminum-copper dissimilar metal.
2. The friction stir welding method of an aluminum-copper dissimilar metal according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum plate of step (1) is an aluminum alloy; the copper plate is industrial pure copper.
3. The friction stir welding method of an aluminum-copper dissimilar metal according to claim 2, wherein the aluminum plate is a 6061 aluminum alloy after T6 heat treatment; the copper plate is industrial pure copper subjected to T2 heat treatment.
4. The friction stir welding method of aluminum-copper dissimilar metal according to claim 1, wherein in the static shoulder friction stir welding process of the step (2), the rotation speed of the stirring pin is 1500-2000 rpm.
5. The friction stir welding method of an aluminum-copper dissimilar metal according to claim 1, wherein a welding speed of the stationary shoulder friction stir welding process of the step (2) is 20 to 50 mm/min.
6. The friction stir welding method of aluminum-copper dissimilar metal according to claim 1, wherein in the static shoulder friction stir welding process of step (2), the stirring pin is offset from the aluminum-copper dissimilar metal joint so that an area of contact between a tip portion of the stirring pin and the aluminum plate is larger than an area of contact between the tip portion of the stirring pin and the copper plate, and the offset distance of the tip portion of the stirring pin is 0.8 to 2.0 mm.
7. The friction stir welding method of an aluminum-copper dissimilar metal according to claim 6, wherein a tip of the stirring pin is offset by a distance of 1 mm.
8. The friction stir welding method of an aluminum-copper dissimilar metal according to claim 1, wherein before the static shoulder friction stir welding process of step (2) is started, the aluminum plate is placed on an advancing side of welding and the copper plate is placed on a retreating side.
9. An aluminum-copper dissimilar metal friction stir welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the angle at which said stirring head of step (2) is inclined is 2.5 ° to 3 °.
10. The friction stir welding method of an aluminum-copper dissimilar metal according to claim 9, wherein the angle at which the stirring head in the step (2) is inclined is 2.5 °.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114346602A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-15 | 忻州尚华扬电器设备有限公司 | Contact for aluminum-copper-tungsten composite high-voltage electric appliance and manufacturing method |
| CN114633015A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-06-17 | 太原科技大学 | Aluminum-magnesium dissimilar metal and static shaft shoulder friction stir welding process and device thereof |
| CN115121931A (en) * | 2022-06-18 | 2022-09-30 | 广东铭利达科技有限公司 | High-strength aluminum alloy support friction stir welding method |
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