CN105710537A - Ultrasonic assistec laser electric arc composite welding method of aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Ultrasonic assistec laser electric arc composite welding method of aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN105710537A CN105710537A CN201610290848.1A CN201610290848A CN105710537A CN 105710537 A CN105710537 A CN 105710537A CN 201610290848 A CN201610290848 A CN 201610290848A CN 105710537 A CN105710537 A CN 105710537A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrasonic assisted laser electric arc composite welding method of an aluminum alloy. On the basis of carrying out a welding scheme by combining TIG electric arc welding and laser welding, ultrasonic vibration pressure is introduced into a welding seam, wherein a designed vibration head is in direct contact with the welding seam, so that ultrasonic resources can be more sufficiently utilized, and gas in the welding seam can be rapidly escaped; most of gas in the welding seam is removed so that welding seam gas pore defects are reduced or avoided; tissue crystal grains of the welding seam are remarkably refined by utilizing cavitation effect and acoustic streaming effect caused by the fact that ultrasonic waves are transmitted in liquid, and furthermore, tissue alloy elements of the welding seam are more uniform, segregation is reduced, the strength and corrosion resistance performance of the welding seam are improved, and the performance of a welding connector is improved; and welding residual stress is effectively eliminated or reduced and the strength and corrosion resistance performance of the connector are enhanced, so that the efficient welding of the aluminum alloy is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added laser electrical arc complex welding method, belong to metal welding techniques field.
Background technology
The alloy general name that it is base with aluminum that aluminium alloy refers to.Main alloy element has copper, silicon, magnesium, zinc, manganese, and secondary alloying element has nickel, ferrum, titanium, chromium, lithium etc..Aluminium alloy density is low, but strength ratio is higher, and near or above high-quality steel, plasticity is good, can be processed into various section bar, has the electric conductivity of excellent auspicious cloud torch, heat conductivity and a corrosion stability, industrial widely uses, and makes consumption be only second to steel.Aluminium alloy is a most widely used class non-ferrous metal structural material in industry, widely applies in Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, machine-building, boats and ships aluminium alloy and chemical industry.
The welding of aluminium alloy is generally adopted TIG weldering and MIG Welding, but it is relatively big to be primarily present thermal weld stress in welding process, causes that welding deformation is relatively big, and speed of welding is slow, and welding efficiency is low.Additionally, under hot conditions, hydrogen is dissolved in molten pool metal in welding process, when solidification and phase transformation, the dissolubility of gas declines and has little time effusion, causes there is a large amount of pore in weld seam.The feature such as laser weld has power density height, thermal weld stress is low, welding heat affected zone is little and welding deformation is little so that it is be subject to attention especially in Welded field.But yet suffering from bottleneck problem in the laser weld of aluminium alloy, such as aluminium alloy to the high initial reflectance of laser beam and the high-termal conductivity of itself, enable aluminum alloy to before unfused the absorbance of laser is low, the induction of " aperture " is relatively difficult；The ionization energy of aluminum is low, and in welding process, photo plasma is prone to process and diffusion so that welding stability is poor；Laser welding of aluminum alloy easily produces pore and fire check；The scaling loss of alloying element in welding process, enables aluminum alloy to the mechanical properties decrease of welding point.
Additionally, due to it is uneven to be heated in welding process, welding point often produces certain residual stress and welding deformation, and the existence of this type of defect can directly affect welding quality.Traditional elimination residual stress and correct the main method of deformation and have hammering, mechanical vibration, post weld heat treatment etc., the major drawbacks of these processing methods is in that complex operation, consuming time, and effect is less obvious.
Ultrasound wave is a kind of circulation way of mechanical energy, and applying supersonic vibration in process of setting is one of effective ways improving tissue.Welding process introduces supersonic vibration and stirring action can be played in molten bath, accelerate gas effusion, weld porosity is effectively suppressed to produce, additionally, supersonic vibration can reduce or eliminate joint residual stress, butt welding picks up rectification metamorphosis, weld grain can be refined simultaneously, make seam organization homogenization more, reduce crackle, improve weld seam decay resistance and mechanical property.
Chinese patent CN101670495A discloses the laser-TIG electric arc hybrid welding technology of a kind of middle thick Aerospace Aluminum, it is primarily characterized in that and non-melt pole TIG electric arc and laser beam are focused on same position on workpiece along welding direction, it is collectively forming a molten bath, during welding, laser beam is in front, and TIG electric arc is in the wings.This patent solves the aluminium alloy absorption problem to laser, improves the utilization rate of laser energy.This patent is disadvantageous in that, for the greatest problem existed in Welded, namely welding point exists the problem of a large amount of pore and remains without solution.
Chinese patent CN104785926A discloses a kind of ultrasonic field coupled laser-MIG congruent melting pond aluminum alloy solder technology, it is characterized in that the mode by the vibration of coupling ultrasonic in Laser-MIG Composite Welding molten bath, reach to reduce or eliminate aluminium alloy Laser-MIG Composite Welding joint pore, improve the purpose of welding joint structure.This patent adopts MIG electric arc, with the method for laser compound, aluminium alloy is carried out coupled ultrasonic field and welds, but the heat input of MIG electric arc is relatively big, and welding process poor stability, cause welding deformation relatively big and molten bath fluctuation.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of welding based on TIG electric arc and combines on the basis carrying out welding scheme with laser weld, ultrasonic activation pressure is introduced, it is achieved the aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added laser electrical arc complex welding method of aluminium alloy efficient welding for weld seam.
The present invention is to solve above-mentioned technical problem by the following technical solutions: the present invention devises a kind of aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added laser electrical arc complex welding method, first, pretreatment operation is carried out for region, gap to be welded on aluminium alloy, then for the gap to be welded on aluminium alloy, adopt TIG electric arc welding manner and laser weld mode to form congruent melting pond, move along path, gap and weld；And form congruent melting pond adopting TIG electric arc welding manner and laser weld mode, while carrying out welding for the gap to be welded on aluminium alloy, the path in gap to be welded along aluminium alloy, following TIG electric arc welding manner closely to weld for the movement in gap with laser weld mode, vertical needle butt welded seam surface applies the ultrasonic activation pressure of preset pressure size.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: described for the pretreatment operation of region, gap to be welded on aluminium alloy, including the oxide-film removing surface, region, aluminium alloy gap to be welded, and remove moisture and the greasy dirt on surface.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: described TIG electric arc welding manner adopts interconnective tig arc welding machine and TIG arc welding gun, described laser weld mode adopts interconnective laser instrument and laser welding gun, wherein, in TIG arc welding gun, the angle between tungsten electrode and slit surfaces to be welded is 45 ° of 60 ° of angles, and the laser light incident direction of laser welding gun is vertical with slit surfaces to be welded.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: described laser instrument is CO2Any one in laser instrument, solid state laser, light pricker laser instrument or semiconductor laser.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: described vertical needle butt welded seam surface applies the ultrasonic activation pressure of preset pressure size, employing ultrasonic vibration apparatus realizes, wherein, ultrasonic vibration apparatus includes supersonic generator and ultrasonic vibration tool head, wherein, ultrasonic vibration tool head includes transducer, horn and vibration head, transducer is arranged in horn, vibration head is arranged on wherein one end of horn, supersonic generator is connected with transducer by wire, the top that ultrasonic vibration tool head is positioned on aluminium alloy gap to be welded, supersonic generator adopts vibration head vertical needle butt welded seam surface to apply the ultrasonic activation pressure of preset pressure size by ultrasonic vibration tool head.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: described ultrasonic vibration apparatus also includes pressure transducer, pressure transducer is arranged in described vibration head on the face of weld seam, for detection ultrasonic vibration apparatus in real time for the size of vertical needle butt welded seam surface pressure applied.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: it is 0.1MPa-0.5MPa that described vertical needle butt welded seam surface applies the pressure limit of ultrasonic activation pressure.
A kind of aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added laser electrical arc complex welding method of the present invention adopts above technical scheme compared with prior art, have following technical effect that the aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added laser electrical arc complex welding method that the present invention designs, combine on the basis carrying out welding scheme based on the welding of TIG electric arc with laser weld, ultrasonic activation pressure is introduced for weld seam, wherein, designed vibration head directly contacts with weld seam, can more make full use of ultrasonic resource, accelerate gas in weld metal effusion, remove major part gas in weld seam, and then reduce or avoid weld porosity defect；And cavitation effect when utilizing ultrasound wave to propagate in a liquid and acoustic streaming effect, make seam organization crystal grain significantly be refined, make seam organization alloying element more uniform, reduce segregation, make weld strength and decay resistance improve, improve property of welded joint further；Effectively eliminate or reduce welding residual stress, strengthening strength of joint and decay resistance；Thus achieve the efficient welding for aluminium alloy, effectively eliminate or reduce welding point pore, eliminate or reduce welding point residual stress, refining joint microstructure, improving weld quality, thus realize aluminium alloy efficiently, high-quality welding.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the operation chart of the aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added laser electrical arc complex welding method that the present invention designs.
Wherein, 1. laser instrument, 2. laser welding gun, 3. laser beam, 4.TIG arc welding gun, 5.TIG welding machine, 6. aluminium alloy plate, 7. weld seam, 8. vibration head, 9. horn, 10. transducer, 11. supersonic generators.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention designs aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added laser electrical arc complex welding method in the middle of actual application, first, pretreatment operation is carried out for region, gap to be welded on aluminium alloy plate 6, including the oxide-film removing surface, region, aluminium alloy plate 6 gap to be welded, and remove moisture and the greasy dirt on surface, then with frock clamp, aluminium alloy plate 6 is fixed.
Then for the gap to be welded on aluminium alloy plate 6, adopt TIG electric arc welding manner and laser weld mode to form congruent melting pond, move along path, gap and weld；Wherein, TIG electric arc welding manner adopts interconnective tig arc welding machine 5 and TIG arc welding gun 4, TIG electric arc welding manner adopts interconnective tig arc welding machine 5 and TIG arc welding gun 4, in TIG arc welding gun 4, the angle between tungsten electrode and slit surfaces to be welded is 45 ° of 60 ° of angles, the laser light incident direction of laser welding gun 2 is vertical with slit surfaces to be welded, TIG arc welding gun 4 and laser welding gun 2 cooperation, for the gap to be welded on aluminium alloy plate 6, form congruent melting pond, move along path, gap and weld for the gap to be welded on aluminium alloy plate 6, in practical application, laser instrument 1 is CO2Any one in laser instrument, solid state laser, light pricker laser instrument or semiconductor laser；Meanwhile, the path in gap to be welded along aluminium alloy plate 6, follow TIG electric arc welding manner closely to weld for the movement in gap with laser weld mode, ultrasonic vibration apparatus vertical needle butt welded seam 7 surface is adopted to apply the ultrasonic activation pressure of preset pressure size, wherein, ultrasonic vibration apparatus includes supersonic generator 11 and ultrasonic vibration tool head, ultrasonic vibration tool head includes transducer 10, horn 9, vibration head 8 and pressure transducer, transducer 10 is arranged in horn 9, vibration head 8 is arranged on wherein one end of horn 9, supersonic generator 11 is connected with transducer 10 by wire, ultrasonic vibration tool head is positioned on aluminium alloy plate 6 top in gap to be welded, pressure transducer is arranged in described vibration head 8 on the face of weld seam 7, for detecting the ultrasonic vibration apparatus size for vertical needle butt welded seam 7 surface pressure applied in real time, and according to being obtained detection pressure size, control supersonic generator 11 to work, ultrasonic vibration tool head is made to adopt vibration head 8, vertical needle butt welded seam 7 surface applies the ultrasonic activation pressure of preset pressure size, accelerate gas effusion in weld seam 7, remove major part gas in weld seam 7, and then reduce or avoid weld seam 7 gas hole defect；And cavitation effect when utilizing ultrasound wave to propagate in a liquid and acoustic streaming effect, make weld seam 7 organize crystal grain significantly to be refined, make weld seam 7 organize alloying element more uniform, reduce segregation, make weld seam 7 intensity and decay resistance improve, improve property of welded joint further；In addition, moreover it is possible to effectively eliminate or reduce welding residual stress, strength of joint and decay resistance are strengthened.In practical application, through repeatedly testing, supersonic generator 11 is produced hyperacoustic operating frequency and is set to 50-100kHz, and vertical needle butt welded seam 7 surface applies the ultrasonic activation pressure of 0.1MPa-0.5MPa size, best results.
The aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added laser electrical arc complex welding method of technique scheme design, combine on the basis carrying out welding scheme based on the welding of TIG electric arc with laser weld, ultrasonic activation pressure is introduced for weld seam 7, wherein, designed vibration head 8 directly contacts with weld seam 7, it is possible to more make full use of ultrasonic resource, accelerates gas effusion in weld seam 7, remove major part gas in weld seam 7, and then reduce or avoid weld seam 7 gas hole defect；And cavitation effect when utilizing ultrasound wave to propagate in a liquid and acoustic streaming effect, make weld seam 7 organize crystal grain significantly to be refined, make weld seam 7 organize alloying element more uniform, reduce segregation, make weld seam 7 intensity and decay resistance improve, improve property of welded joint further；Effectively eliminate or reduce welding residual stress, strengthening strength of joint and decay resistance；Thus achieve the efficient welding for aluminium alloy plate 6, effectively eliminate or minimizing welding point pore, eliminate or reduce welding point residual stress, refining joint microstructure, improving weld quality, thus realizing efficient, the high-quality welding of aluminium alloy plate 6.
The present invention designs aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added laser electrical arc complex welding method in the middle of actual application, concrete such as below embodiment, wherein embodiment one, first against 5083 aluminium alloy plates being of a size of 200 × 200 × 4, pretreatment is carried out by method for designing of the present invention, then this 5083 aluminium alloy plate is placed on auxiliary process equipment, uses clamping device to be clamped by 5083 aluminium alloy plates；Then supersonic generator 11, tig arc welding machine 5, laser instrument 1 are opened; welding condition is adjusted to desired parameters; wherein, laser power P=5kW, speed of welding v=6m/min; defocusing amount △ f=+2mm; electric current is 130A, and protective gas is argon, shield gas flow rate q=30L/min; supersonic generator 11 is produced hyperacoustic operating frequency and is set to 50kHz, and vibration head 8 remains 0.1MPa for the pressure of weld seam 7；In TIG arc welding gun 4, the angle between tungsten electrode and slit surfaces to be welded is 45 °, the laser light incident direction of laser welding gun 2 is vertical with slit surfaces to be welded, TIG arc welding gun 4 and laser welding gun 2 cooperation, for the gap to be welded on this 5083 aluminium alloy plate, form congruent melting pond, move along path, gap and weld for the gap to be welded on this 5083 aluminium alloy plate；Meanwhile, adopt designed pressure transducer, detection ultrasonic vibration apparatus is for the size of vertical needle butt welded seam 7 surface pressure applied in real time, according to being obtained detection pressure size, the path in gap to be welded along aluminium alloy plate, follow TIG electric arc welding manner closely to weld for the movement in gap with laser weld mode, control supersonic generator 11 to work, ultrasonic vibration tool head above the gap to be welded that makes to be positioned on aluminium alloy plate adopts vibration head 8, vertical needle butt welded seam 7 surface applies the ultrasonic activation pressure of 0.1MPa size, thus, realize the welding for this 5083 aluminium alloy plate, finally, laser instrument 1 is closed after end to be welded, supersonic generator 11 and protective gas.
Embodiment 2, first against 5052 aluminium alloy plates being of a size of 200 × 200 × 7, carries out pretreatment by method for designing of the present invention, is then placed in by this 5052 aluminium alloy plate on auxiliary process equipment, uses clamping device to be clamped by 5052 aluminium alloy plates；Then supersonic generator 11, tig arc welding machine 5, laser instrument 1 are opened; welding condition is adjusted to desired parameters; wherein, laser power P=4kW, speed of welding v=1.2m/min; defocusing amount △ f=-2mm; electric current is 140A, and protective gas is argon, shield gas flow rate q=30L/min; supersonic generator 11 is produced hyperacoustic operating frequency and is set to 50kHz, and vibration head 8 remains 0.3MPa for the pressure of weld seam 7；In TIG arc welding gun 4, the angle between tungsten electrode and slit surfaces to be welded is 60 °, the laser light incident direction of laser welding gun 2 is vertical with slit surfaces to be welded, TIG arc welding gun 4 and laser welding gun 2 cooperation, for the gap to be welded on this 5052 aluminium alloy plate, form congruent melting pond, move along path, gap and weld for the gap to be welded on this 5052 aluminium alloy plate；Meanwhile, adopt designed pressure transducer, detection ultrasonic vibration apparatus is for the size of vertical needle butt welded seam 7 surface pressure applied in real time, according to being obtained detection pressure size, the path in gap to be welded along aluminium alloy plate, follow TIG electric arc welding manner closely to weld for the movement in gap with laser weld mode, control supersonic generator 11 to work, ultrasonic vibration tool head above the gap to be welded that makes to be positioned on aluminium alloy plate adopts vibration head 8, vertical needle butt welded seam 7 surface applies the ultrasonic activation pressure of 0.3MPa size, thus, realize the welding for this 5052 aluminium alloy plate, finally, laser instrument 1 is closed after end to be welded, supersonic generator 11 and protective gas.
Above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, in the ken that those of ordinary skill in the art possess, it is also possible to make a variety of changes under the premise without departing from present inventive concept.
Claims (7)
1. an aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added laser electrical arc complex welding method, first, pretreatment operation is carried out for region, gap to be welded on aluminium alloy, then for the gap to be welded on aluminium alloy, adopt TIG electric arc welding manner and laser weld mode to form congruent melting pond, move along path, gap and weld；It is characterized in that: form congruent melting pond adopting TIG electric arc welding manner and laser weld mode, while carrying out welding for the gap to be welded on aluminium alloy, the path in gap to be welded along aluminium alloy, following TIG electric arc welding manner closely to weld for the movement in gap with laser weld mode, vertical needle butt welded seam surface applies the ultrasonic activation pressure of preset pressure size.
2. a kind of aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added laser electrical arc complex welding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described for the pretreatment operation of region, gap to be welded on aluminium alloy, including the oxide-film removing surface, region, aluminium alloy gap to be welded, and remove moisture and the greasy dirt on surface.
3. a kind of aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added laser electrical arc complex welding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described TIG electric arc welding manner adopts interconnective tig arc welding machine and TIG arc welding gun, described laser weld mode adopts interconnective laser instrument and laser welding gun, wherein, in TIG arc welding gun, angle between tungsten electrode and slit surfaces to be welded is
45 ° of 60 ° of angles, the laser light incident direction of laser welding gun is vertical with slit surfaces to be welded.
4. a kind of aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added laser electrical arc complex welding method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described laser instrument is CO2Any one in laser instrument, solid state laser, light pricker laser instrument or semiconductor laser.
5. a kind of aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added laser electrical arc complex welding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described vertical needle butt welded seam surface applies the ultrasonic activation pressure of preset pressure size, employing ultrasonic vibration apparatus realizes, wherein, ultrasonic vibration apparatus includes supersonic generator and ultrasonic vibration tool head, wherein, ultrasonic vibration tool head includes transducer, horn and vibration head, transducer is arranged in horn, vibration head is arranged on wherein one end of horn, supersonic generator is connected with transducer by wire, the top that ultrasonic vibration tool head is positioned on aluminium alloy gap to be welded, supersonic generator adopts vibration head vertical needle butt welded seam surface to apply the ultrasonic activation pressure of preset pressure size by ultrasonic vibration tool head.
6. a kind of aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added laser electrical arc complex welding method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described ultrasonic vibration apparatus also includes pressure transducer, pressure transducer is arranged in described vibration head on the face of weld seam, for detection ultrasonic vibration apparatus in real time for the size of vertical needle butt welded seam surface pressure applied.
7. a kind of aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added laser electrical arc complex welding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: it is 0.1MPa-0.5MPa that described vertical needle butt welded seam surface applies the pressure limit of ultrasonic activation pressure.
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