CN111168204A - Copper-steel dissimilar metal welding method with preset nickel sheets - Google Patents
Copper-steel dissimilar metal welding method with preset nickel sheets Download PDFInfo
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- CN111168204A CN111168204A CN202010089431.5A CN202010089431A CN111168204A CN 111168204 A CN111168204 A CN 111168204A CN 202010089431 A CN202010089431 A CN 202010089431A CN 111168204 A CN111168204 A CN 111168204A
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 copper and steel Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K9/232—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded of different metals
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a copper-steel dissimilar metal welding method with preset nickel sheets, which comprises the following specific operation steps: step 1: mechanically cleaning copper and steel test plates, then carrying out ultrasonic cleaning to remove surface impurities, then preheating a copper plate, and presetting nickel sheets at joints of the copper plate and the steel plate as filler metals of welding joints; step 2: and performing welding treatment on the copper and steel plates by adopting a TIG (tungsten inert gas) self-fusion welding method. The invention discloses a method for welding copper-steel dissimilar metals with preset nickel sheets, which solves the problems of poor forming, air holes, welding defects of hot cracks, low production efficiency, high production cost and the like during copper-steel welding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of dissimilar metal welding, and particularly relates to a method for welding copper-steel dissimilar metals with preset nickel sheets.
Background
With the rapid development of the field of mechanical manufacturing, the welding of dissimilar metals such as copper steel, copper aluminum and the like is widely applied. At present, soldering and laser welding are widely applied. For brazing, the mechanical property of the obtained welding joint is poor, corresponding pressure is required to be applied in diffusion welding, and long-time atomic diffusion is carried out, so that metallurgical bonding is achieved, the production efficiency of brazing is low, and the method is not suitable for mass production; for the laser welding of dissimilar metals, it can realize high-efficiency and high-quality production, but the laser welding equipment is complicated, and the equipment maintenance cost is high, so that the production cost is high.
On the other hand, copper has a thermal conductivity of about 7 times that of steel at room temperature, a difference in melting points of about 500 ℃, and a linear expansion coefficient of about 1.5 times that of iron. The copper and steel welding has great difficulty due to the great difference of the thermophysical properties of the copper and the steel. Moreover, when the copper material is welded, infiltration cracks are easily generated in the steel side metallurgical bonding area, and the strength of the joint is reduced. Therefore, a transition layer metal must be designed, so that various welding defects caused by large difference of thermophysical properties are reduced, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the joint is improved. Meanwhile, a reasonable welding method and process are selected to improve the production efficiency and reduce the production cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for welding copper-steel dissimilar metals with preset nickel sheets, which solves the problems of poor forming, air holes, welding defects of hot cracks, low production efficiency, high production cost and the like during copper-steel welding.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a copper-steel dissimilar metal welding method for presetting nickel sheets comprises the following specific operation steps:
step 1: mechanically cleaning copper and steel test plates, then carrying out ultrasonic cleaning to remove surface impurities, then preheating a copper plate, and presetting nickel sheets at joints of the copper plate and the steel plate as filler metals of welding joints;
step 2: and performing welding treatment on the copper and steel plates by adopting a TIG (tungsten inert gas) self-fusion welding method.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
in the step 1, the ultrasonic cleaning time is 15-20 min, and the preheating temperature for preheating the copper plate is as follows: 200 to 350 ℃.
In step 1, the nickel sheet has the following size specification: the length x width is 10mm x 5mm, and the thickness is 1.2 mm.
In the step 1, the sizes of the copper plate and the steel plate are as follows: length × width × thickness is 100mm × 10mm × 5 mm.
In the step 1, the copper plate is a T2 copper plate, and the steel plate is a Q345 steel plate.
In step 2, the concrete parameters of TIG self-fusion welding are as follows: melting a nickel sheet by using a welding gun with a tungsten electrode diameter of 3-4 mm, wherein the extension length of the tungsten electrode is 15-20mm, and the inclination angle is 75-80 degrees; the distance between the heating position of the TIG welding gun and the welding line is 2-5mm, the welding current is 150-200A, the voltage is 20-25V, the protective gas is 99.99% pure argon, and the argon flow is 14-16L/min in the welding process.
The beneficial effect of the invention is that,
(1) compared with MIG welding brazing, the TIG self-fluxing welding method is adopted for welding, so that the welding heat input is reduced, and the deformation of a welding test plate is reduced;
(2) the nickel sheet is adopted to replace a flux-cored wire as a filling metal, so that the welding efficiency is improved;
(3) the nickel has strong affinity to copper and steel materials, so that the joint can be fully metallurgically bonded, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the welded joint is ensured;
(4) in TIG self-fusion welding, the energy is concentrated when heating, the heat affected zone is small, and the joint strength is improved.
(5) Preheating before welding to reduce the generation probability of permeation cracks;
(6) the copper base metal is preheated before welding, so that the copper base metal cannot be melted due to low temperature, high heat dissipation speed of copper and the like during welding;
(7) the direct current reverse connection is adopted, the cathode cleaning effect is achieved on an oxide film on the surface of the material, and welding seam inclusions are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a metallographic structure of a weld in example 2 of a method for welding dissimilar metals, such as copper and steel, with preset nickel plates according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a metallurgical bonding microstructure of a weld metal and a steel side in an embodiment 2 of a welding method of copper-steel dissimilar metals with preset nickel sheets.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention discloses a copper-steel dissimilar metal welding method with preset nickel sheets, which comprises the following specific operation steps:
step 1: mechanically cleaning copper and steel test plates, then carrying out ultrasonic cleaning to remove surface impurities, then preheating copper and steel plates, and presetting nickel sheets at joints of the copper plates and the steel plates as filler metals of welding joints;
in the step 1, the ultrasonic cleaning time is 15-20 min, and the preheating temperature for preheating the copper plate is as follows: 200-350 ℃;
in step 1, the nickel sheet has the following size specification: length × width is 10mm × 5mm, and thickness is 1.2 mm;
in the step 1, the sizes of the copper plate and the steel plate are as follows: length × width × thickness is 100mm × 10mm × 5 mm;
in the step 1, the copper plate is a T2 copper plate, and the steel plate is a Q345 steel plate;
step 2: performing welding treatment on copper and steel plates by adopting a TIG (tungsten inert gas) self-fusion welding method;
in step 2, the concrete parameters of TIG self-fusion welding are as follows: melting a nickel sheet by using a welding gun with a tungsten electrode diameter of 3-4 mm, wherein the extension length of the tungsten electrode is 15-20mm, and the inclination angle is 75-80 degrees; the distance between the heating position of the TIG welding gun and the welding seam is 2-5mm, the welding current is 150-200A, the voltage is 20-25V, the protective gas is 99.99% pure argon, and the argon flow is 14-16L/min in the welding process; and the test plate is fixed by using the welding fixture, so that the deformation of the material is prevented from influencing the formation of the welding seam.
The copper plate used in examples 1 to 5 was a T2 copper plate, and the steel plate was a Q345 steel plate; the sizes of the copper plate and the steel plate are as follows: length × width × thickness is 100mm × 10mm × 5 mm.
Example 1
Step 1, preparation before welding: (1) and mechanically cleaning the copper and steel test plates, and then carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 15min to remove surface impurities. (2) The copper plate was preheated to a temperature of 280 ℃. (3) The nickel sheet with reasonable design specification is preset at the copper steel joint and used as filler metal of the welding joint, and the specification of the nickel sheet is 10mm multiplied by 5mm multiplied by 1.2 mm.
And 2, melting the nickel sheet by using a welding gun with the tungsten electrode diameter of 3mm, wherein the extension length of the tungsten electrode is 15mm, the inclination angle is 75 degrees, and the distance from the heating position of the TIG welding gun to the welding line is 2 mm. The welding current was 150A, the voltage was 22.5V, and the argon flow was 15L/min.
The mechanical property of the welded joint prepared in the method for welding the dissimilar metals of copper and steel with the preset nickel sheets in embodiment 1 is detected, the tensile strength of the welded joint is 217Mpa, the impact absorption power is 55J, and the average hardness of a welding seam area is 175HV0.1。
Example 2
Step 1, preparation before welding: (1) and mechanically cleaning the copper and steel test plates, and then carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 18min to remove surface impurities. (2) The copper plate was preheated to 300 ℃. (3) The nickel sheet with reasonable design specification is preset at the copper steel joint and used as filler metal of the welding joint, and the specification of the nickel sheet is 10mm multiplied by 5mm multiplied by 1.2 mm.
And 2, melting the nickel sheet by using a welding gun with the tungsten electrode diameter of 3mm, wherein the extension length of the tungsten electrode is 18mm, the inclination angle is 80 degrees, and the heating position of the TIG welding gun is 3mm away from the welding line. The welding current was 160A, the voltage was 23.5V, and the argon flow was 16L/min.
The welding joint prepared by the method for welding the copper-steel dissimilar metal with the preset nickel sheet in the embodiment 2 has the advantages that the tensile strength of the welding joint is 240Mpa, the impact absorption power is 63J, and the average hardness of a welding seam area is 192HV through mechanical property detection0.1。
Example 3
Step 1, preparation before welding: (1) and mechanically cleaning the copper and steel test plates, and then carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 20min to remove surface impurities. (2) The copper piece is preheated, and the preheating temperature is 330 ℃. (3) The nickel sheet with reasonable design specification is preset at the copper steel joint and used as filler metal of the welding joint, and the specification of the nickel sheet is 10mm multiplied by 5mm multiplied by 1.2 mm.
And 2, melting the nickel sheet by using a welding gun with the tungsten electrode diameter of 3mm, wherein the extension length of the tungsten electrode is 20mm, the inclination angle is 78 degrees, and the heating position of the TIG welding gun is 5mm away from the welding line. The welding current was 180A, the voltage was 25V, and the argon flow was 15L/min.
The welding joint prepared by the method for welding the dissimilar metals of the copper and the steel with the preset nickel sheets in the embodiment 3 has the advantages that the tensile strength of the welding joint is 230Mpa, the impact absorption power is 58J, and the average hardness of a welding seam area is 182HV0.1。
Example 4
Step 1, preparation before welding: (1) and mechanically cleaning the copper and steel test plates, and then carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 20min to remove surface impurities. (2) And preheating the copper piece at 200 ℃. (3) The nickel sheet with reasonable design specification is preset at the copper steel joint and used as filler metal of the welding joint, and the specification of the nickel sheet is 10mm multiplied by 5mm multiplied by 1.2 mm.
And 2, melting the nickel sheet by using a welding gun with the tungsten electrode diameter of 3mm, wherein the extension length of the tungsten electrode is 20mm, the inclination angle is 78 degrees, and the heating position of the TIG welding gun is 5mm away from the welding line. The welding current was 200A, the voltage was 20V, and the argon flow was 14L/min.
The welding joint prepared by the method for welding the copper-steel dissimilar metal with the preset nickel sheets in the embodiment 4 has the advantages that the tensile strength of the welding joint is 223Mpa, the impact absorption power is 50J, and the average hardness of a welding seam area is 171HV0.1. Example 5
Step 1, preparation before welding: (1) and mechanically cleaning the copper and steel test plates, and then carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 20min to remove surface impurities. (2) And preheating the copper piece at 350 ℃. (3) The nickel sheet with reasonable design specification is preset at the copper steel joint and used as filler metal of the welding joint, and the specification of the nickel sheet is 10mm multiplied by 5mm multiplied by 1.2 mm.
And 2, melting the nickel sheet by using a welding gun with the tungsten electrode diameter of 3mm, wherein the extension length of the tungsten electrode is 20mm, the inclination angle is 78 degrees, and the heating position of the TIG welding gun is 5mm away from the welding line. The welding current was 180A, the voltage was 25V, and the argon flow was 15L/min.
The welding joint prepared by the method for welding the dissimilar metals of the copper and the steel with the preset nickel sheets in the embodiment 5 has the advantages that the tensile strength of the welding joint is 219Mpa, the impact absorption power is 45J, and the average hardness of a welding seam area is 163HV0.1。
Welding parameters and joint mechanical properties in five experiments are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 welding parameters for examples 1-5
TABLE 2 examples 1-5 weld joint mechanics new energy
| Numbering | Tensile strength/Mpa | Impact absorption work/J | Weld hardness/HV0.1 |
| Example 1 | 217 | 55 | 175 |
| Example 2 | 240 | 63 | 192 |
| Example 3 | 230 | 58 | 182 |
| Example 4 | 223 | 50 | 171 |
| Example 5 | 219 | 45 | 163 |
In conclusion, five groups of comparison experiments show that the welded joint prepared by the welding method for the copper-steel dissimilar metals with the preset nickel sheets has good forming performance, does not have defects such as air holes and thermal cracks, and has strength and toughness reaching the performance level of the joint prepared by laser welding and MIG welding.
Claims (6)
1. A copper-steel dissimilar metal welding method with preset nickel sheets is characterized by comprising the following specific operation steps:
step 1: mechanically cleaning copper and steel test plates, then carrying out ultrasonic cleaning to remove surface impurities, then preheating a copper plate, and presetting nickel sheets at joints of the copper plate and the steel plate as filler metals of welding joints;
step 2: and performing welding treatment on the copper and steel plates by adopting a TIG (tungsten inert gas) self-fusion welding method.
2. The method for welding the dissimilar metals of copper and steel with the preset nickel sheets according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the ultrasonic cleaning time is 15-20 min, and the preheating temperature for preheating the copper plate is as follows: 200 to 350 ℃.
3. The method for welding the dissimilar metals of copper and steel with the preset nickel sheets according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the size specification of the nickel sheets is as follows: the length x width is 10mm x 5mm, and the thickness is 1.2 mm.
4. The method for welding the dissimilar metals of copper and steel with the preset nickel sheets according to claim 2, wherein in the step 1, the sizes of the copper plate and the steel plate are as follows: length × width × thickness is 100mm × 10mm × 5 mm.
5. The method for welding dissimilar metals, namely copper and steel, to preset nickel plates according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the copper plate is a T2 copper plate, and the steel plate is a Q345 steel plate.
6. The method for welding the dissimilar metals of copper and steel with the preset nickel sheets according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the specific parameters of TIG self-fusion welding are as follows: melting a nickel sheet by using a welding gun with a tungsten electrode diameter of 3-4 mm, wherein the extension length of the tungsten electrode is 15-20mm, and the inclination angle is 75-80 degrees; the distance between the heating position of the TIG welding gun and the welding line is 2-5mm, the welding current is 150-200A, the voltage is 20-25V, the protective gas is 99.99% pure argon, and the argon flow is 14-16L/min in the welding process.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010089431.5A CN111168204A (en) | 2020-02-12 | 2020-02-12 | Copper-steel dissimilar metal welding method with preset nickel sheets |
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| CN202010089431.5A CN111168204A (en) | 2020-02-12 | 2020-02-12 | Copper-steel dissimilar metal welding method with preset nickel sheets |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113001024A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-06-22 | 松山湖材料实验室 | Laser welding method for dissimilar materials |
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- 2020-02-12 CN CN202010089431.5A patent/CN111168204A/en active Pending
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| CN101733524A (en) * | 2008-11-17 | 2010-06-16 | 北京卫星环境工程研究所 | Leakproof welding method of stainless steel pipe and copper fin |
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Application publication date: 20200519 |