CN113146039B - Preparation and welding method of intermediate layer composite powder for laser welding of magnesium alloy steel - Google Patents
Preparation and welding method of intermediate layer composite powder for laser welding of magnesium alloy steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN113146039B CN113146039B CN202110464590.3A CN202110464590A CN113146039B CN 113146039 B CN113146039 B CN 113146039B CN 202110464590 A CN202110464590 A CN 202110464590A CN 113146039 B CN113146039 B CN 113146039B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
- B23K26/323—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving parts made of dissimilar metallic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
- B23K35/3607—Silica or silicates
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method and a welding method of intermediate layer composite powder for laser welding of magnesium alloy steel, wherein dual-phase steel and magnesium alloy adopt a lapping mode of 'magnesium on steel and magnesium on steel', an intermediate layer adopts Cu powder and Si powder with the purity of 99.9%, and the intermediate layer composite powder prepared by uniformly mixing the two powders according to different mass ratios is subjected to laser welding. The invention has the technical effects that the Cu element improves the stability of the welding process, reduces the generation of welding defects, promotes the uniform and stable generation of a Fe-Al layer at the Mg/Fe interface in a welding line, and the addition of the Si element can convert a Fe-Al phase with larger brittleness in a Fe-Al reaction layer into a Fe-Si-Al phase with lower brittleness, and improves the tensile shear force of a magnesium alloy/steel welding joint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dissimilar metal laser welding, in particular to preparation of middle layer composite powder for magnesium alloy steel laser welding and a welding method thereof.
Background
The laser welding has the advantages of high energy density, high welding speed, small welding deformation, wide range of weldable materials and the like, and has good advantages in the aspect of realizing high-quality and high-efficiency connection of magnesium alloy/steel. Obtaining a good welded joint of magnesium and steel is difficult due to the large difference in thermal physical properties such as the thermal expansion coefficient and the melting point between magnesium and steel, the lack of solid solution between the magnesium and steel, and the inability to form intermetallic compounds (IMC). But the middle layer is added between the magnesium and the steel during welding, so that the welding between the magnesium alloy and the steel can be effectively realized, and a welding joint with good performance is obtained.
In the current research, cu is used as an intermediate layer alone, a continuous and stable Fe-Al phase can be generated at a magnesium/steel interface of a joint, the stability of the welding process is improved, and the tensile shear of a welding joint is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method and a welding method of intermediate layer composite powder for magnesium alloy steel laser welding, and the tensile shear of a magnesium alloy/steel welding joint is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for welding intermediate layer composite powder for laser welding of magnesium alloy steel, comprising the steps of:
preprocessing two base materials to be welded, and uniformly paving prepared intermediate layer composite powder on the corresponding lapping surface of the base materials to be welded in a lapping mode of magnesium on steel and magnesium on steel;
and carrying out welding treatment on the two base materials to be welded in a laser welding mode.
Wherein, the two base materials to be welded are DP590 galvanized dual-phase steel and AZ31B magnesium alloy respectively.
Wherein the laser welding parameters comprise laser power of 600W-1000W, welding speed of 0.03-0.08m/s, defocusing amount of-3- +3mm, and 99.99% argon as protective gas, and the gas flow is 15-25L/min by side blowing.
Wherein the laser head deviates 2-10 degrees along the direction vertical to the laser advancing direction.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a middle layer composite powder for laser welding of magnesium alloy steel, which is suitable for the welding method of the middle layer composite powder for laser welding of magnesium alloy steel as described in the first aspect, and comprises:
pure Cu powder with the purity of 99.9% and pure Si powder are adopted to prepare the intermediate layer composite powder based on the set mass ratio, wherein the mass ratio is 80% -98% of Cu, and 2% -20% of Si.
The invention relates to a preparation method of intermediate layer composite powder for laser welding of magnesium alloy steel and a welding method thereof, wherein dual-phase steel and magnesium alloy adopt a lapping mode of 'magnesium on steel and magnesium on steel', the intermediate layer adopts Cu powder and Si powder with the purity of 99.9%, and the Cu-Si composite powder prepared by uniformly mixing the Cu powder and the Si powder according to different mass ratios is subjected to laser welding. The invention has the technical effects that the Cu element improves the stability of the welding process, reduces the generation of welding defects, promotes the uniform and stable generation of an Fe-Al layer at an Mg/Fe interface in a welding line, and the addition of the Si element can convert a Fe-Al phase with larger brittleness in an Fe-Al reaction layer into a Fe-Si-Al phase with lower brittleness, thereby improving the tensile shear force of a magnesium alloy/steel welding joint.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the welding process of the composite powder of the middle layer of the magnesium alloy steel laser welding provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of a weld joint according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of the Mg/Fe interface inside the weld joint provided by the first embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for welding composite powder in an intermediate layer of a magnesium alloy steel laser welding, including the following steps:
s101, preprocessing two base materials to be welded, and uniformly paving prepared intermediate layer composite powder on the corresponding lapping surface of the base materials to be welded in a lapping mode of magnesium on steel and magnesium on steel;
and S102, welding the two base materials to be welded by adopting a laser welding mode.
In this embodiment, the two substrates to be welded are: the steel plate is DP590 galvanized dual-phase steel, and the magnesium plate is AZ31B magnesium alloy. Mechanically cleaning magnesium alloy and a dual-phase steel test plate by using No. 200 abrasive paper, washing off impurities on the surface by using acetone, uniformly spreading Cu-Si powder on the lapping surface of the magnesium alloy, adopting a lapping form of 'magnesium on steel and magnesium on steel', wherein the lapping length is 5-40mm, and the welding position is in the middle of the lapping surface. The laser welding parameters are that the laser power is 600W-1000W, the welding speed is 0.03-0.08m/s, the defocusing amount is-3- +3mm, the protective gas is 99.99% argon, and a side blowing mode is adopted, and the gas flow is 15-25L/min. The laser head is offset by 2-10 deg. in the direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of the laser.
The invention provides a preparation method of intermediate layer composite powder for magnesium alloy steel laser welding, which is suitable for the welding method of the intermediate layer composite powder for the magnesium alloy steel laser welding, and comprises the following steps:
pure Cu powder with the purity of 99.9% and pure Si powder are adopted to prepare the intermediate layer composite powder based on the set mass ratio, wherein the mass ratio is 80% -98% of Cu, and 2% -20% of Si.
In the present embodiment, the intermediate layer composite powder is prepared using pure Cu powder and pure Si powder having a purity of 99.9% based on a set mass ratio, in which Cu is 80 to 98%, si is 2 to 20%, and the thickness is 50 to 300 μm.
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples
Example 1
The base materials were 105mm × 45mm × 0.8mm DP590 galvanized dual phase steel and 105mm × 45mm × 1mm AZ31B magnesium alloy, and the intermediate layer was made of pure Cu powder and pure Si powder with a purity of 99.9% in a mass ratio of 95% Cu-5% Si composite powder with a thickness of 130 μm. The base material is cleaned and dried by acetone after being polished by abrasive paper, and then is fixed in a lapping way of 'magnesium on steel and magnesium on steel', and the lapping length is 20mm. The laser power is 800W, the welding speed is 0.05m/s, the defocusing amount is 0mm, the protective gas is 99.99% argon, a side blowing mode is adopted, and the gas flow is 22L/min. The laser head is offset by 5 ° in the direction perpendicular to the direction of laser travel. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the shear strength was 81.9N/mm as measured by a universal drawing machine.
Example 2
The base materials were a 105mm × 45mm × 0.8mm DP590 galvanized dual-phase steel and a 105mm × 45mm × 1mm AZ31B magnesium alloy, and the intermediate layer was a Cu-8-C/Si composite powder prepared from a pure Cu powder and a pure Si powder having a purity of 99.9% in a mass ratio of 92 μm to 130 μm. The base material is cleaned and dried by acetone after being polished by abrasive paper, and then is fixed in a lapping way of 'magnesium on steel and magnesium on steel', and the lapping length is 20mm. The laser process parameters are that the laser power is 800W, the welding speed is 0.05m/s, the defocusing amount is 0mm, the protective gas is 99.99 percent argon, a side blowing mode is adopted, and the gas flow is 22L/min. The laser head is offset by 5 ° in the direction perpendicular to the direction of laser travel. The tensile shear force of the steel is tested to be 76.6N/mm by adopting a universal drawing machine.
Example 3
The base materials were a 105mm × 45mm × 0.8mm DP590 galvanized dual-phase steel and a 105mm × 45mm × 1mm AZ31B magnesium alloy, and the intermediate layer was a Cu-8-C/Si composite powder prepared from a pure Cu powder and a pure Si powder having a purity of 99.9% in a mass ratio of 92 μm to 130 μm. The base material is cleaned and dried by acetone after being polished by abrasive paper, and then is fixed in a lapping way of 'magnesium on steel and magnesium on steel', and the lapping length is 20mm. The laser power is 900W, the welding speed is 0.05m/s, the defocusing amount is 0mm, the protective gas is 99.99% argon, and a side blowing mode is adopted, wherein the gas flow is 22L/min. The laser head is offset by 5 ° in the direction perpendicular to the direction of laser travel. The tensile shear force of the steel plate is 71.3N/mm by adopting a universal drawing machine.
Example 4
The base materials were a 105mm × 45mm × 0.8mm DP590 galvanized dual-phase steel and a 105mm × 45mm × 1mm AZ31B magnesium alloy, and the intermediate layer was a Cu-8-C/Si composite powder prepared from a pure Cu powder and a pure Si powder having a purity of 99.9% in a mass ratio of 92 μm to 130 μm. The parent metal is polished by abrasive paper, washed by acetone and dried, and then fixed in a lapping mode of 'magnesium on steel and magnesium on steel', and the lapping length is 20mm. The laser process parameters are that the laser power is 800W, the welding speed is 0.04m/s, the defocusing amount is 0mm, the protective gas is argon with the concentration of 99.99 percent, and a side blowing mode is adopted, and the gas flow is 22L/min. The laser head is offset by 5 ° in the direction perpendicular to the direction of laser travel. The tensile shear force of the steel plate is 74.2N/mm when the steel plate is tested by a universal drawing machine.
From the data of the 4 examples, the dual-phase steel with the thickness of 1.0mm and the magnesium alloy with the thickness of 0.8mm adopt a lapping mode of 'magnesium on steel and magnesium on steel', the middle layer adopts Cu powder and Si powder with the purity of 99.9%, and the Cu-Si composite powder prepared by uniformly mixing the Cu powder and the Si powder according to different mass ratios is subjected to laser welding; performing magnesium/steel deep fusion welding by adopting fiber laser, and adding Cu-Si mixed powder as an intermediate layer. The Cu element can improve the stability of the welding process, reduce the generation of welding defects, promote the stable generation of an Fe-Al layer at an Mg/Fe interface in a welding seam, avoid the enrichment of Zn at the Mg/Fe interface, and the addition of the Si element can convert a Fe-Al phase with higher brittleness in an Fe-Al reaction layer into a Fe-Si-Al phase with lower brittleness, improve the tensile shear of a magnesium alloy/steel welding joint and further improve the tensile shear of the joint.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. The welding method of the intermediate layer composite powder for the magnesium alloy steel laser welding is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps of pretreating two base materials to be welded, uniformly paving prepared composite powder of an intermediate layer on the corresponding lapping surfaces of the base materials to be welded in a lapping mode of steel upper magnesium and steel lower magnesium, mechanically cleaning magnesium alloy and a dual-phase steel test plate by using No. 200 abrasive paper, washing impurities on the surface by using acetone, uniformly paving Cu-Si powder on the lapping surfaces of the magnesium alloy in a lapping mode of steel upper magnesium and steel lower magnesium, wherein the lapping length is 5-40mm, and the welding position is in the middle of the lapping surfaces;
welding the two base materials to be welded by adopting a laser welding mode;
the parameters of laser welding comprise that the laser power is 600W-1000W, the welding speed is 0.03-0.08m/s, the defocusing amount is-3- +3mm, the protective gas is 99.99% argon, and a side blowing mode is adopted, and the gas flow is 15-25L/min;
the preparation method of the intermediate layer composite powder for the laser welding of the magnesium alloy steel comprises the following steps:
based on the set mass ratio, pure Cu powder with the purity of 99.9 percent and pure Si powder are adopted to prepare the intermediate layer composite powder, wherein the mass ratio is 80 to 98 percent of Cu and 2 to 20 percent of Si.
2. The welding method of intermediate layer composite powder for magnesium alloy steel laser welding according to claim 1,
the laser head is offset by 2-10 deg. in the direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of the laser.
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