CN102699535A - Magnesium and steel special metal superaudio frequency pulse laser smelting braze-welding wire and welding method - Google Patents
Magnesium and steel special metal superaudio frequency pulse laser smelting braze-welding wire and welding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a magnesium and steel special metal superaudio frequency pulse laser smelting braze-welding wire and a welding method. The welding method comprises the following steps of: forming a beveled edge on a part to be welded of a magnesium alloy and a steel workpiece, and removing oil dirt and an oxidation film from the surface of the workpiece; fixing the magnesium alloy and the steel workpiece on a welding fixture, adjusting the position and the angle of a wire feeding device, automatically feeding the welding wire at a certain angle in front of a laser beam, and protecting a welding seam through argon, wherein the welding wire comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2 to 10 percent of Al, 0.5 to 5 percent of Zn, 0.1 to 1 percent of Sr, 0.05 to 0.2 percent of B, 0.5 to 2 percent of RE and the balance of Mg; and placing the laser beam on one side of the magnesium alloy workpiece in a slightly deviating way, and heating the welding wire and the magnesium alloy workpiece by using superaudio frequency pulse laser to form a smelting pool, wherein the steel workpiece is kept in a solid state substantially in a welding process and acts with liquid magnesium alloy to form a welding joint. The key and common problem that the improvement of the welding quality of Mg/Fe and Mg/Ti immiscible heterogeneous metal is limited is solved, and the application range of laser smelting braze-welding is expanded.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of welding material, the present invention also relates to a kind of welding method.
Background technology
Magnesium and magnesium alloy be as structural timber the lightest in the metal, has high specific strength, high-dimensional stability, high damping shock absorption property and characteristics such as easy to be recycled, is described as " 21 century green engineering material ".The composite construction that magnesium and steel form has a series of excellent properties such as high-strength light, energy absorption, shielding be good, in fields such as automobile, Aero-Space, telecommunications, is used widely.For example, in the aerospace craft design, adopt magnesium-steel composites structure can take into account whole loss of weight and carry the requirement that strengthens with the part, this composite construction is a kind of development trend for the Aero-Space key member; In auto industry, the composite construction to magnesium and steel has proposed application demand equally.In addition, magnesium-steel composite component also has great potential use value in fields such as survey of deep space, lunar exploration engineering, bullet train and large ships.And the solution of magnesium/steel foreign material interconnection technique problem then is the prerequisite that this composite construction obtains commercial Application.
Based on the performance advantage of magnesium-steel composites structure, Chinese scholars is being carried out number of research projects aspect magnesium-steel foreign material connection at present, but remains in following deficiency:
1) connection of magnesium-steel dissimilar metal is confined to solid phase connection aspect more: like diffusion welding (DW), friction stir welding, resistance spot welding etc., these methods are subject to the restriction of workpiece shape and size, and efficient is low, are difficult to satisfy production demand.
2) molten (pricker) welding connection method of existing magnesium-steel fails effectively to solve both Welding Problems: to both fusing point difference is big, mutual solubility is little, no intermediate reaction generates mutually problems; How to solve at present, but the problem of oxidation of the loss of welding process intermediate layer material and magnesium alloy is an essential defective that is difficult to overcome through middle paper tinsel layer or coating mode.Present still untapped melting welding with practical value or the melt-brazing method provided.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of magnesium and molten soldering of steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser that can improve wetability to connect welding wire.The present invention also aims to provide a kind of and be applicable to that the magnesium and the molten soldering of steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser of welding between the dissimilar metal that fusing point difference is big, mutual solubility is little, no intermediate reaction generates mutually connect method.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this:
The percentage by weight that the molten soldering of magnesium of the present invention and steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser connects welding wire consists of: Al:2-10%, Zn:0.5-5%, Sr:0.1-1%, B:0.05-0.2%, RE:0.5-2%, surplus is Mg.
The molten soldering of magnesium of the present invention and steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser connects soldering method and is:
Step 1: the position to be welded at magnesium alloy and steel workpiece processes groove, and removes the greasy dirt and the oxide-film of surface of the work;
Step 2: magnesium alloy and steel workpiece are fixed on the weld jig, regulate the position and the angle of wire feeder, welding wire is sent into from laser beam the place ahead at a certain angle automatically, and utilizes the argon gas butt welded seam to protect;
Step 3: laser beam is offset to magnesium alloy workpiece one side slightly, utilizes superaudio pulse laser heating welding wire and magnesium alloy workpiece to form the molten bath, and that steel workpiece is kept in welding process basically is solid-state, interacting with liquid magnesium alloy forms soldered fitting.
Method of the present invention can also comprise:
1, the frequency of said superaudio pulse laser pulse is at 20kW-50kW, and power P is at 1kW-10kW.
2, speed of welding is 0.1m/min-10m/min.
3, gage of wire is between 0.8-2.0mm, and wire feed rate is 0.5m/min-10m/min.
4, the position of said adjusting wire feeder and angle are that to make the angle theta of welding wire and workpiece be 15 °-45 °.
5, to send into automatically at a certain angle from laser beam the place ahead be that to make the angle Φ of laser head and workpiece be 80 °-100 ° to said welding wire.
6, the position to be welded butt joint of magnesium alloy and steel workpiece, the groove that processes at the position to be welded of magnesium alloy and steel workpiece is a V-butt.
7, butt joint is taken at the position to be welded of magnesium alloy and steel workpiece, and the groove that processes at the position to be welded of magnesium alloy and steel workpiece is a single V groove with root face.
To the problem that exists in the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of based on molten soldering welding wire of the superaudio pulse laser that adds alloying element and welding method.During welding, regulate and control interfacial reaction, improve solder wetting property through in the magnesium solder, adding alloying element (like Al, B, Sr, RE etc.); Utilize pulse laser heating solder and magnesium alloy mother metal to form the molten bath simultaneously, on the one hand, the laser with high order focusing energy can be at the moment molten pool metal that gasifies; On the other hand, the boiling point that magnesium elements is lower (1090 ℃) has been strengthened the moment vaporization ability of laser.Therefore; During the laser irradiation molten bath, will produce the material evaporation of moment; The evaporation recoil strength acts on molten pool metal and forms mechanical oscillation; When pulse laser frequency and oscillation energy reach supersonic frequency, this mechanical oscillation will be in the molten bath the inner cavitation (producing countless high pressure cavitation bubbles and explosion at any time) that forms.This cavitation will produce trickle partial high pressure bombardment on magnesium/steel interface, thereby this oxide-film, the reduction molten metal surface that will effectively remove the steel surface on the one hand can improve solder wetting and sprawl effect; This on the other hand cavitation will greatly influence the joint metallurgical process, play two kinds of effects of crystal grain thinning and uniform formation, because cavitation will change the molten pool metal crystalline state and compound layer between interface metal is had the homogenising treatment effect.The present invention is to solving the key and the common problem of restriction Mg/Fe, the non-dissimilar metal welding quality raising of dissolving each other of Mg/Ti, and the range of application that the molten soldering of expanded laser light connects has important significance for theories and practical applications and is worth.
The effect of various alloying elements is respectively in the welding wire of the present invention: 1) Al and Mg form limit solid solution, are prone to form compound between Fe and the Al, and Al can improve the mobile of liquid Mg and improve it in steel wetting of surfaces property; 2) Zn can improve the flowability of molten magnesium alloy, also has crystal grain thinning and precipitation strength effect; 3) Sr and B acting in conjunction can reduce the liquid magnesium alloy phase line, improve the flowability of magnesium alloy, and the refinement microstructure is improved magnesium alloy in steel wetting of surfaces spreading ability; 4) the RE rare earth element not only can improve the flowability of magnesium alloy effectively, and can improve mechanics or other performances of magnesium alloy simultaneously.Carry out melting according to the kind of alloying element and percentage and prepare magnesium alloy ingot, and then process the alloying element magnesium weld line.
Effect of the present invention can reduce:
1, the surface of alloying element (Al, Zn, B, Sr, RE etc.) meeting liquid towards solder can produce significantly influence by state; And then improving liquid solder in steel wetting of surfaces spreadability, these neutral elements also may suppress or promote the growth course of some intermetallic compound at the interface.
2, the laser-ultrasound cavitation can produce trickle partial high pressure bombardment on magnesium/steel interface, thereby this oxide-film, the reduction molten metal surface that will effectively remove the steel surface on the one hand can improve solder wetting and sprawl effect; This on the other hand cavitation will greatly influence the joint metallurgical process, play two kinds of effects of crystal grain thinning and uniform formation, will change the molten pool metal crystalline state and compound layer between interface metal is had the homogenising treatment effect.
3, the molten bath is applied ultrasonic vibration and can make the air accumulation in the liquid metal, help fully overflowing of gas in the welding pool, thereby reduce or avoided the welding air holes.
4, supersonic source is that pulse laser through supersonic frequency causes that the ultrasonic vibration in liquid molten bath produces, and does not need extra ultrasonic-frequency power supply and horn, be a kind of reliably, efficiently, molten soldering cheaply connects new method.
5, this method is utilized instantaneous vaporization ability of high-energy-density laser and the low characteristics of magnesium elements gasification temperature; Thereby the batch (-type) gasification recoil strength that the molten bath produces is formed the machinery concussion produce cavitation, the wetting and spreading performance of appreciable impact motlten metal and joint metallurgical process.
6, adopt the method; Be expected to solve in the non-dissimilar metal that dissolves each other need to add in the middle of problems such as the complex procedures brought of paper tinsel layer or coating, cost height, joint performance difference, this provides a kind of new means for low cost and the high efficiency welding production that realizes the non-metals that dissolve each other such as Mg/Fe, Mg/Ti.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sketch map that the molten soldering of superaudio pulse laser connects magnesium-steel banjo fixing butt jointing welder;
Fig. 2 is the sketch map of the molten soldering circle magnesium of superaudio pulse laser-steel lap joint welder;
Fig. 3 is the metallograph of magnesium-steel dissimilar metal banjo fixing butt jointing;
Fig. 4 is the metallograph of magnesium-steel dissimilar metal lap joint.
The specific embodiment
For example the present invention is done description in more detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Consisting of Al:2-10%, Zn:0.5-5%, Sr:0.1-1%, B:0.05-0.2%, RE:0.5-2%, surplus according to percentage by weight is the ratio of Mg, alloying element is carried out melting prepare magnesium alloy ingot, and then process the alloying element magnesium weld line.
The percentage by weight composition of alloying element is preferably: Al:4-8%, Zn:1-4%, Sr:0.4-0.8%, B:0.1-0.15%, RE:1-1.5%, surplus are Mg.
The percentage by weight composition of alloying element is preferably: Al:6%, Zn:3%, Sr:0.5%, B:0.13%, RE:1.2%, surplus are Mg.
The percentage by weight composition of alloying element is preferably: Al:4%, Zn:1%, Sr:0.4%, B:0.1%, RE:1%, surplus are Mg.
The percentage by weight composition of alloying element is preferably: Al:8%, Zn:4%, Sr:0.8%, B:0.15%, RE:1.5%, surplus are Mg.
In conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the molten soldering of magnesium of the present invention and steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser connects method and realizes by means of constituting welder by fiber ring laser system 4, laser head 7, wire feeder 10, magnesium alloy solder wire 8, wire feeding mouth 9 and argon gas nozzle 5 etc.Enumerate the concrete implementation of two kinds of methods of the present invention below.
The specific embodiment one:
In conjunction with Fig. 1, it is the embodiment that the molten soldering of superaudio pulse laser connects magnesium-steel banjo fixing butt jointing, the welding method step following:
Step 1: for promoting the wetting and spreading property of liquid magnesium alloy on steel plate 1 effectively,, polished and clean in groove face and both sides, remove the greasy dirt and the oxide-film of surface of the work with the position to be welded processing forming V-shape or the single V groove with root face of workpiece.
Step 2: before the welding, steel plate 1 and magnesium plate 3 are fixed on the weld jig, regulate the position and the angle of wire feeding mouth 9, guarantee welding wire 8 from laser beam 6 the place aheads at a certain angle θ send into automatically, and utilize argon gas nozzle 5 butt welded seams 2 to protect.
Step 3: in the welding process; Laser beam 6 is offset to magnesium alloy 3 side 0.2mm-0.8mm slightly; The power density through regulating optical fiber laser 4 and the wire feed rate of wire feeder 10 realize the accurate control to the sweating heat input quantity, utilize superaudio pulse laser beam 6 to heat magnesium alloy solder wire 8 and mother metal 3 formation molten baths, and that steel 1 is kept in welding process basically is solid-state; Form soldered seam 2 with the liquid magnesium alloy interaction, thus the compound joint that acquisition has melting welding and soldering double grading.
Step 4: set welding condition according to actual conditions; Laser pulse frequency is at 20kW-50kW, and laser power P is at 0.1kW-10kW, and speed of welding is 0.1m/min-10m/min; Gage of wire is between 0.8-2.0mm; Wire feed rate is 0.5m/min-10m/min, and the angle theta of welding wire and workpiece is 15 °-45 °, and the angle Φ of laser head and workpiece is 80 °-100 °.
Step 5: after the welding, butt welded seam is shaped and joint performance detects.Result of the test shows, combines superaudio pulse laser melt-brazing method can obtain the weld seam (see figure 3) that is shaped good through adding neutral element, and the strength of joint coefficient reaches more than 0.85.
The specific embodiment two:
In conjunction with Fig. 2, it is following that it is that the molten soldering of superaudio pulse laser connects the embodiment welding method step of magnesium-steel lap joint:
Step 1: workpiece square groove to be welded or open monolateral Y type groove in magnesium alloy 3 sides, use sand paper and acetone to be polished in surface of the work and both sides and clean, remove the greasy dirt and the oxide-film of surface of the work.
Step 2: the workpiece that surface treatment is clean is combined into lap joint, and (magnesium alloy plate 3 is last; Steel plate 1 is following); Regulate the position and the angle of wire feeding mouth 9, make welding wire 8 from laser beam 6 the place aheads at a certain angle θ send into automatically, and utilize argon gas nozzle 5 butt welded seams 2 to protect.
Step 3: in the welding process; Realize accurate control through the power density of adjusting optical fiber laser 4 and the wire feed rate of wire feeder 10 to the sweating heat input quantity; Utilize superaudio pulse laser beam 6 heating magnesium alloy solder wire 8 and mother metal 3 formation molten baths; And that steel 1 is kept in welding process basically is solid-state, and interacting with liquid magnesium alloy forms soldered seam 2, thereby obtains compound joint with melting welding and soldering double grading.
Step 4: set welding condition according to actual conditions; Laser pulse frequency is at 20kW-50kW, and laser power P is at 0.1kW-10kW, and speed of welding is 0.1m/min-10m/min; Gage of wire is between 0.8-2.0mm; Wire feed rate is 0.5m/min-10m/min, and the angle theta of welding wire and workpiece is 15 °-45 °, and the angle Φ of laser head and workpiece is 80 °-100 °.
Step 5: after the welding, butt welded seam is shaped and joint performance detects.Result of the test shows, combines superaudio pulse laser melt-brazing method can obtain the weld seam (see figure 4) that is shaped good through adding neutral element, the shear strength of joint high by 25% than under the no ultrasonic situation.
Claims (9)
1. the molten soldering of magnesium and steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser connects welding wire, and it is characterized in that percentage by weight consists of: Al:2-10%, Zn:0.5-5%, Sr:0.1-1%, B:0.05-0.2%, RE:0.5-2%, surplus is Mg.
2. the molten soldering of magnesium and steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser connects soldering method, it is characterized in that:
Step 1: the position to be welded at magnesium alloy and steel workpiece processes groove, and removes the greasy dirt and the oxide-film of surface of the work;
Step 2: magnesium alloy and steel workpiece are fixed on the weld jig, regulate the position and the angle of wire feeder, welding wire is sent into from laser beam the place ahead at a certain angle automatically, and utilizes the argon gas butt welded seam to protect; The percentage by weight of said welding wire consists of: Al:2-10%, Zn:0.5-5%, Sr:0.1-1%, B:0.05-0.2%, RE:0.5-2%, and surplus is Mg;
Step 3: laser beam is offset to magnesium alloy workpiece one side slightly, utilizes superaudio pulse laser heating welding wire and magnesium alloy workpiece to form the molten bath, and that steel workpiece is kept in welding process basically is solid-state, interacting with liquid magnesium alloy forms soldered fitting.
3. the molten soldering of magnesium according to claim 2 and steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser connects soldering method, it is characterized in that: the position to be welded butt joint of magnesium alloy and steel workpiece, the groove that processes at the position to be welded of magnesium alloy and steel workpiece is a V-butt.
4. the molten soldering of magnesium according to claim 2 and steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser connects soldering method, and it is characterized in that: butt joint is taken at the position to be welded of magnesium alloy and steel workpiece, and the groove that processes at the position to be welded of magnesium alloy and steel workpiece is a single V groove with root face.
5. connect soldering method according to claim 3 or 4 described magnesium and the molten soldering of steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser, it is characterized in that: the frequency of said superaudio pulse laser pulse is at 20kW-50kW, and power P is at 1kW-10kW.
6. connect soldering method according to claim 3 or 4 described magnesium and the molten soldering of steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser, it is characterized in that: speed of welding is 0.1m/min-10m/min.
7. connect soldering method according to claim 3 or 4 described magnesium and the molten soldering of steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser, it is characterized in that: gage of wire is between 0.8-2.0mm, and wire feed rate is 0.5m/min-10m/min.
8. connect soldering method according to claim 3 or 4 described magnesium and the molten soldering of steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser, it is characterized in that: the position of said adjusting wire feeder and angle are that to make the angle theta of welding wire and workpiece be 15 °-45 °.
9. connect soldering method according to claim 3 or 4 described magnesium and the molten soldering of steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser, it is characterized in that: it is that to make the angle Φ of laser head and workpiece be 80 °-100 ° that said welding wire is sent into from laser beam the place ahead at a certain angle automatically.
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| CN114799586A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-07-29 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Combined process method for connecting and destressing multifunctional composite component |
| CN114799586B (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2023-04-11 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Combined process method for connecting and destressing multifunctional composite component |
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