CN106583928A - Non-preheating optical fiber laser-arc composite welding method for copper busbars - Google Patents
Non-preheating optical fiber laser-arc composite welding method for copper busbars Download PDFInfo
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- CN106583928A CN106583928A CN201611251455.6A CN201611251455A CN106583928A CN 106583928 A CN106583928 A CN 106583928A CN 201611251455 A CN201611251455 A CN 201611251455A CN 106583928 A CN106583928 A CN 106583928A
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- Prior art keywords
- welding
- copper busbar
- fiber laser
- preheat
- optical
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/32—Wires
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a non-preheating optical fiber laser-arc composite welding method for copper busbars. The method comprises the following steps that a Y-shaped groove is formed between the two pre-butt joint copper busbars, polishing is conducted, and then a laser head and a welding gun are combined together; in the welding process, the gap between the two pre-butt joint copper busbars is adjusted, so that the spacing between the two pre-butt joint copper busbars is gradually enlarged; meanwhile, the welding gun is started, and a high-temperature liquid molten pool is formed in the upper portion of the Y-shaped groove through arcs emitted by the welding gun; welding wires are provided for the high-temperature liquid molten pool, the bottom of the high-temperature liquid molten pool is irradiated through laser beams emitted by the laser head, and then deep molten holes are formed in the bottom of the high-temperature liquid molten pool, so that liquid metal in the high-temperature liquid molten pool seeps downwards under the effect of gravity; and finally, the gap between the two pre-butt joint copper busbars is filled, and welding of the two pre-butt joint copper busbars is completed. According to the non-preheating optical fiber laser-arc composite welding method for the copper busbars, preheating does not need to be conducted on the copper busbars, weld joints are narrow, and welding joint performance is good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to welding technology field, is related to one kind and does not preheat the electric arc combined welding side of optical-fiber laser for copper busbar
Method.
Background technology
Copper busbar has the advantages that electric conductivity is excellent, corrosion resistance and good, is a kind of conductor of the big electric energy of transmission, in core
The fields such as electricity use more universal.Almost 100% it is at present the connection that copper busbar is completed using argon arc welding.Fine copper thermal conductivity factor
Height, than ordinary carbon steel 8 times or so are higher by, and argon arc welding energy density is relatively low, easily occur that mother metal is infusibilized, difficulty in welding process
The problem of seam.Therefore, the copper busbar for thickness more than more than 7mm generally needs to be welded using multilayer, and preheating temperature about exists
350 DEG C～500 DEG C, production environment is severe, and production efficiency is low.The relatively wide heating region of higher preheating temperature and argon arc welding
So that copper busbar joint welding and heat affected area coarse grains, and weld metal zone is wider with heat affected area, meanwhile, the thermal expansion system of copper
Number is higher, and higher heated perimeter causes joint to there is larger postwelding residual stress, and above-mentioned factor causes the performance of weld seam tight
Reduce again.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, there is provided one kind does not preheat optical fiber for copper busbar
Laser electrical arc complex welding method, the method need not be preheated to copper busbar, and weld seam is narrower, and Weld Performance is preferable.
It is of the present invention not preheat optical-fiber laser arc hybrid welding method bag for copper busbar to reach above-mentioned purpose
Include following steps：
Y type grooves are opened up between two pre- docking copper busbars, then are polished and is removed the surface oxide layer of the Y types groove,
Laser head is combined with welding gun again, the welding of two pre- docking copper busbars is then carried out again, wherein, before welding starts,
The gap between two pre- docking copper busbars is first adjusted, becomes larger the spacing between two pre- docking copper busbars, in welding
During, welding gun is first opened, the electric arc produced by welding gun forms high-temperature liquid state molten bath on the top of Y type grooves, and to the height
Warm liquid state molten pool provides deposited metal, and then laser beam is projected from laser head and is irradiated on the upper surface in high-temperature liquid state molten bath,
The deep molten aperture that is internally formed in high-temperature liquid state molten bath is made, it is then molten in arc pressure, metal vapors kickback pressure and high-temperature liquid state
Under the collective effect of pond self gravitation, the high temperature fluent metal in high-temperature liquid state molten bath is finally filled up along the downward seepage flow in gap
Gap between two pre- docking copper busbars, completes the welding of two pre- docking copper busbars.
Laser head is combined with welding gun by the way of paraxonic is compound.
Polishing removes the concrete operations of the surface oxide layer of the Y types groove：With the table of Y types groove described in sand papering
Face, is then wiped with acetone again.
The thickness t of pre- docking copper busbar is 8mm-12mm.
In welding process, the back side of high-temperature liquid state molten bath and two pre- docking copper busbars is in the atmosphere protection of argon gas
In.
Bevel angle α of Y type grooves is 60 ° -90 °.
The width in gap is more than 0 and less than or equal to 2mm between two pre- docking copper busbars.
Welding gun is 25 °～30 ° with the angle theta of vertical direction.
The voltage of the electric arc that welding gun is produced is 31V.
The axis of laser head and the angle of vertical direction are 10 °, and the power of the laser beam that laser head is produced is 3400-
3600W。
The invention has the advantages that：
It is of the present invention not preheat optical-fiber laser arc hybrid welding method in concrete operations for copper busbar, adopt
Two thermals source of laser head and welding gun cooperate with welding, and specifically, the electric arc for first passing through welding gun generation forms height on the top of Y type grooves
Warm liquid state molten pool, then the upper surface in the laser beam irradiation high-temperature liquid state molten bath sent by laser head, are made in high-temperature liquid state molten bath
Portion forms deep molten aperture, then in the common work of arc pressure, metal vapors kickback pressure and high-temperature liquid state molten bath self gravitation
With under, high temperature fluent metal realizes the welding of two pre- docking copper busbars, so as to effectively reduce weld seam along the downward seepage flow in gap
Width, and copper busbar need not be preheated, while can effectively ensure that high-temperature liquid state molten bath bottom by Y type grooves
The sufficiently large phenomenon to prevent to weld leakage of portion's liquid level tension force.Further, since copper thermal conductivity is higher by 8 times, and line than ordinary carbon steel
The coefficient of expansion is big, and the spacing in gap becomes larger the present invention between two pre- docking copper busbars in welding process, can be effective
Prevent non-welding zone domain from closing in advance and cause the downward seepage flow of high temperature fluent metal difficult, and then it is uneven to produce appearance of weld
Phenomenon, therefore the present invention can effectively improve the performance of weld seam, and it is simple, convenient, it is easy to accomplish.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is the principle schematic of the present invention；
Fig. 1 (b) is the sectional view in A-A directions in Fig. 1 (a)；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram in gap between two pre- docking copper busbars 1 in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is 8mmT2 red coppers optical-fiber laser-MIG composite welding head upper and lower surface patterns and cross-sectional morphology figure；
Fig. 4 is 8mmT2 red copper optical-fiber laser-MIG composite welding heads, arc-welded joint and mother metal stress strain curve figure；
Fig. 5 is that (HS201 argon arcs are purple for 8mmT2 red copper optical-fiber laser-MIG composite welding head upper and lower surface distribution of conductivity figures
Copperwelding rod)；
Fig. 6 is that 8mmT2 red copper optical-fiber laser-MIG composite welding head upper and lower surface distribution of conductivity figures (draw by self-control copper busbar
Pull out welding wire).
Wherein, 1 be copper busbar, 2 be welding gun, 3 be laser head.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
It is of the present invention not preheat optical-fiber laser arc hybrid welding method for copper busbar with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3
Comprise the following steps：
Y type grooves are opened up between two pre- docking copper busbars 1, then are polished and is removed the surface oxide layer of the Y types groove,
Laser head 3 is combined with welding gun 2 again, the welding of two pre- docking copper busbars 1 is then carried out again, wherein, welding starts
Before, the gap between two pre- docking copper busbars 1 is first adjusted, the spacing between two pre- docking copper busbars 1 is become larger,
In welding process, welding gun 2 is first opened, the electric arc produced by welding gun 2 forms high-temperature liquid state molten bath on the top of Y type grooves, and
Deposited metal is provided to the high-temperature liquid state molten bath, then laser beam projects and be irradiated to the upper of high-temperature liquid state molten bath from laser head 3
On surface, make high-temperature liquid state molten bath is internally formed deep molten aperture, then in arc pressure, metal vapors kickback pressure and high temperature
Under the collective effect of liquid state molten pool self gravitation, the high temperature fluent metal in high-temperature liquid state molten bath along the downward seepage flow in gap, and most
The gap filled up eventually between two pre- docking copper busbars 1, completes the welding of two pre- docking copper busbars 1.
Laser head 3 is combined with welding gun 2 by the way of paraxonic is compound.
Polishing removes the concrete operations of the surface oxide layer of the Y types groove：With the table of Y types groove described in sand papering
Face, is then wiped with acetone again.
The thickness t of pre- docking copper busbar 1 is 8mm-12mm.
In welding process, the back side of high-temperature liquid state molten bath and two pre- docking copper busbars 1 is in the atmosphere protection of argon gas
In.
Bevel angle α of Y type grooves is 60 ° -90 °.
The width in gap is more than 0 and less than or equal to 2mm between two pre- docking copper busbars 1.
Welding gun 2 is 25 °～30 ° with the angle theta of vertical direction.
The voltage of the electric arc that welding gun 2 is produced is 31V.
The axis of laser head 3 and the angle of vertical direction are 10 °, and the power of the laser beam that laser head 3 is produced is 3400-
3600W。
The present invention can adopt the electric arc combined solder technology of optical-fiber laser to 8mm～12mm thickness copper busbars 1, and can be real
Now do not preheat single track and penetrate technique entirely.
Welding wire used is to be formed by the drawing of copper busbar 1 self-control, so as to effectively improve the electrical conductivity of welding point weld metal zone.
Big width of root face h of Y type grooves is 4mm～6mm.
Welding bead length often increases 120mm, and the gap of welding bead end need to increase 0.5mm.
Laser defocusing amount f of the laser beam that laser head 3 sends is -5.5mm～-4.5mm.
The speed welded in welding process is 0.65m/min～0.75m/min.
The nozzle of welding gun 2 is 8mm-12mm apart from H with workpiece surface.
Laser beam is -2mm～0mm with horizontal range D of the welding wire axis on laser lens focal plane.
The wire feed rate of welding wire is 10.5m/min～12m/min.
Embodiment one
Material to be connected is T2 red coppers row, and length, width and thickness are respectively 120mm, 60mm and 8mm, welding bead length
For 120mm, Y type grooves are processed on test plate (panel) in advance, 60 ° of the bevel angle of Y type grooves, the width of root face is 4mm, and sand is used before weldering
Paper removes removing oxide layer and is wiped with acetone, and the gap of welding bead initiating terminal is 0.5mm, and the gap of welding bead end is 1.0mm, welding gun 2
It it is 28 ° with vertical direction angle, the nozzle of welding gun 2 is 8mm with the distance of workpiece surface, arc voltage is set to 31V, welding wire
For HS201 argon arc red copper welding wires, wire feed rate is 11.5m/min, and the inclination angle of laser head 3 is 10 °, and laser power is 3.4kW, out of focus
Measure as -6mm, chevilled silk spacing is 1mm, and speed of welding is 0.7m/min, above high-temperature liquid state molten bath and the back side of test plate (panel) is used
High-purity argon gas carry out atmosphere protection, do not preheat single track and penetrate hybrid Laser-Arc Welding joint upper and lower surface macro morphology entirely with horizontal stroke
Cross Section Morphology as shown in figure 3, from the figure 3, it may be seen that weld seam upper surface molten wide is about 6.5mm, weld seam lower surface molten wide is about 3.2mm,
Depth-to-width ratio reaches 1.23, as shown in figure 4, arc-welded joint tensile strength and fracture elongation be respectively the 69.1% of mother metal and
78.9%, and composite welding head tensile strength and fracture elongation are respectively the 84.7% and 93.8% of mother metal, compare arc welding
Increase by 22.6% and 18.9% respectively, due to there are some micro impurity elements in welding wire, cause the electrical conductivity at joint welding
The 38% of minimum, about mother metal, as shown in figure 5, the thermal diffusion coefficient of welding point is 74.2m2/ s's, about mother metal
65.2%, electrochemical corrosion speed is 0.043mm/a, is higher by 5% than mother metal, as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Embodiment two
Material to be connected is T2 red coppers row, and length, width and thickness are respectively 120mm, 60mm and 8mm, welding bead length
For 120mm, Y type grooves are processed on test plate (panel) in advance, 60 ° of bevel angle, the width of root face is 4mm, welds front sand paper and goes deoxygenation
Change layer and wiped with acetone, welding bead starting splaying is 0.5mm, welding bead tip gap is 1.0mm, and welding gun 2 is pressed from both sides with vertical direction
Angle is 28 °, and the distance of the nozzle of welding gun 2 and workpiece surface is 8mm, and electric arc is front, and arc voltage is set to 31V, and welding wire is
Cold-drawn welding wire is made by oneself by T2 red coppers, wire feed rate is 11.5m/min, and the inclination angle of laser head 3 is 10 °, laser power 3.4kW, out of focus
Measure as -6mm, chevilled silk spacing is 1mm, and speed of welding is 0.7m/min, above high-temperature liquid state molten bath and the height of the test plate (panel) back side
Pure argon carries out atmosphere protection, as can be seen from Figure 6, mother metal is compared without being decreased obviously using commissure electrical conductivity after special welding wire.
Claims (10)
1. one kind does not preheat optical-fiber laser arc hybrid welding method for copper busbar, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Y type grooves are opened up between two pre- docking copper busbar (1), polishing removes the surface oxide layer of the Y types groove, then will
Laser head (3) is combined with welding gun (2), and the welding of two pre- docking copper busbar (1) is then carried out again, wherein, welding is opened
Before beginning, the gap between two pre- docking copper busbar (1) is first adjusted, make two pre- spacing docked between copper busbar (1) gradually
Become big, in welding process, first open welding gun (2), the electric arc produced by welding gun (2) forms high temperature on the top of Y type grooves
Liquid state molten pool, and deposited metal is provided to the high-temperature liquid state molten bath, then laser beam projects and is irradiated to high temperature from laser head (3)
On the upper surface of liquid state molten pool, the deep molten aperture that is internally formed in high-temperature liquid state molten bath is made, it is then anti-in arc pressure, metal vapors
Under the collective effect of stamping press and high-temperature liquid state molten bath self gravitation, the high temperature fluent metal in high-temperature liquid state molten bath along gap to
Lower seepage flow, and the gap finally filled up between two pre- docking copper busbar (1), complete the welding of two pre- docking copper busbar (1).
It is 2. according to claim 1 not preheat optical-fiber laser arc hybrid welding method for copper busbar, it is characterised in that
Laser head (3) is combined with welding gun (2) by the way of paraxonic is compound.
It is 3. according to claim 1 not preheat optical-fiber laser arc hybrid welding method for copper busbar, it is characterised in that
Polishing removes the concrete operations of the surface oxide layer of the Y types groove：With the surface of Y types groove described in sand papering, then
Wiped with acetone again.
It is 4. according to claim 1 not preheat optical-fiber laser arc hybrid welding method for copper busbar, it is characterised in that
The thickness t of pre- docking copper busbar (1) is 8mm-12mm.
It is 5. according to claim 1 not preheat optical-fiber laser arc hybrid welding method for copper busbar, it is characterised in that
In welding process, the back side of high-temperature liquid state molten bath and two pre- docking copper busbar (1) is in the atmosphere protection of argon gas.
It is 6. according to claim 1 not preheat optical-fiber laser arc hybrid welding method for copper busbar, it is characterised in that
Bevel angle α of Y type grooves is 60 ° -90 °.
It is 7. according to claim 1 not preheat optical-fiber laser arc hybrid welding method for copper busbar, it is characterised in that
The width in gap is more than 0 and less than or equal to 2mm between two pre- docking copper busbar (1).
It is 8. according to claim 1 not preheat optical-fiber laser arc hybrid welding method for copper busbar, it is characterised in that
Welding gun (2) is 25 °～30 ° with the angle theta of vertical direction.
It is 9. according to claim 1 not preheat optical-fiber laser arc hybrid welding method for copper busbar, it is characterised in that
The voltage of the electric arc that welding gun (2) is produced is 31V.
10. according to claim 1 not preheat optical-fiber laser arc hybrid welding method for copper busbar, its feature exists
It it is 10 ° in, the axis of laser head (3) and the angle of vertical direction, the power of the laser beam that laser head (3) is produced is 3400-
3600W。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611251455.6A CN106583928A (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2016-12-29 | Non-preheating optical fiber laser-arc composite welding method for copper busbars |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611251455.6A CN106583928A (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2016-12-29 | Non-preheating optical fiber laser-arc composite welding method for copper busbars |
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| CN106583928A true CN106583928A (en) | 2017-04-26 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611251455.6A Pending CN106583928A (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2016-12-29 | Non-preheating optical fiber laser-arc composite welding method for copper busbars |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN107457485A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-12-12 | 西安交通大学 | Improve the method for red copper laser-arc hybrid welding process stability based on algorithm for power modulation |
| CN114952005A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-08-30 | 兰州理工大学 | Medium plate targeted laser assisted TIG deep melting backing welding method and welding device |
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