CN105057890A - Laser-MIG compound welding process for automobile body - Google Patents
Laser-MIG compound welding process for automobile body Download PDFInfo
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- CN105057890A CN105057890A CN201510505854.XA CN201510505854A CN105057890A CN 105057890 A CN105057890 A CN 105057890A CN 201510505854 A CN201510505854 A CN 201510505854A CN 105057890 A CN105057890 A CN 105057890A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/006—Vehicles
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
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- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser-MIG compound welding process for an automobile body. In the laser-MIG compound welding process, a laser is applied to a workpiece in a positive out-of-focus manner. According to the laser-MIG compound welding process for the automobile body, energy input is small, a formed weld pool is small, deformation of the workpiece is small, and production efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to body of a motor car and manufacture field, the Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique of particularly a kind of body of a motor car manufacture.
Background technology
It is high that front many well-known automobile making commercial cities are devoted to research and develop a kind of cost performance, and cost is low, the automobile that efficiency is high, as U.S.'s Ford, Chrysler, Japanese Toyota, Mitsubishi, daily output, Hyundai, French Courreges, Ventury etc.And domestic automobile manufacturer BYD, lucky, Cherry, Lifan, in emerging enterprise of waiting for bus is also numerous and confused is being devoted to research and development novel high-energy efficient automobile.And the laser-MIG hybrid welding technique in body of a motor car manufacture is the operation of wherein most critical.
Laser has the four large characteristics of high directivity, high brightness, high monochromaticity and high coherence, constitute the high concentration of energy on room and time, can transmit extremely remote and there is high-energy or high strength, in material processing field (comprising welding), being regarded as desirable thermal source.Laser weld has feature and is that speed of welding is high, weld seam is narrow, fusion penetration is large, heat input is few, but welds the higher power of thicker material require, and required power is determined by metal physics character, Surface absorption rate and reflectivity.MIG weld characteristics is that power supply cost is low, the good weld seam bridging of arc stability is good, improves welding line structure easily through filling metal.And laser-MIG hybrid welding in conjunction with both advantages, can obtain required seam center, in high speed of welding simultaneously, the stability of arc welding process can be made full use of again.
The existing technical scheme of automotive body welding mainly contains:
1) traditional soldering operation is: with than the low-melting metal material of mother metal as solder, soak mother metal with liquid solder and fill workpiece interface gaps and the welding method making it with the counterdiffusion of mother metal phase.
2) traditional MIG welds (welding) operation: use consumable electrode; using adscititious gases as electric arc medium; and protect the arc welding method of metal drop, welding pool and weld zone high-temperature metal, be called melting pole gas shielded arc welding.Welding is called by inert gas (Ar or He) the shielded arc welding method of solid core welding wire.
3) Laser Welding: laser weld is using the laser beam that can focus on as welding energy.When high intensity laser beam be radiated at materials to be welded on the surface time, part luminous energy will be absorbed by material and be transformed into heat energy, and material is melted, thus reach the object of welding.
4) laser-plasma hybrid welding operation: generally adopt coaxial manner, plasma arc is produced by ring electrode, laser passes and is worked into surface of the work in the middle of plasma arc.Existing scheme mainly contains following shortcoming:
1) traditional Welding method needs to strengthen heat input or overall heating, easily causes brazed seam slag inclusion and cracking, also easily produces pore;
2) during traditional MIG weldering, during the droplet transfer (under arc heat effect, the deposite metal of welding wire or electrode tip forms molten drop, and the effect being subject to various power departs from from welding wire end and is transitioned into the overall process of weldpool) easily affect welding process stability, appearance of weld, splashing size.And protect gas argon gas to be inert gas, not with any material generation chemical reaction, so comparatively responsive to the greasy dirt, iron rust etc. on welding wire and mother metal surface, easy generation pore, carefully welding wire and workpiece must be cleared up before weldering, prepared by required precision to workpiece high, also poor to the adaptability of the materials such as aluminium;
3) plasma that traditional laser-plasma hybrid welding operation is a large amount of because welding process produces, it has the effect of absorption, inverse, loose look to the laser of incidence, shielding action is formed to laser beam, reduce incident light energy effective utilization, fusion penetration is caused to decline, weld seam is uneven, and utilization ratio of laser energy is low, and welding process is unstable.
4) laser absorption rate is low, and plasma produces and causes keyhole unstable.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is to provide the Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique of the body of a motor car manufacture that a kind of energy inputs less, the molten bath of formation is little, workpiece deformation is little, enhance productivity.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is: a kind of Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique of body of a motor car, and in described Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique, described laser is applied on workpiece in the mode of positive out of focus.Defocusing amount is preferably 1 ~ 4mm.
In the Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique of above-mentioned body of a motor car, the defocusing amount d1 of described laser is 3mm.
In the Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique of above-mentioned body of a motor car, MIG weld the MIG welding gun that adopts and and workpiece between angle α be 20 ° ~ 60 °; Preferably, MIG weld the MIG welding gun that adopts and and workpiece between angle α be 45 °, laser instrument is positioned at directly over workpiece.
In the Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique of above-mentioned body of a motor car, when workpiece needs through welding, on the direction of workpiece movable, described MIG welding gun is positioned at laser instrument front.
In the Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique of above-mentioned body of a motor car, described welding wire and the distance of laser facula are chevilled silk distance d2, and described chevilled silk distance d2 is 1 ~ 2mm.
In the Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique of above-mentioned body of a motor car, the electrode of described welding gun and the distance of surface of the work are the stem elongation degree d3 of welding wire, and described stem elongation degree d3 is 15mm.
In the Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique of above-mentioned body of a motor car, described gage of wire is 1 ~ 1.2mm.
In the Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique of above-mentioned body of a motor car, the welding current of described MIG welding gun is 120A, and wire feed rate is 12m/min, and the power of laser is 1.5KW.
In the Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique of above-mentioned body of a motor car, before welding starts, at workpiece weld seam two ends, run-on tab is set, the material of run-on tab is consistent with the material of workpiece, run-on tab and weld seam are that square groove docks, when welding beginning, welding from the initiating terminal of the run-on tab of workpiece side, when being soldered to the end of the run-on tab of workpiece opposite side, terminating welding.
In the Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique of above-mentioned body of a motor car, the length of run-on tab is no less than 100mm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
1) the technical program adopts the input of Laser-MIG Composite Welding energy few, and the molten bath of formation is little, and workpiece deformation is little, corrects the work of welding deformation, enhance productivity, also save energy consumption after decreasing welding;
2) the technical program adopts Laser-MIG Composite Welding to carry out certain arc length correction and the control of starting the arc receipts arc, finally realize arc stability, whole welding process stability is improved, and Laser-MIG Composite Welding speed is very high simultaneously, therefore can reduce production time and production cost;
3) electric arc solves the problems such as single laser absorption rate keyhole instability;
4) the technical program is adopted welding direction, the Optimization Technology parameter of control Laser-MIG Composite Welding process and is welded by positive out of focus, avoid the formation of plasma shield laser, weld seam front can be obtained full, the uniform pattern in the back side, and the shaping of weld seam is controlled by small diameter welding wire and run-on tab, improve the overall economic efficiency of welding.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the welding equipment that embodiments of the invention 1-5 adopts;
Fig. 2 is that the welding current of embodiment 2 and laser power are on the curve map of the impact of welding performance;
Fig. 3 is the location diagram between the laser of embodiment 4 and electric arc;
Fig. 4 is that the chevilled silk distance of embodiment 4 is on the curve map of the impact of welding performance;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of embodiment 5;
Fig. 6 is the welding effect figure under the condition of different wire feed rate and electric arc arc length of embodiment 1;
Fig. 7 is the welding effect figure under the condition of different defocusing amounts of embodiment 6.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail, but does not form any limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
It is panasonic pulse MIC semi-automatic arc welder that the MIG that laser--MIG Combined Welding soldering test uses welds motor, and maximum output current is 250A, is fixed on welding robot during welding together with laser head.The laser instrument of test is YLS-10000 optical fiber laser, and maximum welding power is 10KW, and it is 250mm that laser head focuses on focal length, and focus place spot diameter is 0.3mm.Two thermals source adopt paraxonic compound, laser vertical welding work pieces, and the angle of cut between MIG welding gun and workpiece is 45 °, adopts positive out of focus, and defocusing amount is 3mm, arranges dry extension of electrode degree and is about 15mm, and welding process employing purity is the Ar protection of 99.999%.
As shown in Figure 1, d1 is the distance of focus and workpiece, and d2 is the distance (chevilled silk distance) of welding wire and laser spot center, and d3 is the distance between electrode and mother metal surface, determines the stem elongation degree of welding wire.11 is laser instrument, and 12 is MIG welding gun, and 13 is protection gas, and 14 is workpiece movable direction.
The present embodiment mainly investigates wire feed rate, electric arc arc length to the impact of welding performance.
By changing wire feed rate (4,6,8,10,12,14,16) m/min and arc length size (2,4,6,8,10,12) mm, after carrying out repeatedly composite welding test, when welding wire enter an angle and MIG welding gun and and workpiece between angle α about 45 °, welding direction is rear wire feed, the test parameter obtaining best weldquality (fusion penetration, seam center) is as shown in table 1, and 42 groups of experimental datas of cross-over experiment are as shown in table 2.
Table 1:
Table 2:
As shown in Figure 6, the picture in left side is wire feed rate is 12m/min, welding form when arc length is 8mm, and Image to right is wire feed rate is 4m/min, seam center when arc length is 12mm.
It should be noted that: bonding speed refers to: in this patent, during laser weld, Laser Focusing point is not moved, and workpiece to be welded is relative to the translational speed of Laser Focusing point;
Positive out of focus refers to: the position of laser spot is positioned at above welded part.
D3 is apart from excessive, wire feed can be made on the one hand to become unstable, electric arc can be made long on the other hand, easily produce electric arc and swing, occur burning limit phenomenon, make welding process unstable, d3 is apart from too small, then welding arc is too short, easily forms short circuit, in welding process finely tuned by the arc length correction of the source of welding current, thus ensure welding stability.
As can be seen from the above table, best wire feed rate is 12m/min, and when arc length is 8mm, the weld penetration of acquisition is maximum, and its surface topography is even, does not have bubble, without dross.
Because welding process electric arc adopts unifying control, namely by determining that wire feed rate determines welding current and voltage, want to improve welding current, then need to improve wire feed rate.When wire feed rate is lower, because welding current is lower, in welding process, the droplet transfer is unstable, and molten drop can not form stable spray transfer, so welding process electric arc is unstable, splashes large.And when wire feed rate is 12m/min, the droplet transfer stablizes, formed and stablize spray transfer, weld penetration is large, surface uniform, therefore the quality that control wire feed rate welds laser-MIG is particularly important.
Arc length also serves important function for the stability of welding process, and electric arc is too short, easily forms short circuit and splashes large, cause instability during welding; Electric arc is long, then easily form open circuit, and weld seam is wider, fusion penetration is more shallow, high-speed welding cannot be realized, by regulating the arc length debugging functions of welding machine can realize arc length correction within the specific limits (adjustable range is-30% ~+30%), and adjustment process can realize on-line continuous adjustment.When arc length is 8mm, the narrow fusion penetration of gained weld seam is large, surface uniform.Therefore the size controlling arc length can obtain the good weld seam of quality.
Embodiment 2
The main purpose of the present embodiment is that investigation welding current and laser power are on the impact of welding performance.
Identical with embodiment 1, different places is to change welding current and laser power, and specifically, the curve 24 described in Fig. 2 is single laser weld, its not compound MIG welding, and laser power changes within the scope of 0-2.0kw;
Curve 21 is laser-MIG welding, and welding current is 150A, and laser power changes within the scope of 0-2.0kw;
Curve 22 is laser-MIG welding, and welding current is 120A, and laser power changes within the scope of 0-2.0kw;
Curve 23 is laser-MIG welding, and welding current is 80A, and laser power changes within the scope of 0-2.0kw;
As seen in Figure 2, when welding current is 120A, wire feed rate is 12m/min, and when power is 1500W, welding process becomes comparatively stable and splashes little, and appearance of weld is even.The fusion penetration impact of laser power butt welded seam is larger, substantially linear.Under appropriate conditions, Combined Welding MAG fusion penetration is greater than Laser Welding and MIG welds fusion penetration sum, and main because its mutual synergy is good, arc stiffness strengthens, molten wide increase.When welding current is excessive, arc-plasma strengthens the shielding action of laser, and fusion penetration can be affected.As can be seen here, the effect of laser and electric arc combined weldering is not only the effect of 1+1=2.
Embodiment 3
The selection of technological parameter when the main purpose of the present embodiment is to investigate welding and fillet welding.
Identical with the technological parameter of embodiment 1, design parameter is as following table 3:
Table 3:
The size of d1 determines the size that laser is radiated at mother metal surface hot spot, generally, when laser power is less by adopting negative out of focus to increase fusion penetration, but adopt high-capacity optical fiber laser in this experiment, focus place hot spot is less, add after electric arc due under the guiding of laser arc energy get at and reach laser aperture, the energy density at focus place improves further.If continue to adopt negative out of focus, the high-energy-density at focus place is all used for melting mother metal, will form a large amount of metallic vapours, the metallic vapour ejected can absorbing laser energy, cause plasma shield laser, make welding process unstable, make fusion penetration reduce on the contrary.Therefore adopt positive out of focus to avoid plasma effect in this technique, improve welding quality.
Above-mentioned technological parameter is applied to welding and fillet welding welding, and can be found out by last seam center result, under identical parameter, welding appearance of weld is good, and weld seam pole out-of-flatness during fillet welding, there is hump.
In order to the problem that the welding effect occurred after adopting above-mentioned parameter when overcoming fillet welding is bad, welding parameter carried out as fillet welding welding is carried out in following table 3 adjustment, the unlisted parameter of table 4 is identical with embodiment 1:
Table 4:
By regulating arc length correction, after reducing the length (electric arc is hardening) of electric arc, welding process becomes stable, reduces speed of welding simultaneously, obtains good appearance of weld, welding parameter.
Embodiment 4
The object of the present embodiment is to inquire into chevilled silk distance to the impact of welding performance.
D2 (chevilled silk distance) determines electric arc melting bath and laser molten pool relation between the two, and in order to obtain best welding efficiency and surface topography, particularly when carrying out full impregnated welding, the size of control d2 is very important.As shown in Figure 3, in Fig. 3, the first width picture represents that chevilled silk distance is for 3mm to position relationship between laser and electric arc, and the second width picture represents that chevilled silk distance is for 2mm, and the 3rd width picture represents that chevilled silk distance is for 1mm, and the 4th width picture represents that chevilled silk distance is for 0mm.
In order to probe into the impact that chevilled silk distance d2 and laser position butt welded seam are shaped, experiment parameter is as shown in table 5, do not show in table that the parameter at place is identical with embodiment 1, adopt respectively laser pre-amplifier and laser rearmounted under different chevilled silk distance butt welded seam fusion penetration analyze, result is as shown in Figure 4.Wherein, the curve 31 in Fig. 4 is on the direction of workpiece movable, and laser is front, and electric arc is rear, and namely laser instrument is front, and MIG welding gun is rear, and in Fig. 4, curve 32 is on workpiece movable direction, and laser is rear, and electric arc is front, and namely laser instrument is rear, and MIG welding gun is front.
Table 5:
As can be seen from Figure 4, be no matter laser pre-amplifier or rearmounted, the fusion penetration of composite welding, substantially when chevilled silk distance is 2mm, obtains maximum; When uniform distances, the fusion penetration that laser pre-amplifier obtains is slightly larger than the rearmounted fusion penetration of laser.This is mainly because laser has deep penetration function, and laser is when front, and the main irradiation of energy, on base material molten bath, is conducive to forming larger fusion penetration.
For determining the impact of welding direction butt welded seam further, the technical program is 2000W in laser power, and chevilled silk distance be 2mm, when other parameter is as shown in table 2, and employing laser pre-amplifier and laser is rearmounted carries out penetration Welding experiment respectively.It is recessed that laser pre-amplifier there will be weld seam, and the welding effect of molten drop appears in the back side.By adjustment chevilled silk distance to 10mm, still cannot solve the problem.Main cause is, laser, when front, has first carried out once penetrating welding, arc heat input is following closely comparatively large, and filling metal is more, and molten pool metal does not have load-bearing mother metal (especially when chevilled silk distance is less), cause weld seam to sink, leak under the back side.By changing welding direction, namely, wire feed welding (, front, laser is rear for electric arc), obtains that front is full, the uniform appearance of weld in the back side.Therefore, the direction of welding to be selected by penetration according to whether when selecting welding direction.
Embodiment 5
The main purpose of the present embodiment is to inquire into weld start position to the impact of welding performance.
The shaping control of weld start position is also a difficult point of welding process, is the Altitude control of weld start position weld seam on the one hand, is on the other hand to leak under the weld start position back side to control.When the appearance main cause of weld start position problem is starting, robot movement velocity is comparatively slow and arc current is unstable, and the too high problem of process original position weld seam is mainly by controlling to weld initial current and transit time.The problem of leaking under process original position molten drop must arrange the laser initial stand-by period, but this mode causes initial one section of lack of penetration situation, so must select in conjunction with actual conditions.
Run-on tab is the defect in order to solve the welding initial stage and the small plate outside the workpiece designed, the present embodiment run-on tab material used is identical with mother metal, it is of a size of long 100mm, wide 50mm, high 10mm, the butt weld of square groove is illustrated in fig. 5 shown below, and in Fig. 5,41 and 42 are run-on tab, and 43 is weld seam.Weld from run-on tab 41 when welding starts, and in run-on tab length when being greater than 100mm, thus the defect of weld start position is placed in outside workpiece, the welding later stage, to run-on tab 43, can reach the effect ensureing that whole workpiece appearance of weld is good like this.Weld rear run-on tab 41,43 to remove again.
Embodiment 6
The object of the present embodiment is that the defocusing amount inquiring into laser is on the impact of welding performance.
Its parameter is substantially identical with embodiment 1, and design parameter sees the following form 6, and test result is in table 7.
Table 6:
Table 7:
The welding effect figure examined under a microscope when the picture in left side be defocusing amount is 3mm in Fig. 7, the welding effect figure that right side is defocusing amount examines under a microscope when being 0mm.
Found through experiments, when defocusing amount is at 1-4mm, effect is better, and particularly when defocusing amount is 3mm, effect is particularly remarkable.
This technological invention adopts the positive out of focus welding work pieces of Laser-MIG Composite Welding, can avoid producing a large amount of plasma shield laser action, welding process is stablized, improves welding penetration, obtain better weld strength; And carry out certain arc length correction and the starting the arc and receive arc and control to realize arc stability and to enhance productivity; By controlling welding direction, banjo fixing butt jointing, front is full, the uniform seam center in the back side to utilize the control of small diameter welding wire, run-on tab and repetition test acquisition optimal parameter to obtain, and improves weldquality, reduces production cost and time.
Above-describedly be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, all do within the scope of the spirit and principles in the present invention any amendment, equivalently to replace and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique for body of a motor car, is characterized in that, in described Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique, described laser is applied on workpiece in the mode of positive out of focus.
2. the Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique of body of a motor car according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the defocusing amount d1 of described laser is 3mm.
3. the Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique of body of a motor car according to claim 2, is characterized in that: MIG weld the MIG welding gun that adopts and and workpiece between angle α be 45 °, laser instrument is positioned at directly over workpiece.
4. the Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique of body of a motor car according to claim 3, is characterized in that: when workpiece needs through welding, on the direction of workpiece movable, and described MIG welding gun is positioned at laser instrument front.
5. the Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique of body of a motor car according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described welding wire and the distance of laser facula are chevilled silk distance d
2, described chevilled silk distance d
2be 1 ~ 2mm.
6. the Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique of body of a motor car according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the electrode of described welding gun and the distance of surface of the work are the stem elongation degree d3 of welding wire, and described stem elongation degree d3 is 15mm.
7. the Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique of body of a motor car according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described gage of wire is 1 ~ 1.2mm.
8. the Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique of body of a motor car according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the welding current of described MIG welding gun is 120A, and wire feed rate is 12m/min, and the power of laser is 1.5KW.
9. the Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique of body of a motor car according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: before welding starts, at workpiece weld seam two ends, run-on tab is set, the material of run-on tab is consistent with the material of workpiece, run-on tab and weld seam are that square groove docks, when welding beginning, welding from the initiating terminal of the run-on tab of workpiece side, when being soldered to the end of the run-on tab of workpiece opposite side, terminating welding.
10. the Laser-MIG Composite Welding technique of body of a motor car according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the length of run-on tab is no less than 100mm.
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| CN110405344A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-11-05 | 上海汇众汽车制造有限公司 | The gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG |
| CN114043092A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-02-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Point ring laser and electric arc composite welding method |
| CN114043092B (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-05-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Point ring laser and electric arc composite welding method |
| CN114669880A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-06-28 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | laser-MIG composite double-gun synchronous symmetrical welding method for T-shaped joint of medium-thickness plate titanium alloy |
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