CN102145420A - Laser penetration brazing method for dissimilar alloy - Google Patents
Laser penetration brazing method for dissimilar alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN102145420A CN102145420A CN 201110090692 CN201110090692A CN102145420A CN 102145420 A CN102145420 A CN 102145420A CN 201110090692 CN201110090692 CN 201110090692 CN 201110090692 A CN201110090692 A CN 201110090692A CN 102145420 A CN102145420 A CN 102145420A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser penetration brazing method for dissimilar alloy and belongs to the technical field of laser material processing. The method comprises the following steps of: during welding, allowing a focused laser beam (1) to act on one side of a high-melting-point parent material (5) to realize penetration fusion welding; and controlling a distance d of the laser beam (1) and an interface (6) on the surface of the high-melting-point parent material and an included angle theta between the laser beam (1) and a normal line, forming a high-melting-point parent material solid state intermediate layer (2) on the high-melting-point parent material side close to the interface (6), melting a low-melting-point parent material (4) through the heat conduction of the high-melting-point parent material solid state intermediate layer (2), and spreading and soaking the high-melting-point parent material (5) on a melted low-melting-point parent material layer (3) to realize the laser penetration brazing of the dissimilar alloy. The laser energy utilization rate and welding efficiency are obviously improved, and the welding of a dissimilar alloy plate with a certain thickness can be realized. The influence of mixing two kinds of metal liquid states at the interface to generate a complex and brittle intermetallic compound on joint quality is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dark melt-brazing method of laser of different alloys, belong to the Materialbearbeitung mit Laserlicht technical field.
Background technology
Along with science and technology development, modern industry has proposed higher, harsher requirement to component performance, except that conventional mechanical property, also require to have many-sided performances such as elevated temperature strength, wearability, corrosion resistance, low-temperature flexibility, anti-radiation property, magnetic, electric conductivity, thermal conductivity, be in the consideration of economical and energy saving aspect simultaneously, require cheap more, lightweight.Single metal material of planting is difficult to satisfy these instructions for uses simultaneously, even have certain metal material relative ideal, also normal because very rare, cost an arm and a leg, can not use in a large number.Simultaneously entire equipment adopts the precious metal manufacturing, production process complexity not only, and cost improves, and the more important thing is and may cause waste of material, does not meet conservation-minded society's demand for development.The characteristics of foreign material welded unit are the advantages separately that can maximally utilise material, receive the effect of " making the best use of everything ".Can not only satisfy of the different requirements of different operating condition, and can save precious metal, reduce the structural entity cost, give full play to the performance advantage of different materials material.
Aspect Aero-Space, the fin of aircraft cabin is welded to 3003 aluminium alloy vanes on the titanium alloy tube and makes; NASA YF-12 fighter plane wing made in U.S.A has adopted honeycomb sandwich construction, and aluminum alloy honeycomb interlayer in titanium alloy covering and the wing box is coupled together, and adopts design like this, and aircraft had both been saved production cost, had also alleviated aircraft weight simultaneously, had improved anti-fatigue performance.In automobile industry, Titan company of German Germany has developed a kind of automobile steel/aluminium gas extraction system, compares weight saving 40% with steel exhaust systems.At refrigeration industry, be representative with the refrigerator, its refrigeration heat converter adopts aluminium/brazing bonded composite structures, and its weight and cost all descend significantly, thereby are subjected to the wide application of sending out.
But the welding between the dissimilar metal is subjected to intersolubility and forms the restriction of problems such as intermetallic compound, has very big difficulty.When two kinds of metals do not possess completely intersolubility or physical and chemical performance and differ greatly, can produce the intermetallic compound and the eutectic of fragility.If intermetallic compound is distributed between the alloy grain with superfine field trash form, then may be harmless fully; And if appear at intergranule with band shape or needle-like, or between two kinds of metals intermediate layer appears, the danger that causes the metal brittle fracture is just arranged.With aluminium/titanium, aluminum/steel dissimilar metal solder is example, two kinds of physical chemistry of metal nature difference are very big, at room temperature do not satisfy simultaneously the intersolubility condition, when welding, form intermetallic compound on the contact-making surface of two kinds of alloys, and its speed of growth is very fast, controls improperly will be covered with whole joint, and intermetallic compound has low extensibility and easy fracture performance, show strong stress and concentrate tendency, can cause rapid brittle fracture.Therefore, how to control compound growth between brittle metal, perhaps changing the form of the compound that generates and distributing to become the key that solves dissimilar metal welding problem.
The method of attachment of foreign material at present mainly contains soldering, diffusion welding (DW), friction welding (FW) etc.The conventional method complex process, the condition harshness, and also the weld properties that obtains is not high.Compare with traditional welding method, laser weld has the energy density height, and the location is accurate, and the hot input quantity of welding process concentrates heat affecting little, and welding is short action time, can effectively suppress the generation of intermetallic compound fragility phase.The implementation of laser weld mainly contains laser fusion welding, the molten soldering of laser and laser and melts soldering etc. deeply.
When adopting laser fusion welding, for fear of or reduce by two kinds of liquid metals and mix the influence that forms intermetallic compounds.Employing is added metal forming as the intermediate layer between dissimilar metal, can obtain good, the flawless joint of moulding like this, but the intensity of joint is not high and have bigger discreteness.The molten soldering of laser is a difference of utilizing fusing point between two kinds of mother metals, and the laser action that defocuses is at high-melting-point mother metal place, and it is solid-state that the high-melting-point mother metal keeps, and by heat conduction fusing low melting point mother metal, forms molten soldering joint.Two kinds of metal liquid phases were mixed and are generated compound between brittle metal when the method had been avoided melting welding, but owing to adopt hot conduction mode welding, be subjected to heat conducting restriction, the laser melt-brazing method only is suitable for welding thin plate, owing to metal material under the thermal conductance pattern is low to the absorptivity of laser, the utilization rate of laser energy and welding efficiency are not high, process window is narrow simultaneously.The molten deeply soldering of laser is to adopt the laser that focuses on to act directly on low-melting alloy one side, makes the low melting point mother metal realize penetration fustion welding, and Rong Hua mother metal forms brazed joint as solder and unfused high-melting-point mother metal simultaneously.Thisly avoided two kinds of metal liquids to mix forming a large amount of intermetallic compounds, but the welding process stability and the appearance of weld of this welding method are relatively poor, occur the incomplete fusion phenomenon easily at the interface, influence properties of its welded joints.
Summary of the invention
At the problems referred to above, the objective of the invention is to adopt the laser beam of high power, high light beam quality, develop the dark melt-brazing method of a kind of efficient, high-quality different alloys laser.Adopting the laser beam that focuses on to act on high-melting-point mother metal one side realizes dark molten, and the molten bath and at the interface control form the solid-state intermediate layer of certain thickness high-melting-point mother metal, make the fusing of low melting point mother metal by the heat conduction of the solid-state intermediate layer of high-melting-point mother metal, liquid low-melting-point metal is sprawled and is soaked into the high-melting-point parent material interface, realizes the connection of different alloys.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme of the dark melt-brazing method of a kind of different alloys laser of the present invention is may further comprise the steps:
During welding, the laser beam of focusing (1) acts on high-melting-point mother metal (5) one sides and realizes penetration fustion welding; Control laser beam (1) and interface (6) are in the lip-deep angle theta apart from d and laser beam (1) and normal of high-melting-point mother metal, locate to form the solid-state intermediate layer of high-melting-point mother metal (2) in high-melting-point mother metal side near interface (6), heat conduction by the solid-state intermediate layer of high-melting-point mother metal (2) makes low melting point mother metal (4) fusing, the low melting point mother metal layer (3) of fusing is sprawled and is soaked into high-melting-point mother metal (5), realizes that the molten deeply soldering of laser of different alloys connects.
Described laser beam (1) is lip-deep at the high-melting-point mother metal with interface (6) to be 0.5-1.2mm apart from d, and laser beam (1) is 0-12 ° with normal angle.
Described high-melting-point mother metal is steel, titanium alloy, and the low melting point mother metal is aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy.
Basic principle of the present invention is:
For producing intermetallic compound aluminium/steel, aluminium/titanium, magnesium/steel, magnesium/titanium different alloys joint, in the welding process, adopt high-power laser beam with high light beam quality, the laser beam of focusing acts on the higher mother metal of fusing point one side and realizes penetration fustion welding; Adjust laser energy incident angle and side-play amount simultaneously, the input of control laser energy, make and keep certain thickness solid-state intermediate layer between the molten bath of high-melting-point mother metal side and the interface, make the fusing of low melting point mother metal by the heat conduction of the solid-state intermediate layer of high-melting-point mother metal, liquid low melting point mother metal is sprawled and is soaked into the high-melting-point parent material interface, realizes the dark molten soldering of different alloys.
Adopt welding method of the present invention, the fusing of high-melting-point mother metal realizes by the Laser Deep Penetration Welding pattern in the welding process, with based on the laser of hot conduction mode molten deeply soldering compare, utilization ratio of laser energy, welding efficiency are improved significantly, and can realize having simultaneously the welding of certain thickness different alloys sheet material.Simultaneously, focussed laser beam acts on high-melting-point mother metal one side, makes high-melting-point alloy realize penetration fustion welding, has improved quality of weld seam molding and welding process stability.
By regulating the distance between laser beam and the interface, the variation of solid-state layer thickness of control high-melting-point mother metal side has realized the adjusting to the hot input quantity of low melting point mother metal one side then during welding.Result of the test shows: if the distance between laser beam and the interface is during less than 0.5mm, side-play amount is too small, and solid layer easily is melted in the middle of the high-melting-point mother metal, with liquid low melting point mother metal generation vigorous reaction, produces a large amount of intermetallic compounds; If side-play amount is greater than 1.2mm, side-play amount is excessive, and heat loss in heat transfer process is excessive, can not realize the fusing of low melting point mother metal, thereby can't form effective connection.During welding, what liquid low-melting-point metal soaked into be solid-state high-melting-point parent material interface, and this has just been avoided at the interface that two kinds of metal liquids mix the influence of compound butt joint quality between the complicated brittle metal of generation.
In addition,, make the Energy distribution of interface vertical direction even, improve the dark molten infiltrating influence of bottom, soldering median surface energy less liquid towards low melting point mother metal, can realize the dark molten soldering of certain thickness sheet material by the deflection laser incident angle.Because the distance between laser beam and the interface can not surpass 1.2mm, at laser beam and normal angle during greater than 12 °, the energy of laser acts directly on two kinds of alloy interfaces in the weld seam bottom, cause two kinds of alloys to melt in the lump, can not control the formation of compound between brittle metal.
In sum, the dark melt-brazing method of a kind of different alloys laser of the present invention, the laser beam of employing high light beam quality is realized the welding of certain thickness different alloys sheet material, welding procedure is simple, welding efficiency, utilization ratio of laser energy height, welding process stability is improved greatly, has suppressed the generation of intermetallic compound at the interface preferably, improve the wetting capacity of sprawling of liquid low-melting-point metal at the interface, realized good appearance of weld.Simultaneously, welding does not need to add solder, has reduced environmental pollution and has saved cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the molten deeply soldering welding process schematic diagram of different alloys laser
Wherein: 1. laser beam, the 2. solid-state intermediate layer of high-melting-point mother metal, 3. melting zone, 4. low melting point mother metal, 5. high-melting-point mother metal, 6. distance, the θ laser beam (1) and its normal angle at interface, d. laser beam (1) and interface (6) of low melting point mother metal side.
Fig. 2, the aluminium alloy-titanium alloy seam cross-section moulding figure that adopts the embodiment of the invention 1 to weld.
Fig. 3: the aluminium alloy-titanium alloy seam cross-section moulding figure that adopts the embodiment of the invention 2 welding.
The specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
During welding, the laser beam of focusing (1) acts on high-melting-point mother metal (5) one sides and realizes penetration fustion welding; Control laser beam (1) and interface (6) are in the lip-deep angle theta apart from d and laser beam (1) and normal of high-melting-point mother metal, locate to form the solid-state intermediate layer of high-melting-point mother metal (2) in high-melting-point mother metal side near interface (6), heat conduction by the solid-state intermediate layer of high-melting-point mother metal (2) makes low melting point mother metal (4) fusing, the low melting point mother metal layer (3) of fusing is sprawled and is soaked into high-melting-point mother metal (5), realizes that the molten deeply soldering of laser of different alloys connects.
Described laser beam (1) is lip-deep at the high-melting-point mother metal with interface (6) to be 0.5-1.2mm apart from d, and laser beam (1) is 0-12 ° with normal angle.
The optical fiber laser of example 1, employing wavelength 1070nm, focussed laser beam (1) vertical incidence are in titanium alloy one side, and laser beam (1) is 0.6mm with interface (6) apart from d.Aluminum alloy materials is: 6061, and titanium alloy: TC4, thickness: 3mm; Laser power 3100W.Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of above parameter weld seam, and the intermetallic compounds layer maximum ga(u)ge that top, weld interface generates is 10 μ m, between lower metal there is not substantially compound.
The optical fiber laser of example 2, employing wavelength 1070nm, focussed laser beam (1) oblique incidence is in titanium alloy one side, and wherein laser beam and normal angle are 6 °, and laser beam (1) is 0.6mm with interface (6) apart from d.Aluminum alloy materials is: 6061, and titanium alloy: TC4, thickness: 3mm; Laser power 3100W.Fig. 3 is the cross section moulding figure of above parameter weld seam, and the weld interface generates compound layer between even metal, and thickness is about 5 μ m.
Adopt open defects such as gained weld seam flawless of the present invention, pore as can be seen by Fig. 2,3, welding process is stable, because there is solid-state intermediate layer in titanium alloy at the interface, has avoided two kinds of metal liquids to mix and produced thicker intermetallic compounds layer simultaneously, joint performance improves.
Claims (3)
1. the dark melt-brazing method of different alloys laser is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps: during welding, the laser beam of focusing (1) acts on high-melting-point mother metal (5) one sides and realizes penetration fustion welding; Control laser beam (1) and interface (6) are in the lip-deep angle theta apart from d and laser beam (1) and normal of high-melting-point mother metal, locate to form the solid-state intermediate layer of high-melting-point mother metal (2) in high-melting-point mother metal side near interface (6), heat conduction by the solid-state intermediate layer of high-melting-point mother metal (2) makes low melting point mother metal (4) fusing, the low melting point mother metal layer (3) of fusing is sprawled and is soaked into high-melting-point mother metal (5), realizes that the molten deeply soldering of laser of different alloys connects.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described laser beam (1) is lip-deep at the high-melting-point mother metal with interface (6) to be 0.5-1.2mm apart from d, laser beam (1) is 0-12 ° with normal angle.
3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described high-melting-point mother metal is steel, titanium alloy, the low melting point mother metal is aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy.
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| CN 201110090692 CN102145420A (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2011-04-12 | Laser penetration brazing method for dissimilar alloy |
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103495804A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2014-01-08 | 哈尔滨恒普激光应用技术有限公司 | Method for controlling dissimilar-material laser welding molten bath metallurgy |
| CN103659070A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-03-26 | 孙建康 | Dissimilar metal plate welding method |
| CN103737188A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-23 | 孙建康 | Welding method for dissimilar metal |
| JP2016087688A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-23 | ヂュジィ スーベイダー マシーナリー カンパニーリミテッドＺｈｕｊｉ Ｓｉｂｅｉｄａ Ｍａｃｈｉｎｅｒｙ Ｃｏ．， Ｌｔｄ | Welding method of copper and steel and application of the same |
| CN103495811B (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2016-06-08 | 佛山晓世科技服务有限公司 | A kind of welding compound tube and manufacture method and application |
| CN106270878A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-01-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | The magnesium titanium laser welding-brazing of a kind of nickel coating auxiliary connects method |
| CN106270876A (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2017-01-04 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of aluminium lithium alloy and titanium alloy electron beam melt pricker welding method |
| CN106270879A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-01-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | The magnesium of a kind of coating assistant regulating and controlling and steel foreign material laser welding-brazing method |
| CN106513892A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-03-22 | 北京工业大学 | Double-beam laser deep penetration brazing method applicable to moderately thick plate aluminum/steel dissimilar alloy connection |
| CN106964899A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-07-21 | 长沙理工大学 | Method for connecting dissimilar materials by laser deep melting-brazing |
| EP3599047A1 (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-01-29 | Ceratizit Luxembourg Sàrl | Component and method of joining a first and a second area using energy beam welding |
| CN110891728A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2020-03-17 | 联邦科学和工业研究组织 | Method of bonding and sealing vanadium-based film to metal connection portion |
| CN112355420A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-02-12 | 北京工业大学 | Optical fiber laser aluminum-copper butt fusion brazing method based on welding wire deep melting behavior |
| CN114101706A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-01 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Laser additive manufacturing method for heterogeneous metal |
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| JPS56151188A (en) * | 1980-04-24 | 1981-11-24 | Toshiba Corp | Welding method |
| JP2005254282A (en) * | 2004-03-11 | 2005-09-22 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method for manufacturing butt-welded metallic plates by laser |
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Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103495811B (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2016-06-08 | 佛山晓世科技服务有限公司 | A kind of welding compound tube and manufacture method and application |
| CN103495804A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2014-01-08 | 哈尔滨恒普激光应用技术有限公司 | Method for controlling dissimilar-material laser welding molten bath metallurgy |
| CN103495804B (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2016-05-18 | 哈尔滨恒普激光应用技术有限公司 | The metallurgical control method in a kind of laser weld foreign material molten bath |
| CN103659070A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-03-26 | 孙建康 | Dissimilar metal plate welding method |
| CN103737188A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-23 | 孙建康 | Welding method for dissimilar metal |
| CN103737188B (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2016-03-02 | 佛山晓世科技服务有限公司 | The welding method of dissimilar metal |
| JP2016087688A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-23 | ヂュジィ スーベイダー マシーナリー カンパニーリミテッドＺｈｕｊｉ Ｓｉｂｅｉｄａ Ｍａｃｈｉｎｅｒｙ Ｃｏ．， Ｌｔｄ | Welding method of copper and steel and application of the same |
| CN106270876A (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2017-01-04 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of aluminium lithium alloy and titanium alloy electron beam melt pricker welding method |
| CN106270878A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-01-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | The magnesium titanium laser welding-brazing of a kind of nickel coating auxiliary connects method |
| CN106270879A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-01-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | The magnesium of a kind of coating assistant regulating and controlling and steel foreign material laser welding-brazing method |
| CN106513892A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-03-22 | 北京工业大学 | Double-beam laser deep penetration brazing method applicable to moderately thick plate aluminum/steel dissimilar alloy connection |
| CN106964899A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-07-21 | 长沙理工大学 | Method for connecting dissimilar materials by laser deep melting-brazing |
| CN106964899B (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2018-08-07 | 长沙理工大学 | Method for connecting dissimilar materials by laser deep melting-brazing |
| CN110891728A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2020-03-17 | 联邦科学和工业研究组织 | Method of bonding and sealing vanadium-based film to metal connection portion |
| CN110891728B (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2021-10-01 | 联邦科学和工业研究组织 | Method of bonding and sealing vanadium-based film to metal connection portion |
| EP3599047A1 (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-01-29 | Ceratizit Luxembourg Sàrl | Component and method of joining a first and a second area using energy beam welding |
| CN112355420A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-02-12 | 北京工业大学 | Optical fiber laser aluminum-copper butt fusion brazing method based on welding wire deep melting behavior |
| CN114101706A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-01 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Laser additive manufacturing method for heterogeneous metal |
| CN114101706B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-08-01 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Heterogeneous metal laser additive manufacturing method |
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Application publication date: 20110810 |