CN114749764A - Stainless steel and carbon steel narrow gap gas shield welding process - Google Patents
Stainless steel and carbon steel narrow gap gas shield welding process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114749764A CN114749764A CN202210456190.2A CN202210456190A CN114749764A CN 114749764 A CN114749764 A CN 114749764A CN 202210456190 A CN202210456190 A CN 202210456190A CN 114749764 A CN114749764 A CN 114749764A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/06—Arrangements or circuits for starting the arc, e.g. by generating ignition voltage, or for stabilising the arc
- B23K9/067—Starting the arc
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/095—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
Abstract
The invention relates to a narrow gap welding process for dissimilar steel, in particular to a narrow gap gas shield welding process for stainless steel and carbon steel. The method is suitable for connecting the stainless steel with the thickness of 30-200 mm and the carbon steel with the thickness of 30-200 mm, and specifically comprises the following steps: selecting an I-shaped or U-shaped groove when the thickness is less than 100mm, and selecting a double-sided U-shaped groove when the thickness is 100-200 mm; selecting a stainless steel solid core or flux-cored gas-shielded welding wire; the energy of a backing welding wire is not more than 20KJ, the energy of a filling wire is not more than 30KJ, the welding current range is 100-350A, the voltage is 18-30V, the welding speed is 200-350 mm/min, the swing angle range is 0-180 degrees, and the sidewall retention time is 0-0.8 s; controlling the interlayer temperature in the welding process to be not more than 200 ℃; during double-sided welding, performing turn-over welding for 1-4 times; and when the last three or four welding processes are carried out, an external gas protective cover is added for welding. The welding quality is superior to that of the traditional welding method, the stress of a welding joint is effectively controlled, the welding efficiency is greatly improved, and the welding cost is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a narrow gap welding process for dissimilar steel, in particular to a narrow gap gas shield welding process for stainless steel and carbon steel.
Background
With the increasing large-scale of modern industry, the application of thick plate and super-thick plate structure is more and more extensive. The domestic needle large-thickness steel material welding method still mainly adopts the traditional welding methods of manual arc welding (SMAW), flux-cored arc welding (FCW), tungsten electrode argon arc welding (GTAW), submerged automatic arc welding (SAW) and the like. The constantly increase of welded structure thickness for original traditional automatic weld shows very big limitation and inadaptability, the biggest shortcoming is exactly because thick plate groove area sharply increases, lead to the multiple increase of welding engineering volume, low in production efficiency, it is many to consume the welding material, welding cost is high, and heat input volume is big, the heat affected zone is wide, the crystalline grain is thick, under the combined action of the big degree of restraint of thickness and a large amount of filler metal solidification shrinkage power, welded joint has great residual stress and welding deformation, welded joint mechanical properties is low, welding defects such as crackle easily produce.
In addition, most high-strength steels used or gradually popularized in modern industry and manufacturing industry are very sensitive to welding heat cycles and cold cracks, and have extremely high requirements on the mechanical properties of welding joints, which requires that welding must be performed at lower heat input, but undoubtedly reduces part of the production efficiency. The welding difficulty of the homogeneous steel plate is enhanced along with the increase of the thickness, and the heterogeneous welding difficulty of stainless steel and carbon steel is multiplied. In the fields of chemical industry, ocean, nuclear power and the like, the corrosion resistance of stainless steel and the mechanical property and economic benefit of carbon steel are mostly adopted, so that the characteristics of high corrosion resistance are realized while the cost is reduced.
The narrow-gap TIG welding method is the most commonly used method for welding stainless steel at present, and has the advantages of simple welding operation, no molten drop transition, wide process window, low production efficiency, no suitability for all-position welding due to narrow-gap submerged arc welding, capability of well solving the problems due to narrow-gap gas shield welding, limitation on use due to narrow process window and difficult spatter control, and very necessary exploration of a suitable narrow-gap gas shield welding process route.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a narrow-gap gas-shielded welding process for stainless steel and carbon steel. The welding quality is superior to that of the traditional welding method, the stress of a welding joint is effectively controlled, the welding efficiency is greatly improved, and the welding cost is greatly reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a stainless steel and carbon steel narrow gap gas shield welding process is suitable for connection between stainless steel with the thickness of 30-200 mm and carbon steel with the thickness of 30-200 mm, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) different forms of grooves are designed for stainless steel and carbon steel with different thicknesses, an I-shaped groove or a U-shaped groove is selected when the thickness of any one of the two steel plates is less than 100mm, and a double-sided U-shaped groove is selected when the thicknesses of the two steel plates are both 100-200 mm.
2) According to the grade of stainless steel, a stainless steel solid core or flux-cored gas-shielded welding wire with the diameter of 0.8-1.6 mm is selected.
3) Before welding, the impurities such as rust, oil stain and water on the surface of the steel plate are removed by adopting modes such as polishing, coal gas heating and the like so as to ensure the welding quality.
4) And (3) carrying out welding assembly, if an I-shaped groove is selected, setting the bottom clearance to be 9-12 mm, setting the groove angle to be 3-5 degrees, and enabling the bottom clearance to be a homogeneous steel plate with a proper size or a ceramic liner.
If a U-shaped groove is selected, the bottoms are combined together, the bottom truncated edge size is 1-2 mm, the bottom diameter is 9-12 mm, and the top gap is 14-25 mm.
If a double-sided U-shaped groove is selected, the bottoms are combined together, the bottom truncated edge is 1-3 mm in size, the diameter of the bottom is 9-12 mm, and the top gap is 14-20 mm.
5) After the groove is formed, two arc striking plates with the same shape as the groove are connected at the beginning and the end of the welding bead, so that the defects of air holes and the like in an actual welding area are avoided.
6) The following protective gases are selected, such as high-purity argon, mixed gas of 98% argon and 2% oxygen, and mixed gas of 98% argon and 2% carbon dioxide.
7) Selecting proper welding process parameters (current, voltage and welding speed) and swing parameters (swing angle and side wall residence time), wherein the energy of a backing welding wire is not more than 20KJ, the energy of a filling wire is not more than 30KJ, the welding current range is 100-350A, the voltage is 18-30V, the welding speed is 200-350 mm/min, the swing angle range is 0-180 degrees, and the side wall residence time is 0-0.8 s.
8) Controlling the interlayer temperature in the welding process to be not more than 200 ℃.
9) In the welding process, by observing the welding arc, the arc swing parameters can be automatically or manually adjusted, so that the welding quality of a welding joint is ensured, and the welding defects such as unfused welding, undercut and the like are avoided.
10) During double-sided welding, the welding needs to be performed for 1-4 times, and therefore cracks at welding seams due to stress concentration are avoided.
11) And when the last three or four welding passes are carried out, an external gas protection cover is required to be added for welding so as to ensure that no welding defects such as air holes and the like are generated.
12) After welding, the arc striking device, the back plate and the like can be removed by cutting or carbon arc gas explosion and other modes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention designs grooves with different forms aiming at marine steel structures with different thicknesses, wherein a U-shaped groove is selected when the thickness is below 100mm, and a double-sided U-shaped groove is selected when the thickness is 100-200 mm; satisfy the welding demand under the different environment, be convenient for narrow clearance gas shield welding.
2. Welding assembly is carried out, if an I-shaped groove is selected, the bottom gap is 9-12 mm; if a U-shaped groove is selected, the top gap is 14-25 mm; if a double-sided U-shaped groove is selected, the top gap is 14-20 mm, the groove is narrow, single-layer single-pass welding can be achieved, stress concentration caused by too many passes is avoided, the tendency of cracks is reduced, and the stress of a welding joint is effectively controlled. Meanwhile, in the double-sided welding process, the welding is turned over for 1-4 times, so that stress concentration caused by restraint is avoided, and the phenomenon that the stress at the welding seam is too large to cause cracks is avoided;
3. The invention uses the run-on plate with the same shape as the groove, avoids the defects of air holes and the like formed in the actual welding area, ensures the integrity of the whole structure and reduces the repair cost after welding.
4. According to the invention, the welding current and the welding speed are changed to control the height of the filling layer, the swing angle of the side wall and the swing speed are changed to control the side wall forming condition in cooperation with the retention time, a stable gas shield welding process window is found, slag inclusion caused by splashing is avoided, the welding slag floats on the surface, separate slag removal is not needed, the welding efficiency is improved to a greater extent on the premise of improving the one-time forming rate of welding, and the welding cost is reduced.
5. And when the last three or four welding passes are carried out, an external gas protection cover is added for welding so as to ensure that no welding defects such as air holes and the like are generated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic bevel of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic bevel of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic groove of example 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a narrow-gap gas-shielded welding process for stainless steel and carbon steel. Those skilled in the art can modify the process parameters appropriately in view of the disclosure herein. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications which would be obvious to one skilled in the art are deemed to be included in the invention. While the methods and applications of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations and modifications in the methods and applications described herein, as well as other suitable variations and combinations, may be made to implement and use the techniques of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment is applied to welding of Q345 carbon steel with the thickness of 60mm and 304 stainless steel with the thickness of 60mm, and the specific process is as follows:
1) as shown in figure 1, an I-shaped groove is selected, the bottom gap is 11mm, the groove angle is 4 degrees, and a 100mm stainless steel plate is selected as a back plate at the bottom.
2) A matching stainless steel 1.2mm er308L solid core gas shielded welding wire was selected.
3) Before welding, a mechanical polishing mode is adopted to remove impurities such as rust, oil stain, water and the like on the surface of the steel plate so as to ensure the welding quality.
4) After the groove assembly, arc striking plates with the same shape as the groove are required to be connected at the two positions of the starting point and the end point of the welding bead, so that the defects of air holes and the like formed in an actual welding area are avoided.
5) A mixed gas of 98% argon and 2% carbon dioxide is selected.
6) The welding current is 220A, the voltage is 21.5V, the welding speed is 280mm/min, the swing angle range is 30-60 degrees, and the sidewall retention time is 0.3 s.
7) The interlayer temperature during the soldering process was 150 ℃.
8) In the welding process, the welding arc is observed, and the arc swinging parameters are manually adjusted, so that the welding quality of a welding joint is ensured, and the welding defects such as incomplete fusion, undercut and the like are avoided.
9) And during the last four welding processes, an external gas protective cover is required to be added for welding so as to ensure that no welding defects such as air holes and the like are generated.
10) And after welding is finished, the arc striking device and the back plate can be removed by using a carbon arc gas explosion mode.
11) The welding joint has good quality and no welding defects, the mechanical property inspection meets the national standard requirements, and the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is ensured.
Example 2:
the embodiment is applied to welding 75mm thick DH36 carbon steel and 75mm thick 308 stainless steel, and the specific process is as follows:
1) as shown in figure 2, a U-shaped groove is selected, the bottom truncated edge is 1.5mm, the bottom diameter is 11mm, and the top gap is 17 mm.
2) A matched stainless steel 1.2mm ER309L solid-core gas-shielded welding wire is selected.
3) Before welding, a mechanical polishing mode is adopted to remove impurities such as rust, oil stain and water on the surface of the steel plate so as to ensure the welding quality.
4) After the groove assembly, arc striking plates with the same shape as the groove are required to be connected at the two positions of the starting point and the end point of the welding bead, so that the defects of air holes and the like formed in an actual welding area are avoided.
5) The mixed gas of 98% argon and 2% oxygen is selected.
6) The welding current is 200A, the voltage is 21V, the welding speed is 260mm/min, the swing angle range is 30-70 degrees, and the sidewall retention time is 0.2 s.
7) The interlayer temperature during the soldering process was 180 ℃.
8) In the welding process, the welding arc is observed, and the arc swinging parameters are manually adjusted, so that the welding quality of a welding joint is ensured, and the welding defects such as incomplete fusion, undercut and the like are avoided.
9) And during the last four welding processes, an external gas protection cover is required to be added for welding so as to ensure that no welding defects such as air holes and the like are generated.
10) And after welding is finished, the arc striking device can be removed by using a carbon arc gas explosion mode.
11) The welding joint has good quality and no welding defects, the mechanical property inspection meets the national standard requirements, and the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is ensured.
Example 3:
the embodiment is applied to welding of Q690 carbon steel with a thickness of 120mm and 308 stainless steel with a thickness of 50mm, and the specific process is as follows:
1) a U-shaped groove is selected, the size of a bottom truncated edge is 1.5mm, the diameter of the bottom is 10mm, and the top gap is 15 mm.
2) A matched stainless steel 1.2mm ER309L solid-core gas-shielded welding wire is selected.
3) Before welding, a mechanical polishing mode is adopted to remove impurities such as rust, oil stain and water on the surface of the steel plate so as to ensure the welding quality.
4) After the groove assembly, arc striking plates with the same shape as the groove are required to be connected at the two positions of the starting point and the end point of the welding bead, so that the defects of air holes and the like in an actual welding area are avoided.
5) The mixed gas of 98% argon and 2% oxygen is selected.
6) The welding current is 260A, the voltage is 23V, the welding speed is 270mm/min, the swing angle range is 30-70 degrees, and the sidewall retention time is 0.3 s.
7) The interlayer temperature during the soldering process was 180 ℃.
8) In the welding process, the welding arc is observed, and the arc swinging parameters are manually adjusted, so that the welding quality of a welding joint is ensured, and the welding defects such as incomplete fusion, undercut and the like are avoided.
9) And during the last four welding processes, an external gas protection cover is required to be added for welding so as to ensure that no welding defects such as air holes and the like are generated.
10) And after welding is finished, the arc striking device can be removed by using a carbon arc gas explosion mode.
11) The welded joint has good quality and no welding defect, the mechanical property inspection meets the national standard requirement, and the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is ensured.
Example 4:
the embodiment is applied to welding of Q460 carbon steel with the thickness of 155mm and 316 stainless steel with the thickness of 155mm, and the specific process is as follows:
1) as shown in figure 3, a double-sided U-shaped groove is adopted, the size of the bottom truncated edge is 2mm, the diameter of the bottom is 12mm, and the top gap is 18 mm.
2) A matching stainless steel 1.2mm er309L solid core gas shielded welding wire was selected.
3) Before welding, a mechanical polishing mode is adopted to remove impurities such as rust, oil stain, water and the like on the surface of the steel plate so as to ensure the welding quality.
4) After the groove is formed, arc striking plates with the same shape as the groove are connected at the two positions of the starting point and the end point of the welding bead, so that the defects of air holes and the like formed in an actual welding area are avoided.
5) The mixed gas of 98% argon and 2% oxygen is selected.
6) The welding current is 215A, the voltage is 24V, the welding speed is 300mm/min, the swing angle range is 30-65 degrees, and the sidewall retention time is 0.3 s.
7) The interlayer temperature during the soldering process was 150 ℃.
8) In the welding process, the welding arc is observed, and the arc swinging parameters are manually adjusted, so that the welding quality of a welding joint is ensured, and the welding defects such as incomplete fusion, undercut and the like are avoided.
9) During double-sided welding, the welding needs to be turned over for 2 times, so that cracks at welding seams caused by stress concentration are avoided.
10) During the last 6 welding processes, namely 3 welding processes are left on two surfaces respectively, an external gas protection cover needs to be added for welding so as to ensure that no welding defects such as air holes and the like are generated.
11) And after welding is finished, the arc striking device can be removed by using a carbon arc gas explosion mode.
12) The welding joint has good quality and no welding defects, the mechanical property inspection meets the national standard requirements, and the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is ensured.
The invention belongs to the field of welding process application, mainly aims at a high-efficiency welding method for welding stainless steel and carbon steel heterogeneous steel, and particularly provides a high-efficiency welding process for two different steel types of stainless steel and carbon steel based on the field of narrow-gap gas shield welding.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered as the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A stainless steel and carbon steel narrow gap gas shield welding process is characterized by being suitable for connection between stainless steel with the thickness of 30-200 mm and carbon steel with the thickness of 30-200 mm, and specifically comprising the following steps:
1) when stainless steel and carbon steel are welded, selecting an I-shaped groove or a U-shaped groove if the thickness of any one of the two steel plates is less than 100mm, and selecting a double-sided U-shaped groove when the thicknesses of the two steel plates are 100-200 mm;
2) selecting a stainless steel solid core or flux-cored gas-shielded welding wire matched with the stainless steel grade according to the grade of the stainless steel, wherein the diameter of the stainless steel solid core or flux-cored gas-shielded welding wire is 0.8-1.6 mm;
3) removing impurities on the surface of the steel plate before welding;
4) carrying out welding assembly, and if an I-shaped groove is selected, enabling the bottom clearance to be 9-12 mm, enabling the groove angle to be 3-5 degrees, and enabling the bottom clearance to use a homogeneous steel plate with a corresponding size or select a ceramic liner;
if a U-shaped groove is selected, combining the bottoms together, wherein the truncated edge of the bottom is 1-2 mm, the diameter of the bottom is 9-12 mm, and the gap of the top is 14-25 mm;
If a double-sided U-shaped groove is selected, combining the bottoms together, wherein the size of the bottom truncated edge is 1-3 mm, the diameter of the bottom is 9-12 mm, and the top gap is 14-20 mm;
5) after the groove assembly, arc striking plates with the same shape as the groove are connected at the starting position and the ending position of the welding bead;
6) the energy of a backing welding line is not more than 20KJ, the energy of a filling line is not more than 30KJ, the welding current range is 100-350A, the voltage is 18-30V, the welding speed is 200-350 mm/min, the swing angle range is 0-180 degrees, and the side wall retention time is 0-0.8 s;
7) controlling the interlayer temperature in the welding process to be not more than 200 ℃;
8) during double-sided welding, performing turn-over welding for 1-4 times;
9) no matter what type of groove is adopted, an external gas protection cover is needed to be added for welding when the last three or four welding passes are carried out;
10) and removing the arc striking device and the back plate after welding.
2. The narrow gap gas shielded welding process of stainless steel and carbon steel according to claim 1, wherein the shielding gas is selected from the group consisting of high purity argon, a mixture of 98% argon and 2% oxygen, and a mixture of 98% argon and 2% carbon dioxide.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115502517A (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2022-12-23 | 河钢股份有限公司 | Non-preheating welding method for low-carbon equivalent Q690-grade quenched and tempered steel |
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| CN101564790A (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2009-10-28 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Gas protection welding process for offshore steel structure |
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