CN112355420A - Optical fiber laser aluminum-copper butt fusion brazing method based on welding wire deep melting behavior - Google Patents
Optical fiber laser aluminum-copper butt fusion brazing method based on welding wire deep melting behavior Download PDFInfo
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- CN112355420A CN112355420A CN202011098328.3A CN202011098328A CN112355420A CN 112355420 A CN112355420 A CN 112355420A CN 202011098328 A CN202011098328 A CN 202011098328A CN 112355420 A CN112355420 A CN 112355420A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/005—Soldering by means of radiant energy
- B23K1/0056—Soldering by means of radiant energy soldering by means of beams, e.g. lasers, E.B.
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/19—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
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Abstract
An optical fiber laser aluminum copper butt-joint droplet fusion brazing method belongs to the technical field of laser welding. The welding wire surface is directly radiated by the laser beam in a positive defocusing state, the welding wire absorbs most of laser energy and then melts at a higher wire feeding speed, formed molten drops are continuously radiated by the laser beam and transition into a groove of a base metal while continuously absorbing energy, the molten drops in the groove melt the aluminum base metal to form a molten pool due to continuous injection of the energy, the molten pool is infiltrated and spread on the metal surface on the copper side, the copper base metal is further melted, and finally a fusion brazing joint is formed. By optimizing the shape of the butt joint groove of the aluminum-copper dissimilar materials and selecting the positive defocusing laser beam to directly irradiate the welding wire, the bursting and splashing of welding wire molten drops caused by over-concentrated laser energy are inhibited, and the stability of a molten pool is improved; most of laser energy is absorbed by the molten drop and the molten pool, so that the direct melting behavior of the laser to the copper side parent metal is avoided, and the generation of intermetallic compounds is controlled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical fiber laser aluminum copper butt fusion brazing method based on welding wire deep melting behavior, and belongs to the technical field of laser welding.
Background
In recent years, high-power fiber lasers are rapidly developed due to the improvement of industrial technology and widely applied to the field of welding technology, laser welding has the outstanding advantages of high energy density, high welding speed, good processing flexibility, small structural deformation after welding and the like, and the fiber laser welding technology is applied to metal materials with high laser reflectivity such as aluminum alloy and copper. Aluminum alloy and pure copper are widely applied to industries such as air conditioning refrigeration, rail transit, electronics and electricity, energy and power and the like due to unique performance advantages. The use of mechanical connections (e.g., riveting, bolting) to join aluminum-copper materials tends to increase the weight and cost of the components, and welding techniques are often used in the industry to join dissimilar aluminum-copper materials to address such issues and to obtain composite structures with superior joint performance. However, due to the significant difference in physical properties such as thermal conductivity, melting point, and thermal expansion coefficient between aluminum and copper, cracks, undercuts, and lack of penetration may occur during the welding process.
By adopting the traditional fusion welding method, brittle and hard Al is easily generated at a molten pool and an interface2Cu、AlCu、Al4Cu9And the intermetallic compounds cause insufficient mechanical properties of the joint, and it is difficult to obtain a high-quality joint. While pressure welding can achieve a good performance joint, the pressure welding equipment is complex, costly, inefficient, and limited in weld size and component structure. The brazing with the solder can regulate and control the metallurgical reaction in a molten pool to reduce the generation of intermetallic compounds, but the melting point of aluminum is low, so that the working temperature of the structure is low (the melting temperature of the solder cannot be higher).
In recent years, the laser fusion brazing process is adopted to connect aluminum and copper materials to form a research hotspot, and the low-melting-point aluminum side forms a fusion welding head and the high-melting-point copper side does not melt to form a brazing joint by controlling welding heat input, so that the fusion brazing joint has the advantages of fusion welding and brazing at the same time, and the high-quality and high-efficiency connection of the fusion brazing joint and the brazing joint is realized. However, laser brazing of aluminum and copper also has certain limitations. The absorption rate of aluminum alloy and copper to laser energy is extremely low, when laser energy input is insufficient, aluminum copper dissimilar materials are difficult to melt, metallurgical bonding cannot be realized, when laser energy input is too high, energy distribution between the aluminum alloy and the copper is uneven, so that a copper base metal is excessively melted, and a large amount of intermetallic compounds are formed after a molten pool is solidified to influence the performance of a joint. Aiming at the problem that the melting amount of a copper base metal is difficult to control, when a wire-filling welding process is adopted, how to distribute energy between the base metal and the welding wire in the welding process, reduce the melting amount of the copper base metal and obtain a welding and brazing seam with uniform size and performance is a key problem of laser wire-filling welding and brazing of an aluminum-copper butt welding seam.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an optical fiber laser aluminum-copper butt-welding brazing method based on the deep melting behavior of a welding wire, which designs a unique groove form of an aluminum-copper base metal, utilizes a brand new energy regulation mechanism of directly deep melting the welding wire by laser and heating the copper side base metal, ensures high-speed filling efficiency, improves the solid temperature of the copper base metal, is beneficial to infiltration and spreading of an aluminum molten pool and formation of butt-welding seams of aluminum-copper dissimilar materials, avoids generation of excessive intermetallic compounds, and improves the quality and the performance of a joint.
The optical fiber laser aluminum-copper butt-welding brazing method based on the deep melting behavior of the welding wire is characterized in that an asymmetric U-shaped groove is formed in a butt-joint base metal, and the groove area of a copper matrix is larger than that of an aluminum matrix; directly radiating the surface of the welding wire by using a laser beam, adjusting the laser power and the spot diameter of the laser on the surface of the welding wire, enabling the welding wire to absorb most of the laser energy to melt in a deep melting behavior, and enabling a molten drop to transit into a groove through a liquid bridge and melt an aluminum matrix to form a molten pool; the action positions of the laser and the welding wire are positioned on the central line of the whole groove, and a small part of laser energy acts on the bottom of the groove of the copper matrix, so that the copper matrix is heated, a molten pool is favorably and fully spread in the copper matrix, and metallurgical reaction is carried out on the molten pool and the copper matrix to form an aluminum-copper butt fusion brazing welding seam.
The optical fiber laser aluminum copper butt fusion brazing method based on the deep melting behavior of the welding wire is characterized in that the welding wire AlSi12 with the diameter of 1.2-1.6 mm is adopted.
The optical fiber laser aluminum copper butt-welding brazing method based on the deep melting behavior of the welding wire is characterized in that a groove formed by butt-jointing grooves of base materials is as follows: the groove structure of the aluminum mother material and the groove structure of the copper mother material are in an asymmetric form, the structure of the copper side groove is a half groove, the bottom of the half groove is a plane, the side surface of the half groove is an inclined plane, the plane of the bottom and the inclined plane adopt circular arc smooth transition to form the groove, and the bottom of the half groove is flatWidth of face W10-0.3 mm, 0.5-1 mm of transition arc radius R and single-side bevel angle
The thickness of the plane of the bottom, namely the thickness t of the reserved truncated edge of the bottom is 0.3-0.6 mm; the aluminum side groove structure is a half groove, the side surface is an inclined plane, the groove is formed by directly adopting circular arc smooth transition with a bottom truncated edge, the radius R of the transition circular arc is 0.5-1 mm, and the angle of the single-side groove
The thickness t of the reserved truncated edge at the bottom is 0.3-0.6 mm, and the arc transition surface of the aluminum mother metal groove and the plane of the bottom of the copper mother metal groove are in zero-clearance butt joint to form a groove.
The optical fiber laser aluminum copper butt-welding brazing method based on the deep melting behavior of the welding wire is characterized in that a front wire feeding mode is adopted, the welding wire, the laser beam and the normal line of a workpiece (base metal) are positioned on the same vertical surface, the welding wire and the laser beam are arranged on two sides of the normal line of a substrate at a certain angle, the distance between the laser beam and the optical wire of the welding wire is negative, namely the laser beam directly irradiates the surface of the welding wire; wherein the angle between the welding wire and the normal of the workpiece is 10-20 degrees, the angle between the laser beam and the normal of the workpiece is 30-40 degrees, and the defocusing amount of the laser beam is + 8-15 mm.
The optical fiber laser aluminum copper butt fusion brazing method based on the deep melting behavior of the welding wire is characterized in that the vertical distance between the intersection point of a laser beam and the welding wire and the surface of a workpiece is 1.5-3 mm, and the transition form of the welding wire is liquid bridge transition.
The optical fiber laser aluminum copper butt-joint melting brazing method based on the deep melting behavior of the welding wire is characterized by comprising the following main parameters: the laser power is 4000-5500 w, and the wire feeding speed is 4.0-5.5 m/min.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: by means of the deep melting behavior of the welding wire, the filling speed of the welding seam in the butt joint groove is improved, and meanwhile, most of laser energy is absorbed, so that the melting behavior of the copper side base metal is avoided; by optimizing the shape of the butt joint groove of the aluminum-copper dissimilar materials and applying a small part of laser energy to the copper side groove, the direct melting behavior of the laser to the copper side parent material can be avoided, the temperature of the copper matrix can be improved, the metallurgical reaction between a liquid aluminum molten pool and the solid copper matrix can be facilitated, the generation of a large amount of intermetallic compounds can be avoided, and the forming quality of a welding seam and the performance of a joint can be effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fiber laser aluminum copper butt-joint droplet fusion brazing method;
in the figure: 1. welding wire 2.1060 aluminum alloy 3 groove 4 partial enlarged view 5 molten pool 6 laser beam 7 welding seam 8T 2 red copper;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of groove dimensions;
FIG. 3 is a weld macro topography;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional metallographic view of a joint;
fig. 5 is a SEM image of a copper-side based braze weld.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Examples
Examples the welding process parameters are shown in table 1 below, where P is the laser power and VWThe method is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps of feeding wire, V is welding speed, theta is an included angle between a welding wire and a workpiece normal line, beta is an included angle between a laser beam and the workpiece normal line, delta h is the height of a crossing point of the laser beam and the welding wire from a workpiece plate surface, and f is defocusing amount.
TABLE 1 welding Process parameters
The concrete dimensions of the groove are shown in Table 2, wherein W1Is the width of the bottom plane, R is the radius of the bottom arc,
the angle of the single-side groove is provided, t is the thickness of the bottom reserved truncated edge, and delta is the thickness of the plate.
TABLE 2 groove size
EXAMPLES Using 1060 aluminum alloy and T2 red copper having specifications of 100mm X50 mm X3 mm, the 1060 aluminum alloy and T2 red copper were processed according to the groove size shown in Table 2, the 1060 aluminum alloy was subjected to surface oxide film removal by NaOH solution and 30% HNO solution before welding3The solution neutralizes the residual lye. Copper adopts 30% of H2SO4Acid washing is carried out, and the acid liquor is washed by clear water. After chemical cleaning, the part to be welded is polished by abrasive paper, oil stains are cleaned by acetone, and a welding experiment is immediately carried out after cleaning. Before welding, the plates are fixed according to the figure 1, a zero-clearance butt joint mode is adopted, and the welding wire, the laser beam and the normal line of the workpiece are located on the same plane. Coaxial argon protection is adopted, the flow of protective gas is 20L/min, and Al-Si12 welding wires are filled in the groove, and the components are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 34047 elemental composition of welding wire
The appearance of the welding seam of the embodiment is shown in figure 3, the surface of the welding seam is smooth, the back surface is basically melted through, and no splash is generated. From the gold phase diagram (as shown in figure 4) of the cross section of the welding seam, the melting amount of the copper base material is less, and pores in the joint are obviously inhibited. As can be seen from the SEM image of the copper-side brazing seam (see FIG. 5), the intermetallic compound thickness is thin and uniform, and is about 60 μm.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. An optical fiber laser aluminum-copper butt-welding brazing method based on welding wire deep melting behavior is characterized in that a butt-joint base metal is provided with an asymmetric U-shaped groove, and the groove area of a copper matrix is larger than that of an aluminum matrix; directly radiating the surface of the welding wire by using a laser beam, adjusting the laser power and the spot diameter of the laser on the surface of the welding wire, enabling the welding wire to absorb most of the laser energy to melt in a deep melting behavior, and enabling a molten drop to transit into a groove through a liquid bridge and melt an aluminum matrix to form a molten pool; the action positions of the laser and the welding wire are positioned on the central line of the whole groove, and a small part of laser energy acts on the bottom of the groove of the copper matrix, so that the copper matrix is heated, a molten pool is favorably and fully spread in the copper matrix, and metallurgical reaction is carried out on the molten pool and the copper matrix to form an aluminum-copper butt fusion brazing welding seam.
2. The optical fiber laser aluminum copper butt fusion brazing method based on the deep melting behavior of the welding wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein the welding wire AlSi12 with the diameter of 1.2-1.6 mm is adopted.
3. The optical fiber laser aluminum copper butt fusion brazing method based on the deep melting behavior of the welding wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grooves formed by butt joint of the base material grooves are as follows: the groove structure of the aluminum mother material and the groove structure of the copper mother material are in an asymmetric form, the structure of the copper side groove is a half groove, the bottom of the half groove is a plane, the side surface of the half groove is an inclined plane, the bottom plane and the inclined plane adopt circular arc smooth transition to form the groove, and the width W of the bottom plane10-0.3 mm, 0.5-1 mm of transition arc radius R and single-side bevel angle
The thickness of the plane of the bottom, namely the thickness t of the reserved truncated edge of the bottom is 0.3-0.6 mm; the aluminum side groove structure is a half groove, the side surface is an inclined plane, the groove is formed by directly adopting circular arc smooth transition with a bottom truncated edge, the radius R of the transition circular arc is 0.5-1 mm, and the angle of the single-side groove
The thickness t of the reserved truncated edge at the bottom is 0.3-0.6 mm, and the arc transition surface of the aluminum mother metal groove and the plane of the bottom of the copper mother metal groove are in zero-clearance butt joint to form a groove.
4. The optical fiber laser aluminum copper butt fusion brazing method based on the deep melting behavior of the welding wire as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a front wire feeding mode is adopted, the welding wire, the laser beam and the normal line of a workpiece (base metal) are positioned on the same vertical plane, the welding wire and the laser beam are arranged on two sides of the normal line of a substrate at a certain angle, the distance between the laser beam and the light wire of the welding wire is negative, namely the laser beam directly irradiates the surface of the welding wire; wherein the angle between the welding wire and the normal of the workpiece is 10-20 degrees, the angle between the laser beam and the normal of the workpiece is 30-40 degrees, and the defocusing amount of the laser beam is + 8-15 mm.
5. The optical fiber laser aluminum copper butt fusion brazing method based on the deep melting behavior of the welding wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vertical distance between the intersection point of the laser beam and the welding wire and the surface of the workpiece is 1.5-3 mm, and the transition form of the welding wire is liquid bridge transition.
6. The optical fiber laser aluminum copper butt-joint melt brazing method based on the welding wire deep melting behavior is characterized in that the optical fiber laser aluminum copper butt-joint melt dripping melt brazing method comprises the following main parameters: the laser power is 4000-5500 w, and the wire feeding speed is 4.0-5.5 m/min.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113146037A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-23 | 北京工业大学 | Laser high-speed spiral spot welding method for aluminum/copper dissimilar material thin plate |
| CN114310000A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏格兰环境科技有限公司 | Composite welding type vinylidene fluoride cracking furnace tube and welding method thereof |
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| CN114310000A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏格兰环境科技有限公司 | Composite welding type vinylidene fluoride cracking furnace tube and welding method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210212 |