CN113001024B - Laser welding method for dissimilar materials - Google Patents
Laser welding method for dissimilar materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN113001024B CN113001024B CN202110292198.5A CN202110292198A CN113001024B CN 113001024 B CN113001024 B CN 113001024B CN 202110292198 A CN202110292198 A CN 202110292198A CN 113001024 B CN113001024 B CN 113001024B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser welding method of dissimilar materials, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a material to be welded; (2) preparing an intermediate material; (3) cleaning; (4) fixing: fixing the intermediate material between the joint surfaces of the first metal material and the second metal material; (5) welding; the laser welding method is simple and easy to realize, the welding characteristics of the dissimilar materials are regulated by reasonably adding the interlayer materials such as the nickel foil and the corresponding type of metal powder wafer between the welding seams of the first metal material and the second metal material, the laser welding of the dissimilar materials can be realized rapidly only by small welding heat input quantity and a laser scanning molten pool, the whole welding process is stable and controllable, the generation of brittle phases in the welding seams and the metallurgical reaction of the welding seams can be effectively inhibited, and further, the welding defects such as air holes, cracks, brittle phases, poor formation and the like are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dissimilar material welding, in particular to a laser welding method for dissimilar materials.
Background
With the high-speed development of modern manufacturing industry, in the fields of aerospace, power enterprises, petrochemical industry, gas industry, some major scientific engineering and the like related to national life, social progress and national security, the product manufactured by a single material is difficult to meet the development requirement of the modern industry.
Therefore, in order to reduce the manufacturing cost and to exert the advantages of the composite structure, the design and manufacture of the composite member of the dissimilar materials are imperative. For example, in the manufacturing process of the low-temperature Dewar, a copper cavity is adopted at the low-temperature end for keeping good heat conduction performance to ensure the temperature uniformity of the area, and a stainless steel material is adopted at the room-temperature end to reduce heat leakage. In the manufacturing of cladding structures and divertors in fusion stacks, welding and connecting technologies of dissimilar materials such as stainless steel/copper and the like are mostly adopted, and application of dissimilar material structural members such as aluminum/copper and the like in the aerospace field is realized. The welding is inevitably involved in the dissimilar material components, and at present, the welding of the dissimilar materials mainly adopts arc welding, high-energy beam welding, brazing and other methods, however, due to the great differences of the physical properties, metallurgical properties and chemical compatibility of the dissimilar materials, various difficulties exist in the welding process of the dissimilar materials, such as the problems of easy occurrence of cracks, air holes, brittle phases, burning loss and segregation of alloy elements and the like, so that the welding of the dissimilar materials needs to adopt a special welding process to meet the increasing demands of the modern manufacturing industry.
The laser welding has the advantages of high energy density, large penetrating power, small heat input and the like, and is high in welding speed, high in joint quality and small in welding deformation, so that the laser welding method for the dissimilar materials is urgently needed to be developed to solve the problems that the strength and toughness of welding seams in the welding of the dissimilar materials are low, welding defects are easy to generate and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-described drawbacks, an object of the present invention is to provide a laser welding method for dissimilar materials that is easy to implement and has a good welding effect.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a method of laser welding dissimilar materials comprising the steps of:
(1) Preparing a dissimilar material to be welded: preparing a first metal material and a second metal material which need to be welded;
(2) Preparing an intermediate material: the intermediate layer material comprises a nickel foil and a sheet-shaped body containing a first metal material or/and a second metal material; the nickel foil piece is used for regulating and controlling the metallurgical reaction of the welding seam; the thicknesses of the nickel foil and the flaky body are respectively 0.1-0.2 mm; the step (1) and the step (2) are not sequential;
(3) Cleaning: cleaning the joint surface of the first metal material and the second metal material; if acetone is used for cleaning and drying, the cleaning needs to be carried out within 15 minutes to 1 hour before welding;
(4) Fixing: fixing the intermediate material between the joint surfaces of the first metal material and the second metal material;
(5) Welding: setting welding process parameters such as laser power, welding speed, laser beam scanning radius, scanning mode and the like through a welding control system in advance; the laser welding seam forming and the heat input and metallurgical reaction of the molten pool are controlled by adopting a laser beam bias or laser beam scanning mode to preferably realize the welding of the first metal material and the second metal material, so that the welding defects such as air holes, cracks, brittle phases, poor forming and the like can be effectively restrained, and the welding effect is good.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step (2) includes the steps of:
(2.1) grinding the first metal material or/and the second metal material to obtain metal powder; the grinding process is preferably carried out in an inert gas environment;
(2.2) compacting the metal powder into a sheet by cold press molding to obtain a sheet-like body.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the metal powder in the step (2.1) is further added with nickel powder for grinding, and is fully and uniformly stirred. Nickel powder is added for regulating and controlling the metallurgical reaction of the welding seam. After grinding, the metal powder has a mesh number of 500-1000 mesh, and is preferably chemically cleaned and dried for storage within 24 hours before welding.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sheet-shaped body is a metal sheet made of a single first metal material or a single second metal material, and is fixed to the joint surface of the first metal material or the second metal material by micro resistance spot welding.
In the step (1), the first metal material and the second metal material are further subjected to chemical cleaning to remove the oxide layer and the greasy dirt, and the metal materials are dried after cleaning.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step (4) polishes the joint surface of the first metal material and the second metal material in advance to remove the oxide layer, and then ultrasonically cleans and dries the joint surface.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the offset of the laser beam is biased to the side of the high-melting-point material, and the offset is less than or equal to 1mm.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the path of the laser beam scanning is one or more of a circular path, a rectangular path and a triangular path, so that the generation of air holes, brittle phases and crack welding defects is effectively prevented.
As a preferable mode of the present invention, the first metal material and the first two metal materials are copper material, stainless steel material, titanium material and aluminum material.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the laser welding method is simple and easy to realize, the welding characteristics of the dissimilar materials are regulated by reasonably adding the intermediate layer material between the welding seams of the first metal material and the second metal material, the laser welding of the dissimilar materials can be rapidly realized only by small welding heat input quantity and a laser scanning molten pool, the whole welding process is stable and controllable, the generation of brittle phases in the welding seams can be effectively inhibited, the metallurgical reaction of the welding seams can be controlled, further, the defect phenomena of welding deformation and the like are reduced, the welding seams are attractive in appearance, firm in connection, reliable in quality and good in welding effect.
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention at the time of welding.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a laser beam scanning path according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiment 1, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the laser welding method of the dissimilar material provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:
(1) Preparing a first metal material 1 and a second metal material 2 which need to be welded; in the embodiment, a pure copper plate with the thickness of 2mm is selected as a first metal material 1, and a 316L austenitic stainless steel plate with the thickness of 2mm is selected as a second metal material 2;
(2) The intermediate material 3 is prepared by selecting nickel foil 31 with the thickness of 0.1mm and copper powder and nickel powder with the mesh number of 500-1000 meshes, mixing and grinding the copper powder and the nickel powder in an inert gas environment, obtaining metal powder after uniform mixing, and pressing the metal powder into a sheet shape by adopting a cold press molding method to obtain a powder cold press foil 32;
(3) Polishing the joint surface of the first metal material 1 and the second metal material 2 by adopting sand paper, then cleaning by adopting acetone, and drying after cleaning, wherein the cleaning step is required to be carried out within 15 minutes to 1 hour before welding;
(4) Clamping the first metal material 1 and the second metal material 2 on a welding platform through a clamp, then placing a powder cold-pressed foil 32 between two nickel foil pieces 31, then integrally placing the powder cold-pressed foil between the joint surfaces of the first metal material 1 and the second metal material 2, and adjusting a gap between the joint surfaces of the first metal material 1 and the second metal material 2 to clamp the intermediate material 3;
(5) And installing a back protection gas tool and adjusting the gas flow. Setting welding process parameters through a welding control system, wherein the laser power is 4.0-6.0 kW, the positive defocus amount is 0-5 mm, the welding speed is 2.8-3.6 m/min, the protective gas flow is 15-25L/min, and the back protective gas flow is 5-10L/min; and (3) carrying out laser welding on the welding seam to realize that the first metal material 1 and the second metal material are welded to form an integrated structure, and taking down when cooling to room temperature.
Embodiment 2 provides a method for laser welding of dissimilar materials, which includes the following steps:
(1) Preparing a first metal material 1 and a second metal material 2 which need to be welded; in the embodiment, a copper cylinder with the diameter of 180mm and the wall thickness of 2mm is selected as a first metal material 1, and a stainless steel cylinder with the diameter of 180mm and the wall thickness of 2mm is selected as a second metal material 2;
(2) Selecting a nickel foil with the thickness of 0.2mm and a copper foil with the thickness of 0.1mm as intermediate materials 3;
(3) Cleaning the joint surface of the first metal material 1 and the second metal material 2 by adopting acetone, and drying after cleaning, wherein the cleaning step is required to be carried out within 15 minutes to 1 hour before welding;
(4) Clamping the first metal material 1 and the second metal material 2 on a welding platform through a clamp, spot-welding a nickel foil on a joint surface of the first metal material 1 and spot-welding a copper foil on a joint surface of the second metal material 2 through micro-resistance spot welding respectively, and then adjusting a gap between the joint surfaces of the first metal material 1 and the second metal material 2 to clamp the intermediate material 3;
(5) And installing a back protection gas tool and adjusting the gas flow. Setting welding process parameters through a welding control system, wherein the laser power is 4.0-6.0 kW, the positive defocus amount is 0-5 mm, the welding speed is 2.8-3.6 m/min, the laser beam is deviated to the stainless steel side, as shown in FIG. 3, a triangular scanning path 4 is adopted, the scanning radius is 0.5-1.0 mm, the protection air flow is 15-25L/min, and the back protection air flow is 5-10L/min; and (3) carrying out laser welding on the welding seam to realize that the first metal material 1 and the second metal material are welded to form an integrated structure, and taking down when cooling to room temperature.
Embodiment 3 provides a method for laser welding of dissimilar materials, which includes the following steps:
(1) Preparing a first metal material 1 and a second metal material 2 which need to be welded; in this embodiment, a pure copper plate with a thickness of 2mm is selected as the first metal material 1, and a 5083 aluminum plate with a thickness of 2mm is selected as the second metal material 2;
(2) Selecting a nickel foil with the thickness of 0.1mm and a powder cold-pressed foil with the thickness of 0.2mm mixed by nickel powder and aluminum powder as an intermediate material 3; the nickel foil is chemically cleaned and dried and stored within 24 hours before welding;
(3) Cleaning the joint surface of the first metal material 1 and the second metal material 2;
(4) Clamping the first metal material 1 and the second metal material 2 on a welding platform through a clamp, then placing a powder cold-pressed foil between two nickel foil sheets, then integrally placing the powder cold-pressed foil between the joint surfaces of the first metal material 1 and the second metal material 2, and adjusting a gap between the joint surfaces of the first metal material 1 and the second metal material 2 to clamp the intermediate material 3;
(5) And installing a back protection gas tool and adjusting the gas flow. Setting welding process parameters through a welding control system, wherein the laser power is 4.0-6.0 kW, the positive defocus amount is 0-5 mm, the welding speed is 3.0-5.0 m/min, a circular scanning path is adopted, the scanning radius is 0.5-1.0 mm, the protection gas flow is 15-25L/min, and the back protection gas flow is 5-10L/min; and (3) carrying out laser welding on the welding seam to realize that the first metal material 1 and the second metal material are welded to form an integrated structure, and taking down when cooling to room temperature.
The above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, but the technical solution of one of the above examples or the equivalent changes according to the above examples are all within the scope of the present invention. The laser welding method is simple, the welding characteristics of the dissimilar materials are regulated by reasonably adding the interlayer material between the welding seams of the first metal material 1 and the second metal material 2, the laser welding of the dissimilar materials can be rapidly realized only by small welding heat input quantity and a laser scanning molten pool, the whole welding process is stable and controllable, the generation of brittle phases in the welding seams and the metallurgical reaction of the welding seams can be effectively inhibited, and further, the occurrence of welding defects such as air holes, cracks, brittle phases, poor forming and the like can be reduced.
Variations and modifications to the above would be obvious to persons skilled in the art to which the invention pertains from the foregoing description and teachings. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, but some modifications and changes of the invention should be also included in the scope of the claims of the invention. In addition, although specific terms are used in the present specification, these terms are for convenience of description only and do not limit the present invention in any way. Other methods of using the same or similar structures as described in the above embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A laser welding method for dissimilar materials is characterized in that: which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a dissimilar material to be welded: preparing a first metal material and a second metal material which need to be welded;
(2) Preparing an intermediate material: the intermediate material comprises a nickel foil and a sheet-like body containing a first metal material or/and a second metal material; the step (2) comprises the following steps: (2.1) grinding the first metal material or/and the second metal material to obtain metal powder; (2.2) pressing the metal powder into a sheet shape by adopting a cold press molding method to obtain a sheet-shaped body;
(3) Cleaning: cleaning the joint surface of the first metal material and the second metal material;
(4) Fixing: fixing the intermediate material between the joining surfaces of the first metal material and the second metal material;
(5) Welding: adopting a laser beam bias or laser beam scanning mode to carry out laser welding on the welding seam so as to realize the welding of the first metal material and the second metal material;
the step (1) and the step (2) are not sequential;
the metal powder in the step (2.1) is further added with nickel powder for grinding, and is fully and uniformly stirred;
the offset of the laser beam is biased to the side of the high-melting-point material, and the offset is less than or equal to 1mm.
2. The laser welding method of dissimilar materials according to claim 1, wherein: the grinding process of the step (2.1) is carried out in an inert gas environment.
3. The laser welding method of dissimilar materials according to claim 1, wherein: the intermediate material is fixed on the joint surface of the first metal material or the second metal material by adopting a micro resistance spot welding mode.
4. The laser welding method of dissimilar materials according to claim 1, wherein: and (2) in the step (1), the first metal material and the second metal material are subjected to chemical cleaning to remove an oxide layer and oil stains, and drying is performed after cleaning is completed.
5. The laser welding method of dissimilar materials according to claim 1, wherein: and (4) polishing the joint surface of the first metal material and the second metal material in advance to remove an oxide layer, and drying after ultrasonic cleaning.
6. The laser welding method of dissimilar materials according to claim 1, wherein: the path of the laser beam scanning is one or more of a combination of circular, rectangular and triangular paths.
7. The laser welding method of dissimilar materials according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the first metal material or the second metal material is one of a copper material, a stainless steel material, a titanium material and an aluminum material.
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| CN113001024B true CN113001024B (en) | 2023-07-28 |
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| CN113702446B (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2023-11-03 | 松山湖材料实验室 | Micro-resistance testing method for ceramic substrate through hole |
| CN113857669A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2021-12-31 | 吉林大学 | Laser welding method for titanium alloy and aluminum alloy dissimilar materials |
| CN114131191B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2024-06-18 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Welding method of deformation superalloy impact tube and casting superalloy guide blade |
| CN114871559B (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2024-04-19 | 江苏科技大学 | Transitional liquid phase diffusion connection method for additive manufacturing stainless steel and zirconium alloy |
| CN115319267A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-11 | 国家高速列车青岛技术创新中心 | High-strength alloy heterogeneous lap joint and low-heat-input preparation method thereof |
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| CN100396481C (en) * | 2004-08-12 | 2008-06-25 | 肇庆市风华锂电池有限公司 | Aluminium-nickel metal welding bond and process for preparing the same |
| CN101168310B (en) * | 2007-11-19 | 2011-09-07 | 西安理工大学 | Metastable state Cu-base and Ni-base alloy composite foil and preparation method thereof |
| CN101391263A (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2009-03-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Manufacture method of transition joint for welding titanium alloy and stainless steel component |
| CN103143805A (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2013-06-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for relieving residual stress of brazed joint |
| CN104416287B (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2016-08-10 | 首都航天机械公司 | A kind of W-Co hard alloy and carbon steel method for laser welding |
| JP2017123318A (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2017-07-13 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Method for manufacturing heterogeneous conductive member |
| CN105855705B (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2017-09-15 | 吉林大学 | A kind of stainless steel titanium alloy dissimilar metal method for laser welding |
| CN110948109A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-03 | 西部金属材料股份有限公司 | Welding method of magnesium-based and aluminum-based dissimilar metal plate |
| CN111151880A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-05-15 | 安徽工业大学 | Gradient transition connection method for depositing steel/titanium dissimilar metal based on laser synchronous preheating |
| CN111168204A (en) * | 2020-02-12 | 2020-05-19 | 西安理工大学 | Copper-steel dissimilar metal welding method with preset nickel sheets |
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