CN101811231B - Method for welding with laser-cold metal transferred arc composite heat source - Google Patents
Method for welding with laser-cold metal transferred arc composite heat source Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for welding with a laser-cold metal transferred arc composite heat source, and belongs to the technical field of composite heat sources. The welding method solves the technical problems of low-quality welding lines and low arc stability of the pure Ar-protected cold metal transferred arc welding. The method comprises the following steps of: using pure Ar gas for protection during welding, and forming a novel composite heat source by using the cold metal transferred arc(5) and a laser beam (2) of which the power is more than or equal to 800, wherein the laser beam (2) is defocused, the diameter of a laser spot formed by the laser beam (2) on the surface of a workpiece (1) to be welded is 1 to 4mm, a spot of the cold metal transferred arc (5) can be arranged in front of or behind the spot of the laser beam (2), the central distance of the two spots is 0 to 8mm, and an included angle between a welding torch(3) of the cold metal transferred arc(5) and the horizontal plane is 45 and 75 degrees. The composite heat source is mainly used for welding plates and tubes made of stainless steel, high-strength steel and nickel-based alloy.
Description
Affiliated technical field
A kind of laser-cold metal transferred arc composite heat power supply welding method that the present invention proposes belongs to the composite heat power supply welding technology field; specially refer to the spreadability that this composite heat power supply welding method can improve independent cold metal transferred arc weld seam, and can replace non-melt pole inert gas-shielded arc welding (TIG weldering) soldering stainless steel, high-strength steel, nickel-base alloy.
Background technology
It is the new solder technology that Fornis company develops gradually and grows up on research plate sheet welding, nothing are splashed transitional technology and aluminium and steel dissimilar metal interconnection technique basis that the cold metal transitional technology is called for short CMT (Cold Metal Transfer).Cold metal transitional technology (hereinafter to be referred as CMT) is carried out the digitlization coordination with wire feed and droplet transfer process, finishing mainly of this process realizes together by wire-drawing mechanism on the welding gun and the wire feeder in the wire feed system, wire-drawing mechanism on the welding gun is realized sending to quick pumpback of welding wire moved, and the wire feeder in the wire feed system is realized the propelling to welding wire.In the welding process, welding wire is sent to toward the workpiece direction, touches the moment in molten bath when the molten drop of welding wire end, processor detects a short-circuit signal, and give the welding gun wire-drawing mechanism with signal feedback, and at this moment, the quick pumpback welding wire of wire-drawing mechanism, the molten drop foot bridge is broken, welding wire separates the realization short circuit transition with molten drop, short circuiting transfer finishes, and electric arc ignites again, welding wire continues to send to forward, repeats the short circuit transition of front.When short circuiting transfer takes place, arc extinction, and the electric current of the welding wire of flowing through is very little, about 20 amperes, guarantees to play the effect of not having the transition of splashing.
Because above-mentioned CMT arc welding electric current is little, the heat input is little, splash little and post welding distortion little, the metallurgical quality height of weld metal, this CMT electric arc is particularly suitable for plate sheet welding.But because the bath temperature of CMT arc welding is relatively low, when welding cut deal metal, liquid weld metal is poor in the mother metal surface wettability, spreadability is poor, weld reinforcement is big, when adopting multi-pass welding, is prone to defectives such as incomplete fusion or slag inclusion especially.
In addition; when adopting the CMT arc welding stainless steel, nickel-base alloy of pure Ar protection or high-strength steel; owing to do not have oxidizing gas in the protective gas; therefore can reduce the content of the objectionable impurities elements such as C, O in the weld metal; thereby can improve the metallurgical performance of weld seam; but owing to lack oxide in the molten bath; the cathode protection of CMT electric arc is difficult to stablize; cathode protection is ceaselessly drifted about in the welding process; showing as electric arc waves; the deflection deficiency, the welding process instability has adverse influence to welding quality.
Summary of the invention
CMT arc welding above shortcomings at the not good and pure Ar protection of CMT arc weld spreadability in the background technology; the present invention proposes the welding method of a kind of laser-cold metal transferred arc composite heat power supply; this method can address the above problem well, realizes high quality welding.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
1, a kind of laser-cold metal transferred arc composite heat power supply welding method; wherein cold metal transferred arc 5 is arranged in pure Ar protective gas; and the welding wire 4 of cold metal transferred arc 5 under little electric current by welding wire 4 quick pumpbacks finish the metal drop short circuiting arc welding; the input of this sweating heat is little, it is little to splash, bath temperature is low; it is characterized in that
1) above-mentioned cold metal transferred arc 5 forms new composite heat power supply with the laser beam 2 of power 〉=800W;
2) laser beam 2 adopts and defocuses, and it is 1-4mm that laser beam 2 is radiated at welded piece 1 lip-deep laser spot diameter;
3) spot of cold metal transferred arc 5 both can be positioned at before the hot spot of laser beam 2, also can be positioned at after the hot spot of laser beam 2, and two spot center distance L are 0-8mm;
4) welding gun 3 of cold metal transferred arc 5 is 45 °-75 ° with horizontal plane angle θ.
2, according to above-mentioned composite heat power supply welding method, described laser instrument can be CO
2Laser instrument, Nd:YAG laser instrument, dish-like laser instrument, optical fiber laser or semiconductor laser.
3, according to above-mentioned composite heat power supply welding method, the composite heat power supply welding method of pure Ar protection can replace non-melt pole inert gas-shielded arc welding (TIG) soldering stainless steel, high-strength steel, nickel-base alloy.
4, according to above-mentioned composite heat power supply welding method, this composite heat power supply is mainly used in above-mentioned all kinds of sheet metal or tubing welding.
A kind of laser-cold metal transferred arc composite heat power supply welding method that the present invention proposes has solved the not good problem of liquid molten bath spreadability; improved appearance of weld; obviously improve simultaneously the stability of pure Ar protection CMT electric arc, improved welding quality and welding efficiency.
Description of drawings
The schematic diagram of the welding method of Fig. 1 a kind of laser of the present invention-cold metal transferred arc composite heat power supply
1 is welded piece among the figure, and 2 is laser beam, and 3 is the welding gun of CMT electric arc 5,4 is welding wire, and arrow is represented the composite heat power supply welding direction, 6 weld seams for composite heat power supply welding formation, L represents the centre distance between the spot of the spot of CMT electric arc 5 and laser beam 2, and θ is the angle between welding gun 3 and horizontal plane.
As shown in Figure 1, the composite heat power supply that the present invention proposes is made up of CMT electric arc 5 and laser beam 2, laser beam 2 adopts the form that defocuses, be that the spot diameter that laser beam 2 is radiated at welded piece 1 lip-deep laser beam 2 is 1-4mm, centre distance L between the hot spot of the spot of CMT electric arc 5 and laser beam 2 is 0-8mm, and welding gun 3 is the 45-75 degree with the surface of the work angle theta.
The method for welding with laser-cold metal transferred arc composite heat source that utilizes the present invention to propose, take full advantage of CMT arc heat input low, splash little, seam deformation is little, on the basis of the advantage that the Welding Metallurgy quality is high, utilize the effect of laser in the composite heat power supply, overcome the deficiency of CMT arc welding method, obtained high-quality welding.
Laser beam has guiding, compression and stable effect to CMT electric arc, and laser beam is roughly as follows to the mechanism of CMT arcing:
In the CMT arc welding process that adopts the Ar protection; as what illustrate in the background technology; because cathode protection is difficult to stablize; electric arc waves; arc stiffness is inadequate; the welding process instability; when adopting composite heat power supply welding method of the present invention; the very high laser beam irradiation of energy density is to the workpiece weld pool surface; irradiated regional temperature raises rapidly; after reaching the metal vapourizing temperature; the weld pool surface metal produces strong vaporization; the result is so that the metallic atom density improve in the arc-plasma; metallic atom is compared with the atom from protective gas; has lower ionization energy; like this; electric arc is just attracted consumingly in the higher zonal combustion of metallic vapour density ratio; at this moment the root of electric arc is attracted securely in surface of the work Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation zone; produce the phenomenon of laser aiming electric arc; played the effect of stable CMT arc cathode spot; thereby increased the deflection of electric arc, suppressed wandering, therefore; under the pure Ar protective condition of non-oxidation gas, can stably realize high-quality; efficiently welding.
In composite heat power supply since laser beam 2 power big (〉=800W), laser beam 2 can be fully to the workpiece heating, thereby improve spreadability and the appearance of weld of molten pool metal.
Specific embodiments
A kind of laser-cold metal transferred arc the composite heat power supply that utilizes the present invention to propose carries out soldering test, the HL2006D type Nd:YAG solid state laser that the German TRUMPF of test employing company produces, peak power output 2.6KW, output wavelength is the continuous light wave of 1.06 μ m, adopting focal length is the condenser lens of 200mm, and the CMT arc power is the TPS4000 type digitlization CMT source of welding current and the wire feed system that Austrian FRONIUS company produces.
1, the test mother metal is 304 stainless steels, and the test plate (panel) specification is 200mm * 40mm * 7mm, adopts the 308L stainless steel welding stick of Ф 1.2mm, and protective gas is pure Ar, and gas flow is 25L/min, tests to be dull and stereotyped built-up welding, and postwelding is investigated appearance of weld.
Welding variables is as follows:
Speed of welding 0.8m/min, wire feed rate 6.6m/min, welding current 169A, arc voltage 19V, laser power 1000W, the spot diameter of surface of the work are 1.8mm, chevilled silk spacing 3mm, stem elongation degree 16mm.
Postwelding is measured the fusion penetration of slab reactor welding line, molten wide and reinforcement, and the result is as follows:
| Fusion penetration (mm) | Molten wide (mm) | Reinforcement (mm) | |
| The CMT arc-welding | 1.28 | 4.72 | 1.68 |
| Laser-cold metal transferred arc composite heat power supply | 1.60 | 7.68 | 1.36 |
As seen, compare with independent CMT arc weld, the fusion penetration of laser-cold metal transition composite heat power supply weld seam and molten wide increase, reinforcement reduces, and wherein fusion penetration increases about 25%, molten wide increase about 63%, and that reinforcement reduces is about 19%, under the identical condition of other CMT arc-welding parameter, molten wide big more, reinforcement is more little, shows that the spreadability of weld seam is good more.The molten wide ratio of reinforcement is the index of a reflection weld seam spreadability quality more directly perceived, and this index is more little, and the weld seam spreadability is good more.Calculating shows, CMT arc weld reinforcement-molten wide ratio is 0.36 separately, and laser-cold metal transferred arc composite heat power supply weld reinforcement-molten wide ratio is 0.18, this shows that for stainless steel laser-cold metal transferred arc composite heat power supply weld seam spreadability is significantly better than the spreadability of independent CMT arc weld.
2, the test selection is a Q235 common low carbon steel plate, and the test plate (panel) specification is 200mm * 40mm * 8mm, adopts the ER50-6CO of diameter Ф 1.2mm
2Gas protecting welding wire, protective gas are 90%Ar+10%CO
2, gas flow 20L/min.Test is dull and stereotyped built-up welding, carries out independent CMT arc-welding test and laser-CMT composite heat power supply test respectively, and postwelding is measured fusion penetration, molten wide and reinforcement, relatively the appearance of weld situation of weld seam.
Welding variables is as follows:
Speed of welding 0.8m/min, wire feed rate 6.6m/min, welding current 168A, arc voltage 19V, laser power 1200W, the spot diameter of surface of the work are 1.8mm, chevilled silk spacing 3mm, stem elongation degree 16mm.
Postwelding is measured the fusion penetration of slab reactor welding line, molten wide and reinforcement, and the result is as follows:
| Fusion penetration (mm) | Molten wide (mm) | Reinforcement (mm) | |
| The CMT arc-welding | 1.20 | 4.86 | 1.62 |
| Laser-CMT composite heat power supply | 1.71 | 7.72 | 1.33 |
As seen, compare with independent CMT arc weld, the fusion penetration of laser-CMT composite weld and molten wide increase, reinforcement reduces, wherein fusion penetration increases approximately 43%, and molten wide increase is about 59%, and reinforcement reduces about 18%, the reinforcement of independent CMT arc-welding-molten wide ratio is 0.33, and laser-CMT composite heat power supply reinforcement-molten wide ratio is 0.17.
This shows, for ordinary carbon steel, the spreadability of laser-cold metal transferred arc composite heat power supply weld seam is also significantly better than the spreadability of independent CMT arc weld.
3, select the HS13/5L stainless steel welding stick (Cr11.0-13.0% of the diameter Ф 1.2mm that the Harbin institute of welding develops voluntarily for use, Ni4.5-5%), carry out conventional MAG weldering, CMT arc-welding and laser-cold metal transferred arc arc composite heat source weldering deposited metal performance test respectively according to GB/T17493-1998, postwelding detects the impact flexibility of deposited metal.
(1) conventional MAG weldering
Speed of welding 0.5m/min, welding current 178A, arc voltage 22V, laser power 1000W, stem elongation degree 16mm, protective gas Ar+3%CO
2, gas flow 20L/min.
(2) CMT arc-welding
Speed of welding 0.5m/min, wire feed rate 6.6m/min, welding current 168A, arc voltage 19V, stem elongation degree 16mm, protective gas Ar+3%CO
2, gas flow 20L/min.
(3) laser-cold metal transferred arc composite heat power supply weldering
Speed of welding 0.6m/min, wire feed rate 6.6m/min, welding current 168A, arc voltage 19V, laser power 1000W, stem elongation degree 16mm, the spot diameter of surface of the work are 1.8mm, chevilled silk spacing 3mm, the pure Ar of protective gas, gas flow 20L/min.
The impact ductility test result of deposited metal is as follows:
Result of the test under table 1 normal temperature
| Average impact flexibility (J) | |
| Conventional MAG weldering | ?30 |
| The CMT arc-welding | ?98 |
| Laser-cold metal transferred arc composite heat power supply weldering | ?120 |
Result of the test under table 2 condition of heat treatment
| Average impact flexibility (J) | |
| Conventional MAG weldering | 70 |
| The CMT arc-welding | 141 |
| Laser-cold metal transferred arc composite heat power supply weldering | 162 |
Specification of heat treatment: 590 ℃ * 12h heat treatment, stove are as cold as the air cooling of coming out of the stove below 100 ℃.
From above-mentioned table 1 and table 2 as can be seen, no matter be as-welded, or condition of heat treatment, the deposited metal normal temperature impact flexibility of laser-cold metal transferred arc composite heat power supply weldering all is higher than the impact flexibility of conventional MAG weldering and CMT arc-welding deposited metal.
Claims (4)
1. laser-cold metal transferred arc composite heat power supply welding method; wherein cold metal transferred arc (5) adopts pure Ar protective gas; and the welding wire (4) of cold metal transferred arc (5) under little electric current by welding wire (4) fast pumpback finish metal drop transition welding; the input of this sweating heat is little, it is little to splash, bath temperature is low; it is characterized in that
1) above-mentioned cold metal transferred arc (5) forms new composite heat power supply with the laser beam (2) of power 〉=800W;
2) laser beam (2) adopts and defocuses, and it is 1-4mm that laser beam (2) is radiated at the lip-deep laser spot diameter of welded piece (1);
3) spot of cold metal transferred arc (5) also can be positioned at after the hot spot of laser beam (2) before both can being positioned at the hot spot of laser beam (2), and two spot center distance L are 0-8mm;
4) welding gun (3) of cold metal transferred arc (5) is the 45-75 degree with horizontal plane angle θ.
2. composite heat power supply welding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described laser instrument can be CO
2Laser instrument, Nd:YAG laser instrument, dish-like laser instrument, optical fiber laser or semiconductor laser.
3. composite heat power supply welding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the composite heat power supply welding method of pure Ar protection can replace non-melt pole inert gas-shielded arc welding (TIG) soldering stainless steel, high-strength steel, nickel-base alloy.
4. according to the welding method of the described composite heat power supply of claim 1, it is characterized in that this composite heat power supply is mainly used in the sheet material and the tubing welding of above-mentioned each metalloid.
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