CN100556602C - The method of soldering of ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser or laser braze-welding - Google Patents
The method of soldering of ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser or laser braze-welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN100556602C CN100556602C CN 200710144908 CN200710144908A CN100556602C CN 100556602 C CN100556602 C CN 100556602C CN 200710144908 CN200710144908 CN 200710144908 CN 200710144908 A CN200710144908 A CN 200710144908A CN 100556602 C CN100556602 C CN 100556602C
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Abstract
The method of soldering of ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser or laser braze-welding, it relates to a kind of welding method.The invention solves have in laser pricker (melting) weldering low melting point coated metal or laser pricker (melt) the weldering dissimilar metal process that wetting and spreading is poor, loading inadequately, problem such as pore and solder are lack of penetration.Method of the present invention is as follows: in utilizing laser braze welding low melting point coated metal or laser braze-welding dissimilar metal process, apply the ultrasonic wave of high-frequency vibration simultaneously in the welded seam area that is about to solidify.The inventive method has and reduces or avoided air holes, reduce the advantage of welding cost.The ultrasonic wave dither can make molten solder fully mobile, help the wetting and spreading of molten solder and, increased weld pool width and weld seam loading, avoided the generation of weld defect such as lack of penetration, undercut to the infiltration of weld seam bottom, improve appearance of weld, improved weld strength.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to materials processing engineering field, it relates to a kind of welding method.
Background technology
As everyone knows, the high-quality of dissimilar metals such as low melting point coated metal such as galvanized sheet and titanium and aluminium, aluminium and steel, copper and steel, efficiently to be connected be a technical barrier of welding field always.This mainly is because welding is easy to generate pore, the low inferior problem of joint corrosion resistance for the low melting point coated metal; And for the connection of foreign material, physical property difference causes joint to have bigger residual stress; The crystal chemistry performance difference makes weld seam very easily generate crisp hard intermetallic compound in addition, and both all make joint performance descend.
Compare with other thermal source pricker (melting) weldering, solid phase connecting method, laser pricker (melting) is though weldering has the speed of welding height; Workpiece size to be welded and joint form are unrestricted; Laser pricker (melting) soldering set has low heat input, can reduce the weldment distortion; Laser pricker (melting) the welder parameter high flexible of planting is adjustable, can accurately control heating region and heat time heating time, the harmful interfacial reaction between restriction solder and the refractory metal; Laser energy distributes adjustable (single beam, dual-beam and rectangular light spot), and the temperature field that can control heating region distributes, and can not only improve the wetting and spreading of solder, can also control interfacial reaction; And easily realize advantages such as automation.But occur easily when adopting laser pricker (melt) weldering that wetting and spreading is poor, loading inadequately, some weld defects such as pore and solder are lack of penetration.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to have in laser pricker (melting) weldering low melting point coated metal or laser pricker (melt) the weldering dissimilar metal process in order to solve that wetting and spreading is poor, loading inadequately, problem such as pore and solder are lack of penetration; And provide the method for soldering of a kind of ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser or laser braze-welding.Method of the present invention is applicable to that low melting point coated metal or steel plate are connected with the non-ferrous metal board foreign material.
The method of soldering of ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser or laser braze-welding is to combine with laser pricker (melting) welder skill with ultrasonic wave to weld low melting point coated metal or different metal materials among the present invention, promptly in utilizing laser braze welding low melting point coated metal or laser braze-welding dissimilar metal process, in the welded seam area that is about to solidify, apply simultaneously the ultrasonic wave of high-frequency vibration, ultrasonic wave is produced by ultrasonic brazing unit, ultrasonic brazing unit vertically acts on welded seam area top, its operating pressure P
PressureBe that 0.1～0.5MPa and operating frequency are 20～100kHz, laser with the form that defocuses simultaneously direct irradiation on workpiece and welding wire, the energy proportioning that acts on welding wire and the workpiece is 1.2～1.3: 1, laser spot diameter is 2～5mm, the angle a of laser and ultrasonic brazing unit is between 5 °～30 °, and the angle β between welding wire and the workpiece is between 15 °～45 °.
Method of the present invention mainly contains following several respects advantage:
1. the ultrasonic wave dither can make molten solder fully mobile, help the wetting and spreading of molten solder and, increased weld pool width and weld seam loading, avoided the generation of weld defect such as lack of penetration, undercut to the infiltration of weld seam bottom, improve appearance of weld, improved weld strength;
2. the ultrasonic wave dither can make the certain stirring action of the inner generation of molten solder, the heat of ultrasonic vibration generation can reduce the cooldown rate of molten solder in addition, these all help fully overflowing of gas in the liquid metal, reduce or have avoided air holes;
3. the ultrasonic wave dither can the refinement weld grain, has further improved weld properties.
4. reduced welding cost.Connect for single laser braze-welding, in order to guarantee to obtain the bigger diameter of sprawling, the general spot diameter of selecting is relatively large, but spot diameter is big more, and laser power required under the similarity condition is high more, has increased welding cost greatly; And adopt this inventive method, and because ultrasonic vibration can improve the wetting and spreading of solder, therefore, can correspondingly reduce laser spot diameter, thereby reduce laser power, saved welding cost greatly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser pricker (a melting) welding schematic diagram in the specific embodiment three.Fig. 2 is ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser pricker (a melting) welding schematic diagram in the specific embodiment four.Fig. 3 is ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser pricker (a melting) welding schematic diagram in the specific embodiment five.1 expression laser among Fig. 1-Fig. 3,2 expression welding wires, 3 expression luffing bars, 4 expression workpiece, 5 expression wire feed ignition tips, 6 expression weld seams, 7 expression ultrasonic brazing units, 8 expression transducers, v
fThe expression wire feed rate, v represents speed of welding, P
PressureThe expression operating pressure, f represents operating frequency, and a is the angle of laser and ultrasonic brazing unit, and β is the angle between welding wire and the workpiece.Fig. 4 is the face of weld figure that Ti-Al different alloys laser braze-welding connects, and Fig. 5 is the section of weld joint shape appearance figure that Ti-Al different alloys laser braze-welding connects.Fig. 6 is the face of weld figure that Ti-Al different alloys ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser braze-welding connects.Fig. 7 is the section of weld joint shape appearance figure that Ti-Al different alloys ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser braze-welding connects.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: the method for (referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) present embodiment ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser pricker (melting) weldering is to combine with laser pricker (melting) welder skill with ultrasonic wave to weld low melting point coated metal or different metal materials, promptly in utilizing laser braze welding low melting point coated metal or laser braze-welding dissimilar metal process, in the welded seam area that is about to solidify, apply simultaneously the ultrasonic wave of high-frequency vibration, ultrasonic wave is produced by ultrasonic brazing unit, ultrasonic brazing unit vertically acts on welded seam area top, its operating pressure P
PressureBe that 0.1～0.5MPa and operating frequency are 20～100kHz, laser with the form that defocuses simultaneously direct irradiation on workpiece and welding wire, the energy proportioning that acts on welding wire and the workpiece is 1.2～1.3: 1, laser spot diameter is 2～5mm, the angle a of laser and ultrasonic brazing unit is between 5 °～30 °, and the angle β between welding wire and the workpiece is between 15 °～45 °.
Laser facula is specifically determined according to weld seam situation and gage of wire in the present embodiment, guaranteeing to select less relatively spot diameter under the situation that welding wire fully melts, helps reducing laser power like this, saves cost.Wire feed rate v
fShould be complementary with speed of welding v, be the welding wire of 2.0mm for diameter, its ratio K (K=v
f/ v) should be between 2.5～3.5.
The specific embodiment two: what present embodiment and the specific embodiment one were different is that laser is by CO
2Gas laser, YAG solid state laser or semiconductor laser output.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment three: (referring to Fig. 1) present embodiment and the specific embodiment one are different is that the luffing bar of ultrasonic brazing unit and laser and welding wire act in the middle of the weld seam in line, is 3～6mm apart from d between ultrasonic variable amplitude bar and the laser incoming position.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment four: (referring to Fig. 2) present embodiment and the specific embodiment one are different is that two rollers of ultrasonic brazing unit luffing bar act on the weld seam both sides, space D is 3～7mm between two rollers, will be controlled between 0～4mm apart from d between luffing bar and the laser incoming position simultaneously.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
In the present embodiment between two rollers space D can determine free adjustment according to weld pool width, make two rollers of luffing bar just in time act on both sides, liquid molten bath.
The specific embodiment five: (referring to Fig. 3) present embodiment and the specific embodiment one are different is that two luffing bars of arranging side by side of ultrasonic brazing unit act on the weld seam both sides respectively simultaneously, spacing is 3～7mm between two rollers of two luffing bars, and distance is controlled between 0～4mm between luffing bar and the laser incoming position.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
In the present embodiment between two rollers space D can determine free adjustment according to weld pool width, make two rollers of luffing bar just in time act on both sides, liquid molten bath.
The specific embodiment six: present embodiment and the specific embodiment one are different is that the operating pressure of ultrasonic brazing unit is 0.2～0.4MPa.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment seven: present embodiment and the specific embodiment one are different is that the operating pressure of ultrasonic brazing unit is 0.3MPa.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment eight: present embodiment and the specific embodiment one are different is that the operating frequency of ultrasonic brazing unit is 40～90kHz.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment nine: present embodiment and the specific embodiment one are different is that the operating frequency of ultrasonic brazing unit is 60kHz.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment ten: present embodiment and the specific embodiment one are different is that the operating frequency of ultrasonic brazing unit is 80kHz.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment 11: present embodiment and the specific embodiment one are different is that the angle a of laser and ultrasonic brazing unit is 10 °～25 °.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment 12: present embodiment and the specific embodiment one are different is that the angle a of laser and ultrasonic brazing unit is 15 °.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment 13: present embodiment and the specific embodiment one are different is that the angle a of laser and ultrasonic brazing unit is 20 °.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment 14: present embodiment and the specific embodiment one are different is that angle β between welding wire and the workpiece is 20 °～40 °.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment 15: present embodiment and the specific embodiment one are different is that angle β between welding wire and the workpiece is 30 °.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment 16: present embodiment and the specific embodiment one are different is that angle β between welding wire and the workpiece is 35 °.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment 17: adopt CO in the present embodiment respectively
2The CO that laser braze-welding method and ultrasonic wave are auxiliary
2Laser braze-welding method is docked welding to thick 5A06 aluminium alloy of 2mm and the thick Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy dissimilar materials of 1.5mm.
In laser braze-welding method, laser vertical is incident in face of weld, and laser power P is 1800W, and spot diameter is 4mm, and the energy proportioning that acts on welding wire and the workpiece is 1.25: 1.During welding, the angle β between welding wire and the workpiece is 30 °, speed of welding v and wire feed rate v
fBe respectively 0.5m/min and 1.5m/min, its face of weld and cross section pattern are as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.By Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 as can be seen, because the molten solder wetting and spreading is relatively poor, cause molten solder less to the infiltration of weld seam bottom, weld pool width is narrower, front reinforcement height, and generally from interfacial fracture, its tensile strength is generally about 290MPa during stretching.
When adopting the auxiliary laser braze-welding of ultrasonic wave to tap into row to connect, its welder schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1, laser and ultrasonic bonding effect angle a are 15 °, operating pressure P
PressureBe 0.3MPa, operating frequency is 20kHz, and it is consistent that other welding condition and laser braze-welding connect, and its face of weld and cross section pattern are as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7.By Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 as can be seen, because hyperacoustic booster action helps molten solder and sprawls to weld seam bottom and both sides simultaneously, cause the increase of weld pool width and penetration, weld reinforcement reduces; Simultaneously, because the ultrasonic wave dither can crystal grain thinning, improved the weld seam hot strength greatly, generally from the fusion area fracture, its tensile strength is increased to about 320MPa when causing weld seam to stretch.
Claims (10)
1, the method of soldering of a kind of ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser or laser braze-welding, the method that it is characterized in that soldering of ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser or laser braze-welding is to combine with laser braze welding or laser braze-welding technology with ultrasonic wave to weld low melting point coated metal or different metal materials, promptly in utilizing laser braze welding low melting point coated metal or laser braze-welding dissimilar metal process, in the welded seam area that is about to solidify, apply simultaneously the ultrasonic wave of high-frequency vibration, ultrasonic wave is produced by ultrasonic brazing unit, ultrasonic brazing unit vertically acts on the welded seam area top, its operating pressure P pressure is that 0.1～0.5MPa and operating frequency are 20～100kHz, laser with the form that defocuses simultaneously direct irradiation on workpiece and welding wire, the energy proportioning that acts on welding wire and the workpiece is 1.2～1.3: 1, laser spot diameter is 2～5mm, the angle a of laser and ultrasonic brazing unit is between 5 °～30 °, and the angle β between welding wire and the workpiece is between 15 °～45 °.
2, the method for ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser according to claim 1 soldering or laser braze-welding, it is characterized in that the luffing bar of ultrasonic brazing unit and laser and welding wire act in the middle of the weld seam in line, is 3～6mm apart from d between ultrasonic variable amplitude bar and the laser incoming position.
3, the method for ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser according to claim 1 soldering or laser braze-welding, two rollers that it is characterized in that the luffing bar of ultrasonic brazing unit act on the weld seam both sides, space D is 3～7mm between two rollers, will be controlled between 0～4mm apart from d between luffing bar and the laser incoming position simultaneously.
4, the method for ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser according to claim 1 soldering or laser braze-welding, two luffing bars of arranging side by side that it is characterized in that ultrasonic brazing unit act on the weld seam both sides respectively simultaneously, spacing is 3～7mm between two rollers of two luffing bars, and distance is controlled between 0～4mm between luffing bar and the laser incoming position.
5, the method for ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser according to claim 1 soldering or laser braze-welding, the operating pressure that it is characterized in that ultrasonic brazing unit is 0.2～0.4MPa.
6, the method for ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser according to claim 1 soldering or laser braze-welding, the operating frequency that it is characterized in that ultrasonic brazing unit is 40～90kHz.
7, the method for ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser according to claim 1 soldering or laser braze-welding, the operating frequency that it is characterized in that ultrasonic brazing unit is 60kHz.
8, the method for ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser according to claim 1 soldering or laser braze-welding, the operating frequency that it is characterized in that ultrasonic brazing unit is 80kHz.
9, the method for ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser according to claim 1 soldering or laser braze-welding, the angle a that it is characterized in that laser and ultrasonic brazing unit is 10 °～25 °.
10, the method for ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser according to claim 1 soldering or laser braze-welding is characterized in that the angle β between welding wire and the workpiece is 20 °～40 °.
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| CN 200710144908 CN100556602C (en) | 2007-12-24 | 2007-12-24 | The method of soldering of ultrasonic wave auxiliary laser or laser braze-welding |
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