CN102357734B - Method for connecting 2XXX and 7XXX heterogeneous aluminum alloy by laser filler wire - Google Patents
Method for connecting 2XXX and 7XXX heterogeneous aluminum alloy by laser filler wire Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for connecting 2XXX and 7XXX heterogeneous aluminum alloy by the laser filler wire, which is suitable for the connection field of 2XXX and 7XXX-series of heterogeneous aluminum alloy. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, assembling two aluminum alloy plates to be welded into a butt joint mode; regulating position relationship among a laser focal point, the wire falling point of an aluminum alloy welding wire and a butt joint gap between two aluminum alloy plates to ensure that the laser beam, the welding wire and the welded aluminum alloy plates are positioned on the reasonable opposite positions; and adopting reasonable welding parameters, laser power, welding speed, wire conveying speed and the like, utilizing AlCu or Alsi welding wires as filler material in the welding process to regulate the ingredient of the welding line and improve the performance of the joint. According to the method, the problems that the 2XXX and 7XXX heterogeneous aluminum alloy is difficult to connect, the welding line is softened during melting, and heat checking tendency exists can be solved.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention is a kind of method for laser welding that connects 2XXX and 7XXX series heterogeneity aluminum alloy by filler wire, is applicable to the connection area of 2XXX and 7XXX series heterogeneity aluminum alloy.
Technical background:
The manufacture of transport facility will be considered the requirement to performance on the one hand, to consider on the other hand to manufacture and use procedure to the requirement of economy.For achieving the above object, need under the condition that guarantees vehicles performance, constantly alleviate own wt.But 2XXX and 7XXX aluminium alloy are two kinds of heat treatment high strength alumin ium alloys, are widely used in aerospace field with characteristics such as its low-density, high specific strengths, it is also the alternative materials of modern high speed train, light-duty vehicle and car etc.Due to the extensive use of two kinds of aluminium alloys, the connectivity problem between the two inevitably appears.The method of attachment of aerolite is mainly riveted joint traditionally, has increased like this weight of structure.The connection of 2XXX and 7XXX series heterogeneity aluminum alloy is mainly adopted bonding, but bonding intensity is lower.Welding is the prefered method addressed this problem.
Traditional welding method has great limitation for welding aluminum alloy.Arc welding method is because heat input is larger, in two kinds of aluminum alloy welding termination process of 2XXX and 7XXX, weld seam and heat affected area all serious ruckbildung can occur, often think that the 2XXX series alloys is used traditional electrical arc-welding solderability not high, the 7XXX series alloys is not recommended employing arc welding.Agitating friction is welded in the welding between 2XXX, 6XXX, 7XXX series alloys and various aluminium alloy has all been obtained to welding effect preferably, but have that stirring area is softening, upsetting force large, be installed require high, be difficult to carry out three-dimension flexible processing and speed of welding waits shortcoming slowly and limited it in very many-sided application.Although the weldquality that electron-bombardment welding obtains increases substantially than arc welding intensity, because the electron-bombardment welding cost is high, consuming time and the reason such as vacuum chamber limited space, be difficult to be used widely.
Laser welding technology is compared advantage with the traditional welding technology and is, the sweating heat input quantity is controlled, heat affected area is little, speed of welding is fast, welding efficiency is high, welding deformation is little, the accessibility of light beam is good, is that other traditional heat sources can not be compared.In the Laser Deep Penetration Welding termination process, the laser weld energy density is high, the heating cooling velocity is fast, can obtain narrower weld seam because dark existence of melting aperture makes, and makes it become a kind of method of applicable Welded.And laser weld can be carried out complicated flexible 3 D processing, easily is automated, and has commercial application prospect widely.In welding process, add the effect that filler wire not only plays stabilized welding process, also between material to be welded, play good bridge linking effect, be conducive to the connection between dissimilar metal, and can effectively control by adjusting component of weld wire the performance of the composition of welding point, the generation that suppresses fire check, raising welding point.These technical characterstics provide possibility for the connection between 2XXX and 7XXX series heterogeneity aluminum alloy.
In the Laser Deep Penetration Welding termination process, laser power density surpasses the material threshold for penetration and produces dark molten aperture, to be conducive to the absorption of material for laser light, yet aperture is stable existence always not, thereby it will produce wild effect and cause the welding process unstability under the factor effects such as plasma, cause the deterioration of appearance of weld.During Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloys, because the evaporating pressure of Al is higher, so the unsettled phenomenon of laser welding of aluminum alloy ubiquity.And, due to the larger difference of hydrogen solubility in liquid aluminium alloy and solid aluminum alloy, in welded seam of aluminium alloy, easily form hydrogen blistering.Unstable and the pore of welding process is the common problem of Welded.2XXX series alloy laser weld, except the characteristics with Welded, also needs to solve the softening problem of fire check and weld seam; And the 7XXX series alloys will cause unstable, the weld seam of aperture to soften owing in alloy, existing the vapo(u)rability elements such as lower boiling Mg, Zn during laser weld, welding quality is descended.Thereby the connection of 2XXX and 7XXX series heterogeneity aluminum alloy has very large difficulty.
In laser beam welding, add filler wire and will reduce the temperature in Reciprocity of Laser & Materials district, the unstability of reduction welding process, can also adjust the composition of weld metal, improve hot cracking tendency, improve weld strength.The present invention will utilize the laser welding with filler wire method stabilized welding process, the problems such as the hot tearing in solution 2XXX and 7XXX high strength alumin ium alloy laser beam welding and pore, again by regulating the welding parameters such as chevilled silk spacing, wire feed rate, beam deviation amount, further stabilized welding process, thus realize that the laser filling wire welding of 2XXX and 7XXX series heterogeneity aluminum alloy connects.
Summary of the invention:
In order to solve the problem existed in above-mentioned 2XXX and the welding of 7XXX heterogeneity aluminum alloy, the invention provides the laser filling wire welding method of attachment of a kind of 2XXX of realization and 7XXX heterogeneity aluminum alloy.The method adopts the multikilowatt laser instrument as thermal source, and in laser beam welding, adding welding wire is connection metal, reduces on the one hand the temperature in Reciprocity of Laser & Materials district and carrys out stabilized welding process.On the other hand by regulating the welding parameters such as chevilled silk spacing, wire feed rate, beam deviation amount, further stabilized welding process, not only realized the connection between two kinds of aluminium alloys, solved hot tearing and pore problem, and weld strength has also reached higher level.
Technical scheme of the present invention is referring to Fig. 1-3, laser fills silk and connects the method for 2XXX and 7XXX series heterogeneity aluminum alloy, it is characterized in that: at first material surface to be welded is cleaned, then two kinds of aluminium alloy plates to be welded are assembled into to the banjo fixing butt jointing in figure, (having relatively high expectations to banjo fixing butt jointing during laser weld.Require end face to be welded straight, the gap between two end faces to be welded of banjo fixing butt jointing is less than 30% of laser spot place diameter.) wherein laser beam 3, wire feed nozzle 5 are fixed in same plane with protection gas jets 4, wire feed nozzle 5 lays respectively at the both sides of laser beam 3 with protecting gas jets 4, (laser beam 3 is incident angle 12 with the angle of vertical direction to laser beam 3 with incidence angle, between 0-15 °) be incident to surface of steel plate, angle (being wire feed angle 10) between aluminium alloy welding wire and mother metal 2,024 1 surfaces is between 45-60 °, and the angle (namely protecting air horn degree 11) between protection gas jets and mother metal 7,075 2 surfaces is between 45-55 °; Aluminium alloy welding wire falls, and silk is put and the spacing of laser spot is chevilled silk spacing 13, during welding, guarantees that laser spot is a little consistent with the sending into of silk point and protective gas that fall of aluminium alloy welding wire, and namely the chevilled silk spacing is 0; Laser spot is laser offset amount 14 (side-play amount is generally between 0.2-0.7mm) to the vertical range of docking welded seam of aluminium alloy, in order to guarantee the stability of 2XXX and 7XXX series heterogeneity aluminum alloy welding process, the focus of laser beam is positioned on 2XXX aluminium alloy plate 1.Except guaranteeing above-mentioned parameter, also need to regulate laser power, speed of welding and wire feed rate in the process of welding and accurately control the sweating heat input quantity, realize the connection of 2XXX series and 7XXX series heterogeneity aluminum alloy.
In laser beam welding, laser 3 acts on filler wire and aluminium alloy plate to be welded (1 and 2) simultaneously, due to the higher energy density of laser, wire melting in the interaction region of laser and material, aluminium alloy plate melts and welding plasma 7, deeply molten aperture occur, a large amount of physics, chemical change have occurred, motion along with laser, new dark molten aperture constantly, stably form, the welding wire of fusing is constantly filled and is entered molten bath, and the liquid bath temperature that leaves laser beam constantly reduces, solidify and form weld seam 6.So process constantly realizes the metallurgical binding between material.
Welding process need guarantee aluminium alloy welding wire to send into direction opposite with welding direction 9, welding process adopts helium to do protective gas.Described heterogeneity aluminum alloy laser fills silk in method of attachment, and LASER Light Source can be any one of CO2, Nd:YAG, semiconductor or optical-fiber laser, and the cross-sectional distribution of light beam need be Gaussian Profile, and beam quality laser instrument preferably.
The welding wire of sending into weld zone should be AlSi or AlCu welding wire, and diameter is between 0.8-1.2mm.
Two kinds of aluminium alloy plates to be welded are respectively 2XXX series and 7XXX series alloys.
Basic principle of the present invention is:
When welding, two kinds of aluminium alloy plates are assembled into to the docking form, by regulating fall position relationship between the abutment joint of silk point and two kinds of aluminium alloy plates of laser spot, aluminium alloy welding wire, make laser beam, welding wire and welded aluminium alloy plate three on rational relative position, adopt again rational welding parameter such as laser power, speed of welding and wire feed rate etc., make the AlSi melted or AlCu filler wire and aluminium alloy plate form transitional good connecting joint.
When laser filling wire welding connects 2XXX series and 7XXX series heterogeneity aluminum alloy; at first material surface to be welded is cleaned; be assembled into banjo fixing butt jointing; wherein laser beam 3, wire feed nozzle 5 are fixed in same plane with protection gas jets 4; wire feed nozzle 5 lays respectively at the both sides of laser beam 3 with protecting gas jets 4; incidence angle 12 is between 0-15 °; laser beam 3 is incident to material surface to be welded (1 and 2) with certain incidence angle 12; wire feed angle 10 is between 45-60 °, and protection air horn degree 11 is between 45-55 °.Above-mentioned condition is the Wire-added primary condition connect of laser.In order to guarantee the stability of laser weld 2XXX and 7XXX series heterogeneity aluminum alloy process, need to guarantee that chevilled silk spacing 13 is 0; The focus of laser beam is positioned on the 2XXX aluminium alloy plate on 1, and laser offset amount 14 is between 0.2-0.7mm.
In laser beam welding, laser 3 acts on filler wire and aluminium alloy plate to be welded (1 and 2) simultaneously, due to the higher energy density of laser, wire melting in interaction region, aluminium alloy plate melts and welding plasma 7, deeply molten aperture occur, a large amount of physics, chemical change have occurred, motion along with laser, dark molten aperture constantly, stably form, the welding wire of fusing is constantly filled and is entered molten bath, and the liquid bath temperature that leaves laser beam constantly reduces, be frozen into weld seam 6.
When laser weld 2XXX and 7XXX series heterogeneity aluminum alloy, need to make the chevilled silk spacing is 0mm.Because at this moment the contact position in welding wire and molten bath is just the laser beam application point, the welding wire-molten drop of fusing will, in the interaction area of laser and material under the effect of various power, contact transition with generation between molten bath stably.Molten bath kept stable in welding process, can obtain uniform appearance of weld.When the chevilled silk spacing is larger, on base metals, make the too high unstability that increases welding process of energy on mother metal due to most of energy of laser, improved the probability that forms the defects such as pit in the welding process.
In order to guarantee the stability of welding process, when laser weld 2XXX and 7XXX series heterogeneity aluminum alloy, generally making the focus of laser beam is not the center that is positioned at weld seam, but is positioned on the 2XXX aluminium alloy plate, and the distance at weld seam center is that side-play amount is generally between 0.2-0.7.Because the subject matter of laser weld 2XXX series alloy is fire check and pore, welding process is more stable, for the skew of the position of stabilized welding process laser spot on the 2XXX series alloy.If side-play amount is excessive, weld metal solidify substantial deviation weld seam center, center, frozen metal can not cover the port of 7XXX series, causes weldquality to descend.If the focus of laser beam is positioned at the center of weld seam or to the skew of 7XXX series, the unstability of 7XXX series alloys laser beam welding will affect the quality of connection of 2XXX and 7XXX series heterogeneity aluminum alloy.
Except above-mentioned parameter, also need to regulate laser power, speed of welding and wire feed rate in the process of welding and accurately control the sweating heat input quantity, realize the connection of 2XXX series and 7XXX series heterogeneity aluminum alloy.The working gas adopted in welding process is helium, and the feeding direction of working gas is consistent with welding direction.
The welding process that laser adds silk is a melting process, weld seam has experienced the process of fusing, rapid solidification, caused tissue in weld seam to change with hardening constituent, the easy evaporated metal element loss of part under high temperature action, welding heat affected zone also can change in heat effect undertissue and hardening constituent, has caused between Weld Performance and mother metal and difference occurred.In the process of welding, add Al-Si and Al-Cu welding wire, not only can, to the easy evaporation element of replenish lost in weld seam, also can generate hardening constituent such as θ (Al
2Cu) phase, Mg2S equate, thereby improve the mechanical performance of welding point.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that laser filling wire welding connects 2XXX and 7XXX heterogeneity aluminum alloy experiment schematic diagram
Fig. 2 is that laser filling wire welding connects 2XXX and 7XXX heterogeneity aluminum alloy sectional view
Fig. 3 laser offset amount schematic diagram
Fig. 4 is that laser filling wire welding connects 2XXX and 7XXX heterogeneity aluminum alloy weld seam pattern (a) and cross section (b)
Fig. 5 is for filling 2319 welding wire weld seam stress strain curves
Fig. 6 is for filling 4043 welding wire weld seam stress strain curves
Fig. 7 is for filling 2319 and 4043 welding wire weld seam fracture characteristics
Fig. 8 is for filling the weld seam fracture apperance of 2319 welding wires
Fig. 9 is for filling the weld seam fracture apperance of 4043 welding wires
In figure, the 1-2XXX mother metal; The 2-7XXX mother metal; The 3-laser beam; 4-protects gas jets; The 5-wire feeding mouth; The 6-weld seam; 7-welds plasma; The 8-welding direction; The 9-weld keyhole; 10-wire feed angle; 11-protection air horn degree; The 12-incidence angle; 13-chevilled silk spacing; 14-laser offset amount;
The specific embodiment:
Mode 1:
Use diameter as packing material, to be welded to connect 2024 and during 7075 heterogeneity aluminum alloy as the AlCu welding wire (the welding wire trade mark is 2319) of 1.2mm, at first by material 2024 to be welded and 7075 surface clean, be assembled into the banjo fixing butt jointing of Fig. 1, wherein laser beam 3, wire feed nozzle 5 is fixed in same plane with protection gas jets 4, wire feed nozzle 5 lays respectively at the both sides (wire feed angle and protective gas angle are respectively 45 ° and 55 °) of laser beam 3 with protecting gas jets 4, laser beam 3 is incident to material surface to be welded (1 and 2) with incidence angle 12 (10 °), chevilled silk spacing 13 is 0, the focus of laser beam is positioned on the 2XXX aluminium alloy plate on 1, laser offset amount 14 is at 0.5mm, the parameter of laser weld is laser power 3500W, speed of welding 4m/min, wire feed rate 3.5m/min, carry out under these conditions that laser is Wire-added to be connect.The weld seam and the cross-sectional view that obtain are Fig. 4.
Mode 2:
Use diameter as packing material, to be welded to connect 2024 and during 7075 heterogeneity aluminum alloy as the AlCu welding wire (the welding wire trade mark is 2319) of 1.2mm, at first by material 2024 to be welded and 7075 surface clean, be assembled into the banjo fixing butt jointing of Fig. 1, wherein laser beam 3, wire feed nozzle 5 is fixed in same plane with protection gas jets 4, wire feed nozzle 5 lays respectively at the both sides (wire feed angle and protective gas angle are respectively 45 ° and 55 °) of laser beam 3 with protecting gas jets 4, laser beam 3 is incident to material surface to be welded (1 and 2) with incidence angle 12 (10 °), chevilled silk spacing 13 is 0, the focus of laser beam is positioned on the 2XXX aluminium alloy plate on 1, laser offset amount 14 is at 0.5mm, the parameter of laser weld is laser power 3500W, speed of welding 4m/min, wire feed rate 3.5m/min, carry out under these conditions that laser is Wire-added to be connect.
Above-mentioned weldment is processed into to tensile sample, adopts the weld seam average tensile strength 339.5MPa of 2319 welding wires, adopting the weld seam average tensile strength of 4043 welding wires is 308.6.Adopt the stress strain curve figure of 2319 and 4043 welding wire weld seams closely similar, Fig. 5 and 6 is respectively two kinds of welding wire stress strain curve figure.Laser welded seam is narrow, in this experiment weld width is less than 2mm, and heat affected area is also very little, and the material outside weld seam and heat affected area has kept intensity and the toughness that former mother metal is good, because weld strength is less than mother metal, so be difficult to, embody the percentage elongation of weld seam part on stress strain curve.
Two groups of fracture site have larger difference, (Fig. 7 a) shows that the weld seam fracture is neat to adopt the weld seam top view of 2319 welding wires, from section of weld joint figure (Fig. 7 b), see that first half fracture occurs near fusion area or heat affected area, substantially be positioned at jump welding seam joint head, the fracture of weld seam middle and lower part occurs in the weld seam center, and such fracture runs through whole weld seam fracture.Adopt the weld seam of 4043 welding wires to see the fracture position irregular from top view (Fig. 7 ac), section of weld joint figure (Fig. 7 d) Fracture is tiltedly worn whole section of weld joint, weld seam each several part fracture difference is obvious, and some areas fracture betides the weld seam fracture that the melt run place forms similar employing 2319 welding wires.
Fig. 8 is for filling 2319 welding wire weld seam stretching fracture shape appearance figures, some areas are distributing and are having the dimple of obvious ductile rupture feature, some areas distribute can see the ridge columnar fracture produced under the cleavage fracture pattern, so this is the fracture that a kind of ductile rupture and cleavage fracture mode mixture exist.
Fill 4043 welding wire weld seam stretching fracture patterns as shown in Figure 9, the fracture size dimple comparatively uniformly that distributing, be the fracture that a kind of ductile rupture forms.
Claims (2)
1. a laser fills silk and connects the method for 2XXX and 7XXX series heterogeneity aluminum alloy, and it is characterized in that: at first material surface to be welded is assembled into banjo fixing butt jointing by two kinds of aluminium alloy plates to be welded after cleaning; Wherein laser beam, wire feed nozzle are fixed in same plane with the protection gas jets, and the wire feed nozzle lays respectively at the both sides of laser beam with protecting gas jets, and laser beam incident is to surface of steel plate, and incidence angle is the angle of laser beam and vertical direction, between 0-15 °; Angle between aluminium alloy welding wire and mother metal surface is the wire feed angle, between 45-60 °; Angle between protection gas jets and mother metal surface is protection air horn degree, between 45-55 °;
Aluminium alloy welding wire falls, and silk is put and the spacing of laser spot is the chevilled silk spacing, during welding, guarantees that laser spot is a little consistent with the sending into of silk point and protective gas that fall of aluminium alloy welding wire, and namely the chevilled silk spacing is 0; Laser spot is that the laser offset amount is between 0.2-0.7mm to the vertical range of docking welded seam of aluminium alloy; The focus of laser beam is positioned on 2XXX aluminium alloy plate 1;
The scope that also needs to regulate laser power in the process of welding is 3.0-3.5kW, and the scope of speed of welding is 3.0-5.0m/min, and the scope of wire feed rate is 2.5-4.0m/min; Welding process need guarantee aluminium alloy welding wire to send into direction opposite with welding direction, welding process adopts helium to do protective gas; The welding wire of sending into weld zone is AlSi or AlCu welding wire, and diameter is between 0.8-1.2mm.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: LASER Light Source is CO
2, Nd:YAG or optical-fiber laser any one.
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