CN113001024A - Laser welding method for dissimilar materials - Google Patents
Laser welding method for dissimilar materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN113001024A CN113001024A CN202110292198.5A CN202110292198A CN113001024A CN 113001024 A CN113001024 A CN 113001024A CN 202110292198 A CN202110292198 A CN 202110292198A CN 113001024 A CN113001024 A CN 113001024A
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- metal material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser welding method of dissimilar materials, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a dissimilar material to be welded; (2) preparing an intermediate material; (3) cleaning; (4) fixing: fixing an intermediate material between the joining surfaces of the first metal material and the second metal material; (5) welding; the laser welding method is simple and easy to realize, the welding characteristics of dissimilar materials are adjusted by reasonably adding the intermediate layer materials such as the nickel foil and the metal powder wafers of corresponding types between the welding seams of the first metal material and the second metal material, the laser welding of the dissimilar materials can be quickly realized only by smaller welding heat input and laser scanning molten pools, the whole welding process is stable and controllable, the generation of brittle phases in the welding seams can be effectively inhibited, the metallurgical reaction of the welding seams is controlled, the welding defects of pores, cracks, brittle phases, poor forming and the like are further reduced, the welding seams are attractive in forming, firm in connection, reliable in quality and good in welding effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dissimilar material welding, in particular to a laser welding method for dissimilar materials.
Background
With the rapid development of modern manufacturing industry, in the fields of aerospace, electric power enterprises, petrochemical industry, gas industry, some large scientific engineering and the like which concern national civilization, social progress and national safety, products made of a single material are difficult to meet the requirements of the development of modern industry.
Therefore, in order to reduce the manufacturing cost and to exert the advantages of the composite structure, the design and manufacture of the composite member made of the dissimilar materials are indispensable. For example, in the manufacturing process of the low-temperature dewar, the low-temperature end adopts a copper cavity for keeping good heat conduction performance to ensure the temperature uniformity of the area, and the room-temperature end adopts stainless steel materials to reduce heat leakage. The fusion reactor middle cladding structure and the divertor are mostly manufactured by adopting welding and connecting technologies of dissimilar materials such as stainless steel/copper and the like, and the application of structural members of dissimilar materials such as aluminum/copper and the like in the aerospace field. At present, arc welding, high-energy beam welding, brazing and other methods are mainly adopted for welding dissimilar materials, however, due to the great difference of physical properties, metallurgical properties and chemical compatibility of dissimilar materials, a great deal of difficulties exist in the welding process of dissimilar materials, for example, problems of cracks, air holes, brittle phases, alloy element burning loss, segregation and the like are easy to occur, so that special welding processes are required for welding dissimilar materials to meet the increasing requirements of modern manufacturing industry.
Laser welding has the advantages of high energy density, large penetration capacity, small heat input quantity and the like, and has the advantages of high welding speed, high joint quality and small welding deformation, so that a laser welding method for dissimilar materials is urgently needed to be developed to solve the problems of low strength and toughness of a welding seam, easy generation of welding defects and the like in dissimilar material welding.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned disadvantages, the present invention aims to provide a laser welding method for dissimilar materials, which is easy to implement and has a good welding effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a method of laser welding dissimilar materials, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing a dissimilar material to be welded: preparing a first metal material and a second metal material which need to be welded;
(2) preparing an intermediate material: the interlayer material comprises a nickel foil and a sheet-shaped body containing a first metal material or/and a second metal material; the nickel foil is used for regulating and controlling the metallurgical reaction of the welding seam; the thicknesses of the nickel foil and the sheet body are respectively 0.1-0.2 mm; the step (1) and the step (2) are not in sequence;
(3) cleaning: cleaning the joint surface of the first metal material and the second metal material; if acetone is adopted for cleaning and drying, the cleaning is carried out within 15 minutes to 1 hour before welding;
(4) fixing: fixing an intermediate material between the joining surfaces of the first metal material and the second metal material;
(5) welding: setting welding process parameters such as laser power, welding speed, laser beam scanning radius, scanning mode and the like in advance through a welding control system; preferably, the laser welding seam is formed by laser beam offset or laser beam scanning, the heat input and metallurgical reaction of a molten pool are controlled, welding defects such as air holes, cracks, brittle phases, poor forming and the like can be effectively inhibited, welding of the first metal material and the second metal material is realized, and the welding effect is good.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the step (2) includes the steps of:
(2.1) grinding the first metal material or/and the second metal material to obtain metal powder; the grinding process is preferably carried out in an inert gas environment;
and (2.2) pressing the metal powder into a sheet shape by adopting a cold press molding method to obtain a sheet-shaped body.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the metal powder in step (2.1) is further added with nickel powder for grinding, and fully and uniformly stirred. Adding nickel powder for regulating and controlling the metallurgical reaction of the welding seam. After grinding, the mesh number of the metal powder is 500-1000 meshes, and chemical cleaning, drying and storage are preferably adopted within 24 hours before welding.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sheet body is a metal sheet made of a single first metal material or a single second metal material, and is fixed to the joint surface of the first metal material or the second metal material by micro resistance spot welding.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, in the step (1), the first metal material and the second metal material are further chemically cleaned to remove an oxide layer and oil stains, and dried after the cleaning is completed.
As a preferable embodiment of the present invention, in the step (4), the bonding surface of the first metal material and the second metal material is polished in advance to remove the oxide layer, and is dried after ultrasonic cleaning.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the offset of the laser beam offset is biased toward the high melting point material side, and the offset is less than or equal to 1 mm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the path scanned by the laser beam is one or more of a circular path, a rectangular path and a triangular path, which effectively prevents the generation of blowholes, brittle phases and crack welding defects.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the first metal material and the first metalloid material are a copper material, a stainless steel material, a titanium material and an aluminum material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the laser welding method is simple and easy to realize, the interlayer material is reasonably added between the welding seams of the first metal material and the second metal material to adjust the welding characteristics of the dissimilar materials, the laser welding of the dissimilar materials can be quickly realized only by smaller welding heat input and laser scanning molten pool, the whole welding process is stable and controllable, the generation of brittle phases in the welding seams can be effectively inhibited, the metallurgical reaction of the welding seams is controlled, and further the defect phenomena of welding deformation and the like are reduced.
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention at the time of welding.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the scanning path of the laser beam of the present invention.
Detailed Description
(1) preparing a first metal material 1 and a second metal material 2 which need to be welded; in the embodiment, a pure copper plate with the thickness of 2mm is selected as a first metal material 1, and a 316L austenitic stainless steel plate with the thickness of 2mm is selected as a second metal material 2;
(2) the intermediate material 3 is prepared by selecting a nickel foil 31 with the thickness of 0.1mm and copper powder and nickel powder with the mesh number of 500-1000 meshes, mixing and grinding the copper powder and the nickel powder in an inert gas environment, obtaining metal powder after uniform mixing, and pressing the metal powder into a sheet shape by a cold press molding method to obtain a powder cold-pressed foil 32;
(3) the method comprises the following steps of (1) polishing the joint surface of a first metal material 1 and a second metal material 2 by using sand paper, then cleaning by using acetone, and drying after cleaning, wherein the cleaning step needs to be carried out within 15 minutes to 1 hour before welding;
(4) clamping a first metal material 1 and a second metal material 2 on a welding platform through a clamp, then placing a powder cold-pressed foil 32 between two nickel foils 31, then integrally placing the powder cold-pressed foil between the joint surfaces of the first metal material 1 and the second metal material 2, and adjusting a gap between the joint surfaces of the first metal material 1 and the second metal material 2 to clamp an intermediate material 3;
(5) and installing a back protection gas tool and adjusting the gas flow. Setting welding process parameters through a welding control system, wherein the laser power is 4.0-6.0 kW, the positive defocusing amount is 0-5 mm, the welding speed is 2.8-3.6 m/min, the protective gas flow is 15-25L/min, and the back protective gas flow is 5-10L/min; and (3) carrying out laser welding on the welding seam to realize that the first metal material 1 and the second metal material are welded to form an integral structure, and taking down the integral structure when the integral structure is cooled to room temperature.
(1) preparing a first metal material 1 and a second metal material 2 which need to be welded; in the embodiment, a copper cylinder with the diameter of 180mm and the wall thickness of 2mm is selected as a first metal material 1, and a stainless steel cylinder with the diameter of 180mm and the wall thickness of 2mm is selected as a second metal material 2;
(2) selecting a nickel foil with the thickness of 0.2mm and a copper foil with the thickness of 0.1mm as an intermediate material 3;
(3) cleaning the joint surface of the first metal material 1 and the second metal material 2 by using acetone, and drying after cleaning, wherein the cleaning step needs to be carried out within 15 minutes to 1 hour before welding;
(4) clamping a first metal material 1 and a second metal material 2 on a welding platform through a clamp, respectively spot-welding a nickel foil on a joint surface of the first metal material 1 and spot-welding a copper foil on a joint surface of the second metal material 2 by adopting micro-resistance spot welding, and then adjusting a gap between the joint surfaces of the first metal material 1 and the second metal material 2 to clamp an intermediate material 3;
(5) and installing a back protection gas tool and adjusting the gas flow. Setting welding process parameters through a welding control system, wherein the laser power is 4.0-6.0 kW, the positive defocusing amount is 0-5 mm, the welding speed is 2.8-3.6 m/min, a laser beam is offset to a stainless steel side, referring to fig. 3, a triangular scanning path 4 is adopted, the scanning radius is 0.5-1.0 mm, the protective gas flow is 15-25L/min, and the back protective gas flow is 5-10L/min; and (3) carrying out laser welding on the welding seam to realize that the first metal material 1 and the second metal material are welded to form an integral structure, and taking down the integral structure when the integral structure is cooled to room temperature.
(1) preparing a first metal material 1 and a second metal material 2 which need to be welded; in the embodiment, a pure copper plate with the thickness of 2mm is selected as a first metal material 1, and a 5083 aluminum plate with the thickness of 2mm is selected as a second metal material 2;
(2) selecting a nickel foil with the thickness of 0.1mm and a powder cold-pressed foil mixed by nickel powder and aluminum powder with the thickness of 0.2mm as an intermediate material 3; chemically cleaning the nickel foil within 24 hours before welding, drying and storing;
(3) cleaning the joint surface of the first metal material 1 and the second metal material 2;
(4) clamping a first metal material 1 and a second metal material 2 on a welding platform through a clamp, then placing a powder cold-pressed foil between two nickel foils, then integrally placing the powder cold-pressed foils between the joint surfaces of the first metal material 1 and the second metal material 2, and adjusting a gap between the joint surfaces of the first metal material 1 and the second metal material 2 to clamp an intermediate material 3;
(5) and installing a back protection gas tool and adjusting the gas flow. Setting welding process parameters through a welding control system, wherein the laser power is 4.0-6.0 kW, the positive defocusing amount is 0-5 mm, the welding speed is 3.0-5.0 m/min, a circular scanning path is adopted, the scanning radius is 0.5-1.0 mm, the protective gas flow is 15-25L/min, and the back protective gas flow is 5-10L/min; and (3) carrying out laser welding on the welding seam to realize that the first metal material 1 and the second metal material are welded to form an integral structure, and taking down the integral structure when the integral structure is cooled to room temperature.
The above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to all embodiments, and any technical solution using one of the above examples or equivalent changes made according to the above examples is within the scope of the present invention. The laser welding method is simple and easy, the interlayer material is reasonably added between the welding seams of the first metal material 1 and the second metal material 2 to adjust the welding characteristics of the dissimilar materials, the laser welding of the dissimilar materials can be quickly realized only by smaller welding heat input and laser scanning molten pool, the whole welding process is stable and controllable, the generation of brittle phases in the welding seams can be effectively inhibited, the metallurgical reaction of the welding seams is controlled, and further the welding defects of air holes, cracks, brittle phases, poor forming and the like are reduced, the welding seams are attractive in forming, firm in connection, reliable in quality and good in welding effect.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope and spirit of the above description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Other methods, which are similar or identical to the above-described embodiments of the present invention, are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A laser welding method of dissimilar materials is characterized in that: which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a dissimilar material to be welded: preparing a first metal material and a second metal material which need to be welded;
(2) preparing an intermediate material: the interlayer material comprises a nickel foil and a sheet-shaped body containing a first metal material or/and a second metal material;
(3) cleaning: cleaning the joint surface of the first metal material and the second metal material;
(4) fixing: fixing an intermediate material between the joining surfaces of the first metal material and the second metal material;
(5) welding: performing laser welding on the welding seam by adopting a laser beam offset or laser beam scanning mode to realize the welding of the first metal material and the second metal material;
the step (1) and the step (2) are not in sequence.
2. The laser welding method of dissimilar materials according to claim 1, wherein: the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(2.1) grinding the first metal material or/and the second metal material to obtain metal powder;
and (2.2) pressing the metal powder into a sheet shape by adopting a cold press molding method to obtain a sheet-shaped body.
3. The laser welding method of dissimilar materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: and (3) adding nickel powder into the metal powder in the step (2.1) for grinding, and fully and uniformly stirring.
4. The laser welding method of dissimilar materials according to claim 3, wherein: the grinding process of the step (2.1) is carried out in an inert gas environment.
5. The laser welding method of dissimilar materials according to claim 1, wherein: the sheet-shaped body is a metal sheet body made of a single first metal material or a second metal material and is fixed on the joint surface of the first metal material or the second metal material in a micro-resistance spot welding mode.
6. The laser welding method of dissimilar materials according to claim 1, wherein: and (2) chemically cleaning the first metal material and the second metal material in the step (1) to remove an oxide layer and oil stains, and drying after cleaning.
7. The laser welding method of dissimilar materials according to claim 1, wherein: and (4) polishing the joint surface of the first metal material and the second metal material in advance to remove the oxide layer, and drying after ultrasonic cleaning.
8. The laser welding method of dissimilar materials according to claim 1, wherein: the offset of the laser beam offset is deviated to one side of the high-melting-point material, and the offset is less than or equal to 1 mm.
9. The laser welding method of dissimilar materials according to claim 1, wherein: the path scanned by the laser beam is one or more of a combination of a circular path, a rectangular path and a triangular path.
10. The laser welding method of dissimilar materials according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the first metal material and the first metalloid material are copper materials, stainless steel materials, titanium materials and aluminum materials.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113702446A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-11-26 | 松山湖材料实验室 | Method for testing micro-resistance of through hole of ceramic substrate |
| CN113857669A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2021-12-31 | 吉林大学 | Laser welding method for titanium alloy and aluminum alloy dissimilar materials |
| CN114131191A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-04 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Welding method of deformed high-temperature alloy impact tube and cast high-temperature alloy guide blade |
| CN114871559A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-08-09 | 江苏科技大学 | Transition liquid phase diffusion connection method for additive manufacturing of stainless steel and zirconium alloy |
| CN115319267A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-11 | 国家高速列车青岛技术创新中心 | High-strength alloy heterogeneous lap joint and low-heat-input preparation method thereof |
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| CN115319267A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-11 | 国家高速列车青岛技术创新中心 | High-strength alloy heterogeneous lap joint and low-heat-input preparation method thereof |
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| CN113001024B (en) | 2023-07-28 |
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