CN110238528B - Laser-hot wire TIG (tungsten inert gas) hybrid welding method for normal wire feeding - Google Patents
Laser-hot wire TIG (tungsten inert gas) hybrid welding method for normal wire feeding Download PDFInfo
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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Abstract
The invention relates to a laser-hot wire TIG hybrid welding method for normal wire feeding. The method comprises the following steps: designing a welding groove at a welding part on a thick plate to be welded, and realizing backing welding of the truncated edge of the groove by utilizing high-power laser deep melting penetration welding; performing layer-by-layer filling welding on the groove of the thick plate to be welded in a mode of combining a laser beam, a non-melting electrode and a continuously heated welding wire, wherein in the welding process, the height position of a composite welding torch to a molten pool is adjusted according to the single-layer filling thickness, the welding wire is inductively heated by a hot wire heating device, the laser beam is arranged in front of the welding wire in the welding feeding direction, and the non-melting electrode is arranged behind the welding wire and is arranged in an inert gas protective cover; and performing cover welding on the groove weld of the welded thick plate by adopting the composite welding mode to finish the composite welding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to a laser-hot wire TIG (tungsten inert gas) hybrid welding method for normal wire feeding.
Background
The laser-arc hybrid welding combines two heat sources with completely different physical properties and energy transmission mechanisms together, and acts on the same processing position simultaneously, so that the respective advantages of the two heat sources can be fully exerted, and the respective defects are mutually compensated, thereby forming a brand-new high-efficiency welding method. The laser-TIG electric arc hybrid welding process is stable, the electric arc stability is good, and good welding seam forming is easily obtained.
In the narrow-gap multi-layer welding process of thick plates and medium plates, when laser beams in the deep-melting welding mode are adopted to realize laser-TIG electric arc hybrid welding, small-hole type air holes are easily generated and are difficult to eliminate; when the laser beam in the thermal conduction welding mode is adopted to realize the hybrid welding of the TIG electric arc guided by the laser, although the welding quality is better, the deposition efficiency is low, the welding speed is slow, the heat affected zone is large, the number of welding passes is large, larger welding stress and residual deformation are easily caused, and the difficulty is increased for the later-stage shape correction of a weldment.
The hot wire welding is to heat the filler metal to a certain temperature before the filler metal is fed into the molten pool, namely to preheat the welding wire, so as to realize the purpose of high-speed and high-efficiency welding. At present, heating methods of hot wires mainly include resistance heating and high-frequency induction heating. Compared with resistance heating, the high-frequency induction heating has high hot wire efficiency and high heating speed; the heating device is suitable for heating welding wires made of various metal materials, in particular to the welding wires with low resistivity; and the magnetic field interference of bypass current is avoided, and the magnetic blow-out phenomenon is eliminated. Therefore, in order to increase the deposition speed of the welding wire, reduce the welding pass and reduce the welding stress and residual deformation, the hot wire welding is one of the best solutions.
At present, during laser-hot wire TIG hybrid welding, laser is centered, a hot wire and a TIG electric arc are respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side of a laser beam, and the hot wire and the TIG electric arc act on the same molten pool and the area nearby the molten pool. When the high-frequency induction heating hot wire is adopted, the heating temperature and the heating depth of the welding wire heating area can be accurately controlled. However, because of the heating device, the heating section of the welding wire has a certain distance from the molten pool, and the welding wire with accurate temperature control passes through the distance and before being sent into the molten pool, certain heat loss exists in the hot wire under the influence of factors such as heat radiation, heat conduction and the like, namely, the temperature of the hot wire is reduced. For metal materials with fast heat dissipation, the heat loss of the hot wire is relatively larger, and the deposition efficiency of the hot wire is reduced.
Therefore, based on the shortcomings of the prior art, the inventor provides a normal wire feeding laser-hot wire TIG hybrid welding method.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a normal wire feeding laser-hot wire TIG (tungsten inert gas) hybrid welding method, which is characterized in that a laser beam, a non-melting electrode and a continuously heated welding wire are optimally combined, so that a high-frequency induction heating hot wire is heated in a heating interval to a heat dissipation interval of a molten pool, secondary heating of the laser beam and a non-melting electrode arc column area is obtained, the heat loss of the hot wire in the heat dissipation interval can be obviously reduced, and the deposition efficiency of the hot wire is further improved.
The embodiment of the invention provides a normal wire feeding laser-hot wire TIG hybrid welding method, which comprises the following steps:
designing a welding groove at a welding part on a thick plate to be welded, and realizing backing welding of the truncated edge of the groove by utilizing high-power laser deep penetration welding;
performing layer-by-layer filling welding on the groove of the thick plate to be welded in a mode of combining a laser beam, a non-melting electrode and a continuously heated welding wire, wherein in the welding process, the height position of a composite welding torch to a molten pool is adjusted according to the single-layer filling thickness, the welding wire is inductively heated by a hot wire heating device, the laser beam is arranged in front of the welding wire in the welding feeding direction, and the non-melting electrode is arranged behind the welding wire and is arranged in an inert gas protective cover;
and performing cover welding on the groove weld of the welded thick plate by adopting the composite welding mode to finish the composite welding.
Further, in the welding process of adopting a mode of combining the laser beam, the non-melting electrode and the continuously heated welding wire, the laser beam, the non-melting electrode and the continuously heated welding wire act on a molten pool of a groove of a thick plate to be welded and the vicinity of the molten pool, the defocusing form of the focal point of the laser beam and the welding surface is positive defocusing, and the defocusing amount is 5-30 mm.
Further, the spot diameter of the defocused laser beam on the welding surface is 3 mm-10 mm.
Furthermore, in the composite welding process, the included angle between the laser beam and the normal direction of the welding surface is 30-45 degrees, in the composite welding process, the laser beam can directly irradiate and heat the welding surface and the welding wire at the same time, and the preheating effect is achieved in the whole welding process.
Furthermore, the laser beam is fiber laser or YAG laser, and the focal length of the laser beam is 150 mm-500 mm.
Furthermore, in the composite welding process, the included angle between the heated welding wire and the normal direction of the welding surface is-10 degrees to +10 degrees.
Furthermore, the dip angle of the TIG arc tungsten electrode tip of the non-melting electrode and the normal direction of the welding surface is 30-45 degrees, the vertical distance between the tungsten electrode tip and the welding surface is 3-5 mm, and the horizontal distance between the tungsten electrode tip and the action point of the heating welding wire and the welding surface is 3-5 mm.
Further, the diameter of the welding wire is 0.8 mm-1.6 mm, and the distance between the axis of the laser beam and the axis of the welding wire is +/-2 mm.
Furthermore, the hot wire heating device and the wire feeding mechanism of the welding wire are both connected with a hot wire power supply and used for providing a power source for the wire feeding mechanism and simultaneously providing a heat source for the hot wire heating device.
Further, a welding groove designed at the welding part of the thick plate to be welded is a Y-shaped groove or a U-shaped groove, when the Y-shaped groove or the U-shaped groove is adopted, a small platform is designed at the junction of the groove and the blunt edge, the width of the platform is 2-4 mm, and the single edge of the blunt edge is 2-4 mm; when a Y-shaped groove is adopted, the groove angle of the Y-shaped groove is usually 20-60 degrees.
In conclusion, the normal wire feeding laser-hot wire TIG hybrid welding method has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the hot wire is arranged between the laser beam and the non-melting electric arc and is basically in a normal direction with the welding plane, and the three components jointly act on the molten pool and the vicinity of the molten pool. After the welding wire is heated by the hot wire heating device, in a heat dissipation area before the welding wire is sent into a molten pool, the hot wire is heated secondarily by the laser beam and the TIG arc column, so that not only is the heat loss of the hot wire in the heat dissipation area inhibited, but also the temperature of the hot wire can be further improved, and the deposition efficiency of the hot wire is further improved. .
(2) The laser beam in a defocusing state acts on the hot wire, simultaneously, the laser beam can directly irradiate the base metal near the front edge of the molten pool, the preheating effect is achieved on the base metal, and the plasma generated by the laser beam is also beneficial to attracting and stabilizing TIG electric arc, so that the plasma density of a TIG electric arc column area is increased, and the secondary heating of the hot wire is further facilitated.
(3) The whole welding process keeps the stability of the composite welding process, has higher filling efficiency, is more beneficial to inhibiting the generation and growth of welding defects, is particularly suitable for multi-layer welding or multi-layer and multi-pass welding of thick plates and medium plates, has remarkable advantages in overcoming the defects of interlayer fusion, side wall fusion, internal air holes and the like, and further obtains a high-quality welding joint.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an application scenario of a normal wire feeding laser-hot wire TIG hybrid welding method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-a laser beam; 2-welding wires; 3-a hot wire heating device; 4-a non-melting electrode; 5-inert gas shielding cover; 6-inert gas flow; 7-liquid bath; 8-weld metal; 9-welding the base metal.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but covers any modifications, substitutions and improvements in the parts, components and connections without departing from the spirit of the invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The laser-arc hybrid welding combines two heat sources with completely different physical properties and energy transmission mechanisms together, and acts on the same processing position simultaneously, so that the respective advantages of the two heat sources can be fully exerted, and the respective defects are mutually compensated, thereby forming a brand-new high-efficiency welding method. The laser-TIG electric arc hybrid welding process is stable, the electric arc stability is good, and good welding seam forming is easily obtained.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scene of a normal wire feeding laser-hot wire TIG hybrid welding method. Referring to fig. 1, the hybrid welding method at least includes the following steps S110 to S130:
step S110: a welding groove is designed at a welding part on a thick plate to be welded (refer to a welding base metal 9 in figure 1), and backing welding of the truncated edge of the groove is realized by utilizing high-power laser deep penetration welding.
Step S120: the method comprises the steps of performing layer-by-layer filling welding on a groove of a thick plate to be welded in a mode that a laser beam 1, a non-melting electrode 4(TIG (tungsten inert gas) arc electrode) and a continuously heated welding wire 2 are combined, adjusting the height position of a composite welding torch to a molten pool (a liquid molten pool 7 in a figure 1) according to the single-layer filling thickness in the welding process, wherein the welding wire 2 is inductively heated through a hot wire heating device 3, the laser beam 1 is arranged in the front of the welding wire 2, the non-melting electrode 4 is arranged behind the welding wire 2 and is arranged in an inert gas protection cover 5, and the inert gas flow 6 can be continuously provided in the composite welding process.
Step S130: and performing cover welding on the groove weld of the welded thick plate by adopting the composite welding mode to finish the composite welding.
In the method, the welding wire 2 heated by the hot wire heating device 3 is continuously provided at the front end of a molten pool formed by a non-consumable electrode TIG electric arc, the welding wire 2 and the welding surface are basically at the normal position, the welding wire 2 forms a hot wire heating section under the action of the hot wire heating device 3, when the welding wire 2 passes through the heating section to a heat dissipation section between the molten pool (a liquid molten pool 7 in a figure 1), the front part of the welding wire 2 is heated by radiation of the laser beam 1, the rear part of the welding wire 2 is heated by radiation of an arc column region of the non-consumable electrode TIG electric arc, and the lower part of the welding wire 2 is heated by radiation of metal steam/plasma cloud above the molten pool. Under the energy coupling action of the laser-arc hybrid welding, the welding wire 2 is subjected to the combined action of the laser beam and the TIG arc, so that the heat loss of the welding wire 2 in the heat dissipation interval is inhibited, the temperature of the welding wire can be further increased, and the deposition efficiency of the hot wire is further improved.
In the hybrid welding process, the laser beam 1 is in front, the heated welding wire 2 is in the middle, the non-consumable electrode TIG arc (non-consumable electrode 4 in figure 1) is behind, and the three jointly act on the molten pool and the vicinity of the molten pool. The defocusing form of the focus of the laser beam and the welding surface is positive defocusing, the defocusing amount is 5-30 mm, and the inclination angle of the laser beam and the vertical direction is 30-45 degrees; the inclination angle of the hot wire and the vertical direction is +/-10 degrees; the dip angle between the tungsten electrode tip of the TIG electric arc and the vertical direction is 30-45 degrees, the vertical distance between the tungsten electrode tip of the TIG electric arc and the welding surface on the welded thick plate is 3-5 mm, and the horizontal distance between the tungsten electrode tip of the TIG electric arc and the action point from the hot wire to the welding surface is 3-5 mm.
In the composite welding method, the diameter of a light spot of a defocused laser beam on the surface of a workpiece is 3-10 mm, and the diameter of the welding wire is 0.8-1.6 mm. The distance between the axis of the laser beam and the axis of the welding wire on the surface of the workpiece is +/-2 mm. During welding, the laser beam can directly irradiate and heat the surface of a workpiece and a welding wire at the same time, the whole welding process is preheated, and the defects of interlayer fusion and side wall fusion which are easily generated in the narrow-gap multilayer welding process can be effectively overcome.
In addition, the hot wire heating device 3 and the wire feeder of the welding wire 2 are both connected with a hot wire power supply, and the hot wire power supply can provide a stable power source for the wire feeder of the welding wire 2 and provide a heat source for the heating function of the hot wire heating device 3. The invention realizes the accurate control of the temperature of the hot wire by controlling the high-frequency output current, and realizes the control of the depth of induction heating by changing the output oscillation frequency and utilizing the high-frequency induction skin effect.
The laser beam 1 is fiber laser or YAG laser, and the focal length of the laser beam is 150 mm-500 mm. Under the action of the laser beam, the TIG arc column tends to be more inclined to the laser beam side due to the coupling action of the laser arc, and the heating wire is more favorably heated. Meanwhile, the power of the laser beam is dynamically adjusted, so that stable transition of the welding wire is more favorably realized.
Before the welding wire 2 enters the molten pool, the welding wire is sequentially subjected to primary heating of a hot wire heating device 3, secondary heating under the combined action of irradiation of a laser beam 1 and a TIG arc column (a non-melting electrode 4 in figure 1), and tertiary heating of metal steam/plasma cloud above the liquid molten pool 7, so that the welding wire can quickly reach or approach a molten state; after the welding wire 2 enters the molten pool, the welding wire is accelerated to be converted into liquid under the fourth reheating action of the high-temperature liquid molten pool and becomes a part of the molten pool, and the welding wire and the weld metal 8 are welded to form an integral structure. The whole welding process is more stable, the filling efficiency is higher, the generation and the growth of welding defects are more favorably inhibited, and a high-quality welding joint is obtained.
The composite welding method of the present invention is described below by taking the case of using a manipulator to drive a composite welding torch to weld a medium-thick plate weldment with a thickness of 10mm to 20mm, and during the specific operation, dynamic light type welding or movable piece type welding can be adopted. Referring to fig. 1, the hybrid torch holds the laser welding head, the wire feed heater and the TIG torch, and the relative geometric positions of the laser beam 1, the welding wire 2 and the non-melting electrode 4 in the above method are maintained. Aiming at multilayer welding or multilayer multi-pass welding of thick plates and medium plates, the method is realized by adopting the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: designing an optimized welding groove, wherein a Y-shaped groove or a U-shaped groove is usually adopted, a small platform is designed at the junction of the groove and the truncated edge, the width of the platform is 2-4 mm, and the truncated edge is generally 2-4 mm; the bevel angle of the Y-shaped bevel is usually 20-60 degrees.
Step two: and (3) carrying out backing welding of the truncated edge by utilizing high-power laser deep melting penetration welding. In this step, the defocusing amount of the laser deep melting welding is measured by 0 mm.
Step three: the laser-hot wire TIG composite welding method is adopted to realize the middle layer-by-layer filling welding, and the height position of the composite welding torch is adjusted according to the single-layer filling thickness in the welding process, so that the relative geometric positions of the laser beam 1, the welding wire 2 and the non-melting electrode 4 and the welding plane are basically kept unchanged. The adopted laser beam is fiber laser, the focal length of the laser beam is 255mm, and the focal spot diameter is 0.525 mm.
In the step, the inclination angle between the light beam and the vertical direction is 40 degrees, the inclination angle between the hot wire and the vertical direction is 0 degree, the inclination angle between the tungsten electrode tip of the TIG electric arc and the vertical direction is 40 degrees, the vertical distance between the tungsten electrode tip of the TIG electric arc and the surface of the workpiece is 4mm, and the horizontal distance between the tungsten electrode tip of the TIG electric arc and the action point from the hot wire to the working surface is 4 mm. The defocusing amount of the laser beam is +20mm, and the diameter of a light spot on the surface of the workpiece after defocusing is about 6 mm; the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2 mm.
Step four: the laser-hot wire TIG composite welding method is adopted to realize the cover surface welding;
step five: and finishing laser and laser composite welding. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the heat loss of the hot wire in the heat dissipation area can be obviously reduced, and the deposition efficiency of the hot wire is further improved.
It should be clear that the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts in the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. For embodiments of the method, reference is made to the description of the apparatus embodiments in part. The present invention is not limited to the specific steps and structures described above and shown in the drawings. Also, a detailed description of known process techniques is omitted herein for the sake of brevity.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not limited to the present application. Various modifications and alterations to this application will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. The normal wire feeding laser-hot wire TIG hybrid welding method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
designing a welding groove at a welding part on a thick plate to be welded, and realizing backing welding of the truncated edge of the groove by utilizing high-power laser deep melting penetration welding;
performing layer-by-layer filling welding on the groove of the thick plate to be welded in a mode of combining a laser beam, a non-melting electrode and a continuously heated welding wire, wherein in the welding process, the height position of a composite welding torch to a molten pool is adjusted according to the single-layer filling thickness, the welding wire is inductively heated by a hot wire heating device, the laser beam is arranged in front of the welding wire in the welding feeding direction, the non-melting electrode is arranged behind the welding wire and is arranged in an inert gas protective cover, and in the composite welding process, the included angle between the heated welding wire and the normal direction of a welding surface is-10 degrees to +10 degrees;
performing cover welding on the groove weld of the welded thick plate by adopting the composite welding mode to finish the composite welding;
wherein, in the welding process by adopting a mode of combining a laser beam, a non-melting electrode and a continuously heated welding wire, the laser beam, the non-melting electrode and the continuously heated welding wire act on a molten pool of a groove of a thick plate to be welded and the vicinity thereof together, the defocusing form of the focus of the laser beam and the welding surface is positive defocusing, and the defocusing amount is 5 mm-30 mm;
the diameter of a light spot of the defocused laser beam on the welding surface is 3-10 mm;
in the composite welding process, the included angle between the laser beam and the normal direction of the welding surface is 30-45 degrees, in the composite welding process, the laser beam can directly irradiate and heat the welding surface and the welding wire at the same time, and the preheating effect is achieved in the whole welding process.
2. A normal wire feeding laser-hot wire TIG hybrid welding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the laser beam is a fiber laser or a YAG laser, and the focal length of the laser beam is 150mm to 500 mm.
3. A normal wire feeding laser-hot wire TIG hybrid welding method according to claim 1, wherein an inclination angle of a tungsten tip of a TIG arc of a non-consumable electrode to a normal direction of the welding surface is 30 ° to 45 °, a vertical distance of the tungsten tip to the welding surface is 3mm to 5mm, and a horizontal distance between the tungsten tip and an action point of the heating wire to the welding surface is 3mm to 5 mm.
4. A normal wire feeding laser-hot wire TIG hybrid welding method according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of the welding wire is 0.8mm to 1.6mm, and a distance between an axis of the laser beam and an axis of the welding wire is ± 2 mm.
5. The TIG hybrid welding method with laser and hot wire feeding in normal direction as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the hot wire heating device and the wire feeder of the welding wire are both connected with a hot wire power supply for providing a power source for the wire feeder and a heat source for the hot wire heating device.
6. The TIG hybrid welding method for normal wire feeding laser-hot wire according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the welding groove designed at the welding position on the thick plate to be welded is a Y-shaped groove or a U-shaped groove, and when the Y-shaped groove or the U-shaped groove is adopted, a small platform is designed at the junction of the groove and the blunt edge, the width of the platform is 2mm to 4mm, and the single edge of the blunt edge is 2mm to 4 mm; when a Y-shaped groove is adopted, the groove angle of the Y-shaped groove is usually 20-60 degrees.
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| CN110814552A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-02-21 | 渤海造船厂集团有限公司 | Scanning galvanometer laser-high frequency pulse TIG (tungsten inert gas) hybrid welding method |
| CN110961789A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-04-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Laser scanning-vibration hot wire TIG (tungsten inert gas) hybrid welding method |
| CN111185671A (en) * | 2020-03-08 | 2020-05-22 | 苏州大学 | Wire drive feed unit in light of response auxiliary heating |
| CN111347163A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-06-30 | 上海电力股份有限公司吴泾热电厂 | Y-shaped joint laser-TIG composite welding method |
| CN114054955A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-02-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Laser-electric arc hybrid welding process for steel for medium plate ocean platform |
| CN114985934A (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-09-02 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Large-gap thin plate laser filler welding method and device |
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