CN101941119B - Method for connecting aluminum alloy and steel by laser filler wire - Google Patents
Method for connecting aluminum alloy and steel by laser filler wire Download PDFInfo
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- CN101941119B CN101941119B CN 201010279117 CN201010279117A CN101941119B CN 101941119 B CN101941119 B CN 101941119B CN 201010279117 CN201010279117 CN 201010279117 CN 201010279117 A CN201010279117 A CN 201010279117A CN 101941119 B CN101941119 B CN 101941119B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for connecting an aluminum alloy and steel by a laser filler wire, which is suitable for the field of dissimilar material connection and particularly suitable for the connection between dissimilar materials of which fusion points and thermal physical properties differ from each other greatly. The method comprises the following steps of: assembling a lap joint in which an aluminum plate is arranged on a steel plate, wherein a laser beam, a wire feeding nozzle and a protective gas nozzle are fixed in the same plane, the laser beam is vertically incident, and a laser focus, a wire dropping point of a welding wire and a protective gas feeding point are guaranteed to be consistent during welding; and melting the fed aluminum welding wire by using the laser to ensure that the molten aluminum welding wire is in fusion connection with the aluminum plate, simultaneously a micro fusion layer is formed on one side of the steel plate and then a fusion-braze welding connection is formed, thus the lap joint between dissimilar metals such as the aluminum alloy and the steel is realized. The method improves the connection efficiency between the dissimilar metals such as the aluminum alloy and the steel, and the tensile strength of the joint is over 149.6N/mm. The method solves the problems of long preparation time, low automation degree and poor reproducibility of welding results in the process of connecting pre-coated layers of the dissimilar materials such as welded-aluminum and the steel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of method for laser welding by filler wire connection aluminium and steel dissimilar metal, is applicable to the foreign material connection area, the connection between the foreign material that especially suitable fusing point and hot physical property differ greatly.
Background technology
Modern society's energy scarcity, the product of energy-saving and emission-reduction more and more is subject to consumer's favor.Numerous producers are the numerous and confused pattern of using light material or adopting bi-material to connect in product, to reach the target that alleviates the product own wt.In the worldwide industrial production, the product of " steel+aluminium " welding of dissimilar metal connecting structure is more and more, for example in automobile industry, and the manufacturing technology that the conceptual design of the new TTASF of Audi vehicle body uses aluminium alloy to mix with high strength steel first; BMW 5 is namely to be the combination example of steel body and aluminum car head.In shipbuilding, the lightweight boats and ships that are comprised of the main deck of the superstructure of aluminium matter and steel are following developing direction.Aluminium alloy and stainless syndeton also have a very wide range of applications in daily life in addition.But because steel is mutually far short of what is expected with fusing point and the thermophysical property of aluminium alloy, directly the difficulty of welding is very large between them, and the method for attachment of inquiring into steel and aluminium alloy is extremely important.
The control of heat input when the key of aluminium alloy and the molten solder of steel dissimilar metal is to weld.When heat input was larger, the intermetallic compounds layer that welding point forms was thicker, and the existence of a large amount of frangible compounds makes welding point be difficult to satisfy the practicality requirement; When heat input hour, the thickness of intermetallic compounds layer is too thin, soldered fitting can not realize that compactness connects, strength of joint is low.Up to the present, fail also to realize that aluminium alloy is connected with effective fusing of steel.Therefore, people successively adopt welding method connecting aluminum alloy and the steel of the solid-state connections such as friction welding (FW), explosive welding (EW), diffusion welding (DW), supersonic welding, be intended to welding point and reduce the probability that compound forms between metalwork, these welding methods because weld characteristics separately so that their range of application less all, and there is separately limitation, is difficult to satisfy the requirement of producing in enormous quantities high efficiency.Thereby steel and the discussion of aluminium alloy method of attachment all be confined to fusing is connected with two kinds of methods of brazing filler metal on.
MIG take electric arc as thermal source weldering owing to electric arc extensively exist and manufacturing cost is lower receives much concern.But electric arc for disperse thermal source, heat input is difficult to control in welding process, forms easily larger heat affected area, the intermetallic compounds layer that welding point forms is thick also to be difficult to control.For example Japanese scholars once used the CMT arc welding technology to realize the connection of aluminium-steel dissimilar metal thin plate, comparing its adaptability with other solid welding methods also is greatly improved, but be subjected to the restriction of arc characteristic, its formation efficiency is difficult to satisfy the demand of producing in enormous quantities.The lot of domestic and international people adopts the laser-arc hybrid welding technology welding of aluminum and steel in addition, is subjected to equally the restriction of arc characteristic, and its production efficiency is difficult to satisfy the demand of producing manufacturing in enormous quantities.
German and French scholar once adopted the YAG laser instrument to add method connecting aluminum alloy and the steel plate of welding wire, basic skills is that the welding wire after the fusing is sprawled at surface of steel plate, guarantee that surface of steel plate is not melted, interface formation brazing filler metal interface between steel plate and weld seam, namely steel plate and aluminium alloy plate form brazed joint by filling metal.Although the at the interface generation thinner intermetallic compounds layer of this connected mode between steel plate and weld seam, but its brazed joint form makes this welding procedure itself have serious drawback: 1, the brazed joint bonding strength is lower, and the temperature capacity of joint is poor, and these characteristics may cause the property of welded joint reduction even lose efficacy.2, guarantee that the parameter window that steel plate is not melted is very little, welding process is not easy to operate during practical operation, and this can cause production efficiency low.More than the existence of these problems, the application of this laser welding with filler wire method is very limited, so be badly in need of a kind of simple, practical connecting aluminum alloy and the method for steel.
The wire filling laser welding connection technology is to grow up the eighties in 20th century, compare with traditional solder technology, the advantage of Laser Welding is that the sweating heat input quantity is controlled, speed of welding is fast, welding efficiency is high, welding deformation is little, the accessibility of light beam is good, is that other traditional heat sources can not be compared.In welding process, add the effect that filler wire not only plays stabilized welding process, also between material to be welded, play good bridge linking effect, be conducive to the connection between the dissimilar metal, and can effectively improve by the composition of adjusting welding wire the performance of welding point.The characteristics of these technology are connected laser for aluminium alloy and fill silk are connected that provide may with steel.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem that exists in the background technology, the invention provides a kind of laser silk filling method of attachment that realizes easily and efficiently aluminium alloy and steel.The method is take filler wire as connection metal, use the multikilowatt laser instrument as thermal source, control heat conduction and the fusion process that surface of steel plate occurs by the heat input in the strict control welding process and welding procedure, form small melting zone at surface of steel plate, make and form melting welding between aluminium alloy and the steel plate and be connected with the mixing of brazing filler metal, so not only realized being connected between aluminium alloy and the steel plate, also controlled the bed thickness of bonding pad intermetallic compound, improved the bonding strength of joint by the formation of small fusion zone, realized that aluminium alloy is connected with the efficient of steel, having solved in the different-metal material welding can not high-quality, an efficient difficult problem that connects.
Technical scheme of the present invention is referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the method of laser silk filling connecting aluminum alloy and steel, it is characterized in that: after treating wlding material surface clean, at first steel plate 2 to be welded is assembled into aluminium alloy plate upper with aluminium alloy plate 1, steel plate under lap joint, wherein laser beam 5, wire feed nozzle 4 is fixed in the same plane with protection gas jets 6, wire feed nozzle 4 lays respectively at the both sides of laser beam 5 with protecting gas jets 6, laser beam 5 vertical incidence are to surface of steel plate, angle between aluminium alloy welding wire and steel plate 2 surfaces (being wire feed angle 3) is between 45-60 °, and the angle (namely protecting air horn degree 7) between protection gas jets and steel plate 2 surfaces is 45 °; Guarantee during welding that laser spot is a little consistent with the sending into of silk point and protective gas that fall of aluminium alloy welding wire; Aluminium alloy welding wire falls silk point on aluminium alloy plate 1, and aluminium alloy welding wire central axis and distance at steel plate 2 and aluminium alloy plate 1 lap joint be the aluminum alloy welding filament diameter 0.7-0.9 doubly; In the process of welding, also need accurately to control the sweating heat input quantity by regulating laser power, speed of welding and wire feed rate, make wire melting, be positioned at the aluminium alloy plate fusing above the welding point, small fusing occurs in steel plate 2 under the conduction of heat of filler wire, crucible zone is between 0.1-0.6mm, and then form the welding-braze welding point with the welding wire of fusing in steel plate one side, thereby and form melting in aluminium alloy plate one side and connect and realize that overlap joint connects; Welding process need guarantee aluminium alloy welding wire to send into direction opposite with welding direction 9, welding process adopts the helium protection.In described aluminium alloy and the steel dissimilar metal laser silk filling method of attachment, LASER Light Source can be CO
2, Nd:YAG, semiconductor or optical-fiber laser any one, the cross-sectional distribution of light beam can be Gaussian distribution, the square distribution of flat-top or rectangle flat-top distribute any one.
The welding wire of sending into the weld zone is the AlSi welding wire, and diameter is between 0.8-1.2mm, and mass percent is between 4.5-13%.
Steel plate is ordinary low-carbon steel, low-alloy steel or galvanized steel plain sheet, and aluminium alloy plate is fine aluminium or aluminium alloy.
Basic principle of the present invention is:
When welding, aluminium alloy plate and steel plate are assembled into aluminium alloy upper, steel plate under joint form, by regulating laser irradiation in the distance of position, aluminium alloy welding wire and the aluminium alloy plate side of aluminium alloy welding wire, make laser beam, welding wire and welded aluminium alloy plate three on rational relative position, heat input when accurately control is welded adopts rational laser power, speed of welding and wire feed rate, makes the AlSi filler wire of fusing and 6061 aluminium alloy plates form transitional good connecting joint; And in DC06 steel plate one side, make steel plate very little fusion zone of generation area under the conduction of heat of filler wire, make the existing small fusion zone of this interface formation that the mixing land in brazing filler metal district be arranged again, thereby realize melting-the pricker connection of these two kinds of metals.
The accurate controlled characteristics of heat input are accurately controlled the heat input in the welding process during by laser weld, make two join domains of at the interface generation of plumb joint internal weld seams and steel plate, are respectively very little fusion zone 10-2 and brazing filler metal district 10-1.The shape of cross section of weld zone is according to light spot shape (Gaussian, the square distribution of flat-top or rectangle flat-top distribute) be down respectively Gaussian, trapezoidal or rectangle, but laser spot diameter or rectangular one size dimension are controlled between 0.34～0.42mm, accurately control the energy of laser beam 5, make steel plate that slight fusing occur under the conduction of heat of filler wire, the crucible zone degree of depth is between 0.1-0.6mm, because melting zone is very little, the amount of the intermetallic compound that form this moment is very little, the bed thickness of intermetallic compound is controlled, performance that can butt joint is brought adverse effect, on the contrary, owing to fusion zone herein, greatly improved the bonding strength of joint; Make and form the welding-braze welding point between the welding wire of steel plate and fusing.
The Si element not only can reduce the fusing point of welding wire in the Al-Si welding wire, can also improve the chemical property of welding wire, effectively prevents the weld seam grain boundary corrosion.In addition, Si can also slow down the effect of intermetallic compounds layer growth, and the intermetallic compound growth of mutually molten steel together and welding wire generation when cooling is restricted, and greatly reduces the bed thickness of aluminium alloy and steel linkage interface place intermetallic compound.The Al-Si welding wire can form transitional extraordinary joint with the aluminium alloy of fusing simultaneously, and this joint solidifies rear formation by fusion zone 10-3.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the method schematic diagram of laser filling wire welding aluminium alloy and steel.
Fig. 2: the lap joint schematic diagram that forms behind the wire melting.
Fig. 3: adopt the aluminium alloy of the inventive method welding and the welding point cross section embodiment 1 of steel.
Fig. 4: adopt the aluminium alloy of the inventive method welding and the welding point cross section embodiment 2 of steel.
Among the figure: 1, aluminium alloy plate; 2, steel plate, 3, the wire feed angle, 4, the wire feed nozzle; 5, laser beam; 6, protection gas jets, 7, protection air horn degree, 8, weld seam; 9, welding direction; the brazing filler metal district at 10-1, weld seam and steel interface, the fusion zone at 10-2, weld seam and steel interface, the fusion zone of 10-3, weld seam and aluminium
The specific embodiment
Below be embodiments of the invention and effect.
SLABCO is adopted in experiment
2Laser instrument, wavelength are 10.6 μ m, and power is 3500W.
The workpiece that experiment is adopted: 6061-T6 aluminium alloy: 70 * 30 * 2.0mm; DC06 steel plate: 70mm * 30 * 1.0mm.
Test used welding wire: AlSi
5Welding wire, diameter: Φ 1.2mm
As shown in Figure 2, adopt universal fixturing that aluminium alloy plate and steel plate are assembled into aluminium alloy upper before the experiment, steel plate under joint form, by regulating the distance of aluminium alloy welding wire and aluminium alloy plate side, and laser irradiation is in the position of aluminium alloy welding wire, make the three on rational relative position, the heat input when accurately controlling welding by the careful adjusting of laser power makes 6061 aluminium alloy plates of fusing and filler wire AlSi5 form transitional good melting welding head; And in DC06 steel plate one side, make steel plate very little fusion zone of generation area under the conduction of heat of filler wire, all the other are the brazing filler metal district, formed the land of mixing that there is again the brazing filler metal district existing small fusion zone at aluminium alloy and the linkage interface of steel plate like this, thereby realize melting-the pricker connection of these two kinds of metals, such as Fig. 3.
Laser power P=2200W; speed of welding 2m/min; wire feed rate is 6m/min, defocusing amount+4mm, the spot diameter 0.34mm of laser irradiation on welding wire; filler wire is the AlSi5 welding wire of diameter 1.2mm; the fall position of silk point is the welding wire center and is 1.0mm apart from d that the length h between laser facula Radiation Center point and aluminium alloy welding wire front end is 1.0mm between the aluminium alloy plate side on welding point top, protection gas is He; flow 25L/min, 56 ° at wire feed angle
Utilize the scissor test result that draws of the jointing that said method obtains to show: the failure position of sample occurs in weld seam and is connected at the interface with steel plate, and the tension of the maximum of joint is cut intensity and reached 149.6Nmm
-1
Other welding conditions are identical with embodiment 1, repeat no more here, and the cross-sectional view of two kinds of Metal Melting-pricker connections as shown in Figure 4.
Laser power P=3000W; speed of welding 3m/min; wire feed rate is 9m/min, defocusing amount+5mm, the spot diameter 0.38mm of laser irradiation on welding wire; filler wire is the AlSi5 welding wire of diameter 1.2mm; the fall position of silk point is the welding wire center and is 1.0mm apart from d that the length h between laser spot center point and aluminium alloy welding wire front end is 1.0mm between the aluminium sheet side on welding point top, protection gas is He; flow 25L/min, 56 ° at wire feed angle
Utilize the scissor test result that draws of the jointing that said method obtains to show: the failure position of sample mainly occurs in the heat affected area of aluminium alloy plate, and the tension of the maximum of joint is cut intensity and reached 108.8Nmm
-1
Claims (3)
1. the laser method of connecting aluminum alloy and steel that fills silk, it is characterized in that: after treating wlding material surface clean, at first steel plate to be welded (2) and aluminium alloy plate (1) are assembled into aluminium alloy plate upper, steel plate under lap joint, laser beam (5) wherein, wire feed nozzle (4) is fixed in the same plane with protection gas jets (6), wire feed nozzle (4) lays respectively at the both sides of laser beam (5) with protecting gas jets (6), laser beam (5) vertical incidence is to surface of steel plate, angle between aluminium alloy welding wire and steel plate (2) surface be wire feed angle (3) between 45-60 °, it is 45 ° that the angle between protection gas jets and steel plate (2) surface is namely protected air horn degree (7); Guarantee during welding that laser spot is a little consistent with the sending into of silk point and protective gas that fall of aluminium alloy welding wire; Aluminium alloy welding wire falls silk point on aluminium alloy plate (1), and aluminium alloy welding wire central axis and distance at steel plate (2) and aluminium alloy plate (1) lap joint be the aluminum alloy welding filament diameter 0.7-0.9 doubly; In the process of welding, also need accurately to control the sweating heat input quantity by regulating laser power, speed of welding and wire feed rate, make wire melting, be positioned at aluminium alloy plate (1) fusing above the welding point, small fusing occurs in steel plate (2) under the conduction of heat of filler wire, crucible zone is between 0.1-0.6mm, and then form the welding-braze welding point with the welding wire of fusing in steel plate one side, thereby and form melting in aluminium alloy plate one side and connect and realize that overlap joint connects; Welding process need guarantee aluminium alloy welding wire to send into direction opposite with welding direction (9), welding process adopts the helium protection.
2. the method for laser silk filling connecting aluminum alloy according to claim 1 and steel is characterized in that described LASER Light Source is CO
2, Nd:YAG, semiconductor or optical-fiber laser any one, the cross-sectional distribution of light beam be the square distribution of Gaussian distribution, flat-top or rectangle flat-top distribute any one.
3. the laser according to claim 1 method of connecting aluminum alloy and steel that fills silk, the aluminium alloy welding wire that it is characterized in that sending into the weld zone is the AlSi welding wire, diameter is chosen in any one between the 0.8-1.2mm, and the mass percent of Si is chosen in any one between the 4.5-13%.
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