CN102699535B - Magnesium and steel special metal superaudio frequency pulse laser smelting braze-welding wire and welding method - Google Patents
Magnesium and steel special metal superaudio frequency pulse laser smelting braze-welding wire and welding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a magnesium and steel special metal superaudio frequency pulse laser smelting braze-welding wire and a welding method. The welding method comprises the following steps of: forming a beveled edge on a part to be welded of a magnesium alloy and a steel workpiece, and removing oil dirt and an oxidation film from the surface of the workpiece; fixing the magnesium alloy and the steel workpiece on a welding fixture, adjusting the position and the angle of a wire feeding device, automatically feeding the welding wire at a certain angle in front of a laser beam, and protecting a welding seam through argon, wherein the welding wire comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2 to 10 percent of Al, 0.5 to 5 percent of Zn, 0.1 to 1 percent of Sr, 0.05 to 0.2 percent of B, 0.5 to 2 percent of RE and the balance of Mg; and placing the laser beam on one side of the magnesium alloy workpiece in a slightly deviating way, and heating the welding wire and the magnesium alloy workpiece by using superaudio frequency pulse laser to form a smelting pool, wherein the steel workpiece is kept in a solid state substantially in a welding process and acts with liquid magnesium alloy to form a welding joint. The key and common problem that the improvement of the welding quality of Mg/Fe and Mg/Ti immiscible heterogeneous metal is limited is solved, and the application range of laser smelting braze-welding is expanded.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of welding material, the present invention also relates to a kind of welding method.
Background technology
Mg-based hydrogen storage, as structural timber the lightest in metal, has high specific strength, high-dimensional stability, high-damping pinking and the feature such as easy to be recycled, is described as " 21 century green engineering material ".The composite construction that magnesium and steel are formed has a series of excellent properties such as high-strength light, energy absorption, shielding be good, is used widely in the fields such as automobile, Aero-Space, telecommunications.Such as, in aerospace craft design, adopt magnesium-steel composites structure can take into account overall loss of weight and carry with local the requirement strengthened, this composite construction is a kind of development trend for Aero-Space key member; In the automotive industry, equally application demand is proposed to the composite construction of magnesium and steel.In addition, magnesium-steel composite component also has great potential use value in fields such as survey of deep space, moon exploration program, bullet train and large ships.And the solution of magnesium/steel dissimilar material joining technical problem, be then the prerequisite that this composite construction obtains commercial Application.
Based on the performance advantage of magnesium-steel composites structure, current Chinese scholars has carried out a large amount of research work in magnesium-steel dissimilar material joining, but still has the following disadvantages:
1) connection of magnesium-steel dissimilar metal is confined to solid diffusivity aspect more: as diffusion welding (DW), friction stir welding, resistance spot welding etc., these methods are subject to the restriction of workpiece shapes and size, and efficiency is low, are difficult to meet production demand.
2) molten (pricker) welding connection method of existing magnesium-steel fail effectively to solve both Welding Problems: large for both different melting points, mutual solubility is little, the problem that generates mutually without intermediate reaction, how to be solved by middle foil layer or coating mode at present, but the loss of welding process intermediate layer material and the problem of oxidation of magnesium alloy are essential defects being difficult to overcome.Not yet develop the melting welding or melt-brazing method with practical value at present.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of can improve wetability magnesium and steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser melt soldering and connect welding wire.The magnesium welded between the dissimilar metal that the present invention also aims to provide a kind of and be applicable to that different melting points is large, mutual solubility is little, generate mutually without intermediate reaction and steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser melt pricker welding method.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Magnesium of the present invention and steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser melt the percentage by weight that soldering connects welding wire and consist of: Al:2-10%, Zn:0.5-5%, Sr:0.1-1%, B:0.05-0.2%, RE:0.5-2%, surplus is Mg.
Magnesium of the present invention and steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser melt pricker welding method and are:
Step 1: process groove at the position to be welded of magnesium alloy and steel workpiece, and remove greasy dirt and the oxide-film of surface of the work;
Step 2: magnesium alloy and steel workpiece are fixed on weld jig, regulate position and the angle of wire feeder, welding wire is sent at a certain angle automatically from laser beam front, and utilizes argon gas butt welded seam to protect;
Step 3: laser beam is slightly offset to magnesium alloy workpiece side, utilize superaudio pulsed laser heating welding wire and magnesium alloy workpiece to form molten bath, and steel workpiece basic maintenance in welding process is solid-state, interacts form soldered fitting with liquid magnesium alloy.
Method of the present invention can also comprise:
1, the frequency of described superaudio pulse laser pulse is at 20kHz-50kHz, and power P is at 1kW-10kW.
2, speed of welding is 0.1m/min-10m/min.
3, gage of wire is between 0.8-2.0mm, and wire feed rate is 0.5m/min-10m/min.
4, the position of described adjustment wire feeder and angle make the angle theta of welding wire and workpiece be 15 °-45 °.
5, described welding wire is sent at a certain angle automatically from laser beam front is make the angle Φ of laser head and workpiece be 80 °-100 °.
6, the position to be welded docking of magnesium alloy and steel workpiece, the groove processed at the position to be welded of magnesium alloy and steel workpiece is V-butt.
7, the position to be welded overlap joint of magnesium alloy and steel workpiece, the groove processed at the position to be welded of magnesium alloy and steel workpiece is single V groove with root face.
For Problems existing in prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of superaudio pulse laser based on adding alloying element and melts soldering wire and welding method.During welding, regulating and controlling interfacial reaction by adding alloying element (as Al, B, Sr, RE etc.) in magnesium solder, improving solder wetting; Utilize pulsed laser heating solder and magnesium alloy mother metal to form molten bath, on the one hand, the laser with high order focusing energy can at transient evaporation molten pool metal simultaneously; On the other hand, the boiling point (1090 DEG C) that magnesium elements is lower enhances the transient evaporation ability of laser.Therefore, the material evaporation of moment will be produced during laser irradiation molten bath, evaporation recoil strength acts on molten pool metal and forms mechanical oscillation, when pulse laser frequency and oscillation energy reach supersonic frequency, this mechanical oscillation will form cavitation (producing countless high pressure cavitation bubble and explosion at any time) at bath.This cavitation will produce the bombardment of trickle partial high pressure on magnesium/steel interface, this on the one hand by effectively remove steel surface oxide-film, reduce molten metal surface energy thus improve solder wetting and sprawl effect; On the other hand this cavitation is by extreme influence joint metallurgical process, play crystal grain thinning and uniform formation two kinds of effects, because change molten pool metal crystalline state is had Homogenization Treatments effect to compound layer between interface metal by cavitation.The present invention is to the key and the common problem that solve the non-dissimilar metal welding Quality advance that dissolves each other of restriction Mg/Fe, Mg/Ti, and expanded laser light melts the range of application that soldering connects, and has important theory significance and engineer applied value.
In welding wire of the present invention, various alloys producing respectively: 1) Al and Mg forms limit solid solution, and easily form compound between Fe and Al, Al can improve the mobility of liquid Mg and improve it in steel wettability of the surface; 2) Zn can improve the mobility of molten magnesium alloy, also has crystal grain thinning and precipitation strength effect; 3) Sr and B acting in conjunction can reduce liquid magnesium alloy phase line, and improve the mobility of magnesium alloy, refinement microstructure, improves the wetting and spreading ability of magnesium alloy on steel surface; 4) RE rare earth element not only can improve the mobility of magnesium alloy effectively, and can improve mechanics or other performances of magnesium alloy simultaneously.Carry out melting according to the kind of alloying element and percentage and prepare magnesium alloy ingot, and then make alloying element magnesium weld line.
Effect of the present invention can be summarized as:
1, the surface energy state of alloying element (Al, Zn, B, Sr, RE etc.) meeting liquid towards solder produces significantly impact, and then improving the wetting and spreading of liquid solder on steel surface, these neutral elements also may suppress or promote that some intermetallic compound is in the growth course at interface.
2, laser-ultrasound cavitation can produce the bombardment of trickle partial high pressure on magnesium/steel interface, this on the one hand by effectively remove steel surface oxide-film, reduce molten metal surface energy thus improve solder wetting and sprawl effect; On the other hand this cavitation is by extreme influence joint metallurgical process, play crystal grain thinning and uniform formation two kinds of effects, and change molten pool metal crystalline state is had Homogenization Treatments effect to compound layer between interface metal.
3, the air accumulation in liquid metal can be made molten bath applying ultrasonic vibration, be conducive to the abundant spilling of gas in welding pool, thus reduce or avoid the generation of weld blowhole.
4, supersonic source causes the ultrasonic vibration of liquid state molten pool to produce by the pulse laser of supersonic frequency, does not need extra ultrasonic-frequency power supply and ultrasonic transformer, is that a kind of molten soldering that is reliable, efficient, low cost connects new method.
5, the method utilizes the instantaneous vaporization ability of high-energy-density laser and the low feature of magnesium elements gasification temperature, the batch (-type) gasified reverse impulse force that molten bath produces is formed to machinery concussion thus produces cavitation, significantly affects wetting and spreading performance and the joint metallurgical process of motlten metal.
6, the method is adopted, be expected to solve the complex procedures needing to add middle foil layer or coating and bring in the non-dissimilar metal that dissolves each other, the problem such as cost is high, joint performance is poor, this is realize the low cost of the non-metal that dissolves each other such as Mg/Fe, Mg/Ti and high efficiency welding production provides a kind of new means.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that superaudio pulse laser melts that soldering connects magnesium-steel banjo fixing butt jointing welder;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that superaudio pulse laser melts that soldering connects magnesium-steel lap joint welder;
Fig. 3 is the metallograph of magnesium-steel dissimilar metal banjo fixing butt jointing;
Fig. 4 is the metallograph of magnesium-steel dissimilar metal lap joint.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing citing, the present invention is described in more detail:
Consist of Al:2-10%, Zn:0.5-5% according to percentage by weight, Sr:0.1-1%, B:0.05-0.2%, RE:0.5-2%, surplus be the ratio of Mg, alloying element is carried out melting and prepares magnesium alloy ingot, and then make alloying element magnesium weld line.
The percentage by weight composition of alloying element is preferably: Al:4-8%, Zn:1-4%, Sr:0.4-0.8%, B:0.1-0.15%, RE:1-1.5%, surplus are Mg.
The percentage by weight composition of alloying element is preferably: Al:6%, Zn:3%, Sr:0.5%, B:0.13%, RE:1.2%, surplus are Mg.
The percentage by weight composition of alloying element is preferably: Al:4%, Zn:1%, Sr:0.4%, B:0.1%, RE:1%, surplus are Mg.
The percentage by weight composition of alloying element is preferably: Al:8%, Zn:4%, Sr:0.8%, B:0.15%, RE:1.5%, surplus are Mg.
Composition graphs 1 and Fig. 2, magnesium of the present invention and steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser melt pricker welding method and form welder to realize by means of by fiber ring laser system 4, laser head 7, wire feeder 10, magnesium alloy solder wire 8, wire feeding mouth 9 and argon nozzle 5 etc.Enumerate the specific implementation of two kinds of methods of the present invention below.
Detailed description of the invention one:
Composition graphs 1, it is the embodiment that superaudio pulse laser melts that soldering connects magnesium-steel banjo fixing butt jointing, and its welding method step is as follows:
Step 1: for effectively promoting the wetting and spreading of liquid magnesium alloy on steel plate 1, by the position to be welded processing forming V-shape of workpiece or single V groove with root face, polishes to groove face and both sides and cleans, the greasy dirt of removing surface of the work and oxide-film.
Step 2: before welding, is fixed on weld jig by steel plate 1 and magnesium plate 3, regulates the position of wire feeding mouth 9 and angle, ensure welding wire 8 from laser beam 6 front at a certain angle θ automatically send into, and utilize argon nozzle 5 butt welded seam 2 to protect.
Step 3: in welding process, laser beam 6 is slightly offset to magnesium alloy 3 side 0.2mm-0.8mm, the accurate control to welding heat input is realized by the wire feed rate of the power density and wire feeder 10 that regulate optical fiber laser 4, superaudio pulse laser beam 6 is utilized to heat magnesium alloy solder wire 8 and mother metal 3 forms molten bath, and steel 1 basic maintenance in welding process is solid-state, interact with liquid magnesium alloy and form soldered seam 2, thus obtain the compound joint with melting welding and soldering double grading.
Step 4: according to actual conditions setting welding condition, laser pulse frequency is at 20kHz-50kHz, laser power P is at 0.1kW-10kW, speed of welding is 0.1m/min-10m/min, gage of wire is between 0.8-2.0mm, wire feed rate is 0.5m/min-10m/min, and the angle theta of welding wire and workpiece is 15 °-45 °, and the angle Φ of laser head and workpiece is 80 °-100 °.
Step 5: after welding, butt welded seam is shaped and joint performance detects.Result of the test shows, can obtain in conjunction with superaudio pulse laser melt-brazing method the good weld seam (see Fig. 3) that is shaped by adding neutral element, strength of joint coefficient reaches more than 0.85.
Detailed description of the invention two:
Composition graphs 2, it is the embodiment that superaudio pulse laser melts that soldering connects magnesium-steel lap joint, and its welding method step is as follows:
Step 1: workpiece square groove to be welded or open monolateral Y type groove in magnesium alloy 3 side, uses sand paper and acetone polish to surface of the work and both sides and clean, the greasy dirt of removing surface of the work and oxide-film.
Step 2: workpiece clean for surface treatment is combined into lap joint, and (magnesium alloy plate 3 is upper; steel plate 1 under); regulate the position of wire feeding mouth 9 and angle, make welding wire 8 from laser beam 6 front at a certain angle θ automatically send into, and utilize argon nozzle 5 butt welded seam 2 to protect.
Step 3: in welding process, the accurate control to welding heat input is realized by the wire feed rate of the power density and wire feeder 10 that regulate optical fiber laser 4, superaudio pulse laser beam 6 is utilized to heat magnesium alloy solder wire 8 and mother metal 3 forms molten bath, and steel 1 basic maintenance in welding process is solid-state, interact with liquid magnesium alloy and form soldered seam 2, thus obtain the compound joint with melting welding and soldering double grading.
Step 4: according to actual conditions setting welding condition, laser pulse frequency is at 20kHz-50kHz, laser power P is at 0.1kW-10kW, speed of welding is 0.1m/min-10m/min, gage of wire is between 0.8-2.0mm, wire feed rate is 0.5m/min-10m/min, and the angle theta of welding wire and workpiece is 15 °-45 °, and the angle Φ of laser head and workpiece is 80 °-100 °.
Step 5: after welding, butt welded seam is shaped and joint performance detects.Result of the test shows, can obtain the good weld seam (see Fig. 4) of being shaped by adding neutral element in conjunction with superaudio pulse laser melt-brazing method, high by 25% than without in ultrasonic situation of the shear strength of joint.
Claims (7)
1. magnesium and steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser melt soldering and connect a welding wire, it is characterized in that percentage by weight consists of: Al:4-8%, Zn:1-4%, Sr:0.4-0.8%, B:0.1-0.15%, RE:1-1.5%, surplus are Mg.
2. magnesium and steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser melt a pricker welding method, it is characterized in that:
Step 1: process groove at the position to be welded of magnesium alloy and steel workpiece, and remove greasy dirt and the oxide-film of surface of the work;
Step 2: magnesium alloy and steel workpiece are fixed on weld jig, regulate position and the angle of wire feeder, welding wire is sent at a certain angle automatically from laser beam front, and utilizes argon gas butt welded seam to protect; The percentage by weight of described welding wire consists of: Al:4-8%, Zn:1-4%, Sr:0.4-0.8%, B:0.1-0.15%, RE:1-1.5%, surplus are Mg;
Step 3: laser beam is slightly offset to magnesium alloy workpiece side, superaudio pulsed laser heating welding wire and magnesium alloy workpiece is utilized to form molten bath, and steel workpiece basic maintenance in welding process is solid-state, interact with liquid magnesium alloy and form soldered fitting, the frequency of described superaudio pulse laser pulse is at 20kHz-50kHz, power P is at 1kW-10kW, and speed of welding is 0.1m/min-10m/min.
3. magnesium according to claim 2 and steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser melt pricker welding method, it is characterized in that: the position to be welded docking of magnesium alloy and steel workpiece, and the groove processed at the position to be welded of magnesium alloy and steel workpiece is V-butt.
4. magnesium according to claim 2 and steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser melt pricker welding method, it is characterized in that: the position to be welded overlap joint of magnesium alloy and steel workpiece, and the groove processed at the position to be welded of magnesium alloy and steel workpiece is single V groove with root face.
5. the magnesium according to claim 3 or 4 and steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser melt pricker welding method, it is characterized in that: gage of wire is between 0.8-2.0mm, and wire feed rate is 0.5m/min-10m/min.
6. the magnesium according to claim 3 or 4 and steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser melt pricker welding method, it is characterized in that: the position of described adjustment wire feeder and angle make the angle theta of welding wire and workpiece be 15 °-45 °.
7. the magnesium according to claim 3 or 4 and steel dissimilar metal superaudio pulse laser melt pricker welding method, it is characterized in that: it is make the angle Φ of laser head and workpiece be 80 °-100 ° that described welding wire is sent at a certain angle automatically from laser beam front.
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Effective date of registration: 20170908 Address after: 150028, Heilongjiang hi tech Industrial Development Zone, Harbin science and technology innovation city, innovation and entrepreneurship Plaza, building 15 (192 bright moon street) torch networking building, room 349 Patentee after: Harbin ha te special equipment technology development Co., Ltd. Address before: 15 Heilongjiang, Nangang Province, Nantong street, building No. 258, building, ship, floor, No. 150001 Co-patentee before: Gao Liangtian Patentee before: Science Park Development Co., Ltd. of Harbin Engineering University Co-patentee before: Sun Yushan Co-patentee before: Jia Hui |
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| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |