CN113560700A - Method for manufacturing corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloy surfacing layer by CMT (chemical mechanical planarization) method - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloy surfacing layer by CMT (chemical mechanical planarization) method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113560700A CN113560700A CN202110908692.XA CN202110908692A CN113560700A CN 113560700 A CN113560700 A CN 113560700A CN 202110908692 A CN202110908692 A CN 202110908692A CN 113560700 A CN113560700 A CN 113560700A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/12—Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
- B23K9/133—Means for feeding electrodes, e.g. drums, rolls, motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/24—Features related to electrodes
- B23K9/28—Supporting devices for electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
- B24B27/033—Other grinding machines or devices for grinding a surface for cleaning purposes, e.g. for descaling or for grinding off flaws in the surface
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloy surfacing layer by a CMT method, and relates to the technical field of welding. The method comprises the following steps: polishing and cleaning the surface of a workpiece, and performing CMT welding, wherein the parameters of the CMT welding comprise: the wire feeding speed is 6.0-9.0m/min, the welding speed is controlled to be 40-60cm/min, the current is 200-220A, the voltage is 15-17V, the inclination angle of a welding gun is 10 degrees, and the flow rate of pure Ar protective gas is 15L/min. The method has the advantages of high welding efficiency, high welding seam quality, low welding seam dilution rate, small penetration and excellent intergranular corrosion resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to a method for manufacturing a corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloy surfacing layer by a CMT (chemical vapor deposition) method.
Background
In the development process of marine oil and gas resources, the seawater has strong corrosion effect on various metal structures due to the existence of elements such as chlorine, bromine, iodine and the like in the sea and carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen dissolved in the water. In order to solve the problem of corrosion damage of petroleum and natural gas transportation pipelines, bimetallic composite pipes are industrially used as transportation pipelines of oil and gas resources. The bimetal composite pipe enhances the corrosion resistance of the pipeline by overlaying a corrosion resistant alloy (such as Inconel 625) on the inner wall of low carbon steel (X65). Inconel 625 is a nickel-based alloy mainly containing Ni, Cr, and Mo elements, and contains secondary elements such as Nb and Fe. 625 alloy is a solid solution strengthening alloy with improved performance by dissolving Nb and Mo in the matrix, and has very excellent high-temperature creep property and corrosion resistance. However, the nickel-based alloy is high in cost, so that the nickel-based alloy is generally used together with a low-carbon steel pipe to obtain a bimetal composite pipe with good mechanical property and corrosion resistance.
The welding manufacture of the nickel-based alloy composite pipe mainly comprises the following steps: argon tungsten arc welding (GTAW), laser cladding, Cold Metal Transition (CMT), and the like. The methods can obtain the alloy welding seam with good forming and excellent performance, but the alloy welding seam obtained by different processes has slightly different performances in all aspects. Currently, the most common welding production method is to manufacture the corrosion-resistant composite pipe by overlaying a nickel-based alloy on low-carbon steel by a GTAW method. However, the GTAW method has a low welding efficiency, and due to its high dilution rate, C and Fe elements in the carbon steel substrate diffuse into the nickel-based alloy overlay, thereby reducing the corrosion resistance of the overlay. In view of these problems, the CMT method that has emerged in recent years as an efficient welding method can be used to weld an Inconel 625 weld overlay on the inner wall of X65 pipeline steel. Compared with the GTAW process, the dilution rate of the CMT process welding line is greatly reduced, and the diffusion of Fe element is expected to be greatly inhibited, so that the intergranular corrosion resistance of the welding line is effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloy overlay welding layer by a CMT method, which has the characteristics of high forming efficiency, environmental friendliness, small splashing, low dilution rate, high intergranular corrosion resistance of a welding line and the like.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for manufacturing a corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloy surfacing layer by a CMT method, which comprises the following steps:
polishing and cleaning the surface of a workpiece, and performing CMT welding, wherein the parameters of the CMT welding comprise: the wire feeding speed is 6.0-9.0m/min, the welding speed is controlled to be 40-60cm/min, the current is 200-220A, the voltage is 15-17V, the inclination angle of a welding gun is 10 degrees, and the flow rate of pure Ar protective gas is 15L/min.
Preferably, the grinding and cleaning comprises: and (3) polishing the surface of the workpiece by using an angle grinder loading polishing sheet to remove impurities and oxides on the surface of the workpiece, and then wiping the surface of the workpiece by using alcohol or acetone to remove oil stains.
Preferably, the CMT welding is performed using a welding apparatus comprising: the welding robot comprises a nickel-based alloy welding wire, a welding robot, a CMT welding machine power supply, a water tank and a CMT welding gun, wherein the CMT welding gun is powered by the CMT welding machine power supply and is cooled by the water tank.
Preferably, the welding equipment is a FRONIUS CMT welding machine, the welding wire is ERNiCrMo-3, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.14 mm.
Preferably, when the parameters of the CMT welding are set, the method comprises the steps of determining welding parameters and editing a welding program, and further comprises the step of setting the dry elongation of the welding wire to be 12mm-15 mm.
Preferably, the welding program editing is performed on an RCU5000 remote controller matched with the welding machine, and the welding program editing on the RCU5000 remote controller is performed according to the following steps: (1) selecting a welding material; (2) determining the diameter of the welding wire; (3) confirming protective gas; (4) and selecting a welding process.
Preferably, when CMT welding is carried out, attention is paid to slag removal operation between welding passes, and the track spacing is controlled to be 4.5-6.0 mm.
Preferably, after the CMT welding, determining the intergranular corrosion sensitivity and the intergranular corrosion resistance of the nickel-based alloy overlay layer is further included.
Preferably, the sensitivity of the nickel-based alloy overlay to intergranular corrosion is determined using a dual ring electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation test.
Preferably, the intergranular corrosion resistance of the nickel-based alloy overlay is determined using a corrosion weight loss experiment.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a method for manufacturing a corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloy surfacing layer by a CMT method, wherein the embodiment takes the CMT method for surfacing corrosion-resistant Inconel 625 alloy as an example for explanation, and the method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the welding efficiency is high. Compared with the traditional manual argon arc welding process, the CMT method greatly improves the welding efficiency by accelerating the wire feeding speed and the welding speed under the condition of ensuring the welding heat input;
(2) the welding seam quality is high. The CMT method reduces short-circuit current in the welding process, has small weld spatter and excessively stable molten drop, and the obtained weld has good forming and no defects such as air holes, defects, inclusions and the like.
(3) The weld dilution rate is low and the penetration is small. The CMT method avoids the generation of short-circuit current in the molten drop transition process by controlling the welding wire to be drawn back, and the obtained welding line has smaller fusion depth and low dilution rate, as shown in figure 3. The intercrystalline corrosion resistance of the nickel-based alloy is in inverse proportion to the content of Fe, and the diffusion of harmful elements such as Fe, C and the like in the X65 pipeline steel base material into the Inconel 625 overlaying layer is inhibited due to the low dilution rate, so that the Inconel 625 overlaying layer obtained by the CMT method has more excellent intercrystalline corrosion resistance.
(4) The intergranular corrosion resistance is excellent. The DOS value (0) for the CMT weld overlay is seen from the dual ring zeta reactivation curve (see Table 1), indicating that no reactivation occurs during the galvanic corrosion process, which indicates that the sensitivity of the CMT process derived weld overlay to intergranular corrosion is greatly reduced. The corrosion rate curve obtained by the corrosion weight loss experiment (as shown in fig. 3) shows that the corrosion rate of the CMT weld overlay is basically unchanged along with the prolonging of the corrosion time. The corrosion rate of the CMT overlaying layer is maintained to be about 0.45mm/Y, which is far lower than the standard value (1.0mm/Y) of the acceptance of the marine oil and gas pipeline for intergranular corrosion. In conclusion, the intergranular corrosion resistance of the CMT overlaying layer is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a welding process for overlaying a nickel-based alloy by a CMT method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a CMT derived Inconel 625 alloy weld overlay;
FIG. 3 is a CMT weld overlay corrosion rate curve.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloy overlaying layer by a CMT method, which comprises the following steps:
polishing and cleaning the surface of a workpiece, and performing CMT welding, wherein the parameters of the CMT welding comprise: the wire feeding speed is 6.0-9.0m/min, the welding speed is controlled to be 40-60cm/min, the current is 200-220A, the voltage is 15-17V, the inclination angle of a welding gun is 10 degrees, and the flow rate of pure Ar protective gas is 15L/min.
The polishing and cleaning according to the present invention preferably comprises: and (3) polishing the surface of the workpiece by using an angle grinder loading polishing sheet to remove impurities and oxides on the surface of the workpiece, and then wiping the surface of the workpiece by using alcohol or acetone to remove oil stains.
The CMT welding is preferably performed using a welding apparatus, which preferably comprises: the welding robot comprises a nickel-based alloy welding wire, a welding robot, a CMT welding machine power supply, a water tank and a CMT welding gun, wherein the CMT welding gun is powered by the CMT welding machine power supply and is cooled by the water tank. The welding equipment is preferably a FRONIUS CMT welding machine, the welding wire is ERNiCrMo-3, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.14 mm.
When the parameters of CMT welding are set, the method preferably comprises the steps of determining the welding parameters and editing the welding program, and also comprises the step of setting the dry elongation of the welding wire to be 12-15 mm. The welding program editing is preferably carried out on an RCU5000 remote controller matched with the welding machine, and the welding program editing on the RCU5000 remote controller is carried out according to the following steps: (1) selecting a welding material; (2) determining the diameter of the welding wire; (3) confirming protective gas; (4) and selecting a welding process.
When CMT welding is carried out, the invention preferably needs to pay attention to the slag removal operation between welding passes,the track pitch is controlled to be 4.5-6.0 mm. The present invention preferably further comprises determining the intergranular corrosion sensitivity and intergranular corrosion resistance of the nickel-base alloy overlay after said CMT welding. The method preferably utilizes a double-ring electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation test (DL-EPR) to determine the intergranular corrosion sensitivity of the nickel-based alloy overlaying layer, wherein the double-ring electrochemical potentiodynamic test is carried out at room temperature, and the solution is 2M H2SO4+1.5M HCl +0.001M KSCN, sample size determined to be 10X 10 XB mm (B is the sample thickness), scan rate of 1.67mV/s, scan voltage range-0.4VSCE-0.4VSCE。
The intergranular corrosion resistance of the nickel-based alloy overlaying layer is preferably determined by using a corrosion weight loss experiment, wherein the corrosion weight loss experiment solution is 50% of FeSO4The corrosion rate was calculated after keeping the solution slightly boiling for 120h in a sulfuric acid solution with sample dimensions of 30X 20 XB mm (B is the sample thickness).
The method for fabricating a corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloy overlay by the CMT method according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The method for overlaying Inconel 625 on X65 pipeline steel by adopting a CMT method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) polishing the surface of the workpiece by using a loading polishing sheet of an angle grinder, removing impurities and oxides on the surface of the X65 workpiece, and then wiping the surface of the workpiece by using alcohol or acetone to remove oil stains;
(2) configuring welding equipment, wherein the welding equipment comprises an Inconel 625 welding wire, and a welding robot, a CMT welding machine power supply, a water tank, a CMT welding gun and a welding gun are powered by the CMT welding machine power supply and cooled by the water tank;
(3) the method is carried out on an RCU5000 remote controller matched with the welding machine, and is carried out according to the following steps when a welding program is edited on the RCU5000 remote controller: selecting a welding material; determining the diameter of the welding wire; confirming protective gas; and selecting a welding process.
(4) Formally welding, setting welding process parameters, keeping the dry elongation at 12-15mm, setting the wire feeding speed at 8.0m/min, controlling the welding speed at 50cm/min, the current at 220A, the voltage at 15-17V, the inclination angle of a welding gun at 10 degrees, and the flow rate of pure Ar protective gas at 15L/min; determining whether to swing and welding speed according to the welding efficiency; determining the hardness and the length of an electric arc according to the welding speed, and paying attention to slag removal operation among welding beads during welding, wherein the track interval is controlled to be 5.5 mm;
(5) A10X 1mm sample of the CMT weld overlay obtained was subjected to a double ring electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation test at room temperature and compared to the GTAW weld overlay. The solution was 2M H2SO4+1.5M HCl +0.001M KSCN, the scan rate was 1.67mV/s, and the scan voltage range was-0.4 VSCE-0.4 VSCE. At the end of the experiment, the intergranular corrosion sensitivity (DOS ═ Ir/Ia) of the weld was obtained by calculating the ratio of the reactivation peak current density (Ir) to the activation peak current density (Ia). Generally, the smaller DOS value represents the lower intergranular corrosion sensitivity of the material, and the stronger the intergranular corrosion resistance of the material.
(6) A30X 20X 2mm sample of the CMT overlaying layer is soaked in a slightly boiling 50% FeSO 4-sulfuric acid solution for 120 hours, and compared with a GTAW overlaying layer, the corrosion resistance of the two processes is good or bad.
TABLE 1CMT and GTAW weld overlay dual ring electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation DOS values.
In conclusion, the corrosion rate of the CMT overlaying layer is maintained to be about 0.45mm/Y, which is far lower than the standard value (1.0mm/Y) of the acceptance of the marine oil and gas pipeline for intergranular corrosion. In conclusion, the intergranular corrosion resistance of the CMT overlaying layer is greatly improved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for manufacturing a corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloy overlaying layer by a CMT method comprises the following steps:
polishing and cleaning the surface of a workpiece, and performing CMT welding, wherein the parameters of the CMT welding comprise: the wire feeding speed is 6.0-9.0m/min, the welding speed is controlled to be 40-60cm/min, the current is 200-220A, the voltage is 15-17V, the inclination angle of a welding gun is 10 degrees, and the flow rate of pure Ar protective gas is 15L/min.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the grinding and cleaning comprises: and (3) polishing the surface of the workpiece by using an angle grinder loading polishing sheet to remove impurities and oxides on the surface of the workpiece, and then wiping the surface of the workpiece by using alcohol or acetone to remove oil stains.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the CMT weld is performed using a welding apparatus comprising: the welding robot comprises a nickel-based alloy welding wire, a welding robot, a CMT welding machine power supply, a water tank and a CMT welding gun, wherein the CMT welding gun is powered by the CMT welding machine power supply and is cooled by the water tank.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the welding device is a FRONIUS CMT welder and the wire is ERNiCrMo-3, the wire having a diameter of 1.14 mm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the parameters of the CMT weld are set, including weld parameter determination and weld procedure editing, and further comprising setting a dry wire elongation of 12mm to 15 mm.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the welding program editing is performed on a RCU5000 remote control associated with the welder, and wherein the welding program editing on the RCU5000 remote control is performed according to the following steps: (1) selecting a welding material; (2) determining the diameter of the welding wire; (3) confirming protective gas; (4) and selecting a welding process.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein during CMT welding, attention is paid to the slag removal operation between passes and the track spacing is controlled to be 4.5-6.0 mm.
8. The method of claim 1 or 7, further comprising determining the intergranular corrosion sensitivity and intergranular corrosion resistance of the nickel-based alloy overlay after the CMT welding.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the susceptibility of the nickel-based alloy overlay to intergranular corrosion is determined using a dual ring electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation test.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the intergranular corrosion resistance of the nickel-base alloy overlay is determined using a corrosion weight loss test.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN115870589A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-03-31 | 天津大学 | Automatic surfacing welding method for bimetal composite pipe side wall hole opening CMT |
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| CN115870589A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-03-31 | 天津大学 | Automatic surfacing welding method for bimetal composite pipe side wall hole opening CMT |
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