CN114769881A - laser-CMT (laser-chemical mechanical welding) composite welding method and system for ultrahigh-strength steel sheet - Google Patents
laser-CMT (laser-chemical mechanical welding) composite welding method and system for ultrahigh-strength steel sheet Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Abstract
The invention provides a laser-CMT composite welding method and a system for an ultra-high strength steel sheet, which comprises the following steps: processing an annealed D406A ultrahigh-strength steel sample into an I-shaped groove; polishing the surface of the welding test piece, removing an oxide film on the surface, and removing oil stains on the surface of a welding position on the side of the groove; assembling a welding sample, and determining the relative position of a laser head and a welding gun; determining a laser-CMT composite welding process and welding parameters and welding the welding sample; when welding a welding sample, sequentially arranging an electric arc or a laser on a heat source; when the electric arc is in the front position, adjusting the welding specification and the distance between the light wires to meet the preset requirements, and performing primary welding forming under the protection of pure argon by adopting defocusing laser-CMT composite welding meeting the preset requirements; when the laser is preposed, adjusting the welding specification to meet the preset requirement, and performing pure argon and defocusing laser-CMT composite filling welding meeting the preset requirement; and adjusting the defocusing amount to meet the preset requirement, and carrying out pure laser remelting modification welding on the surface of the welding seam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of welding with high added value and high quality requirements, in particular to a laser-CMT (constant current technology) composite welding method and a laser-CMT composite welding system for an ultrahigh-strength steel sheet.
Background
The aerospace ultrahigh-strength steel has ultrahigh strength and good ductility and toughness, so the aerospace ultrahigh-strength steel is mainly used in the fields of solid rocket engine housings, aircraft landing gears and the like for bearing large loads. And welding is an essential method for forming the structural member. At present, a GTAW welding method is mainly adopted for welding the shell of the rocket engine, but as a GTAW welding heat source is a surface heat source, the penetration force is weak, so that the plate needs to be beveled before welding, and the early preparation time of welding is increased; in addition, the welding efficiency of GTAW is low, and the requirement of mass production cannot be met. In recent years, research institutions have used welding methods with high penetration rate such as laser welding to weld ultra-high strength steel, but the welding method has high requirements for assembly accuracy of materials and poor gap adaptability. The MIG/MAG consumable electrode arc welding has the function of wire filling, so that the gap adaptability can be obviously improved, but the heat input quantity is increased, the deformation degree of the welded material is large, and the MIG/MAG consumable electrode arc welding is not suitable for welding thin plates.
CMT is a cold metal transition technique that achieves stable short circuit transition by digitally controlling the feeding and withdrawing of the welding wire to control the heat input during the welding process. The method is particularly suitable for welding thin plates because of small welding deformation, small heat input and small splashing. However, due to the small heat input, the pure CMT welding is easy to have the characteristics of no spread of a molten pool, excessive post-welding residual height and the like.
The laser-arc hybrid welding has the advantages of good assembly gap adaptability, strong welding stability, small welding deformation and the like, and simultaneously, in order to ensure that the surface of a welded component is clean and has no splash, the joint quality is excellent, and a low-splash and low-heat-input CMT welding mode is selected. By combining the two, the problems of the adaptability of the welding gap, the spreading failure of the molten pool, the low welding efficiency and the welding deformation can be improved.
The type of the protective gas has certain influence on the weld quality, the oxidizing element O/H in the weld is reduced when the inert gas pure argon is used for welding, and low-melting-point substances do not exist on the surface of the welded weld, so that the method is favorable for improving the performance after welding. Typically, during actual production welding, in order to facilitate seam tracking, it is often desirable for the laser to be ahead and the arc to be behind in order to coordinate accessibility of the weld gun and seam tracking sensors. However, when the laser is used in the front, in the process of laser-CMT composite welding of ultrahigh-strength steel under the protection of pure argon, the surface tension of molten pool metal is larger due to the lack of active gas, the wettability is poorer, the spreadability of the molten pool is poorer, the formation of the surface of a welding seam is poor, the formation of the edge of the welding seam is irregular, and the like, and small pores in the welding seam are generated. In aerospace products, however, the environment to which the components are subjected is complex, and therefore, the problems of stress concentration, pores and the like caused by irregular forming of the front surface of the welding seam are not allowed. The method solves the problems of surface forming and air holes of the laser-CMT composite welding ultrahigh-strength steel under the pure argon shielding gas, is beneficial to improving the welding efficiency and the welding quality, and meets the production requirement of high efficiency and high quality.
Patent document CN110142512A (application number: 201910587607.7) discloses a laser-MIG electric arc hybrid welding method for a low-alloy high-strength steel sheet, which can realize a single pass through welded steel sheet without beveling, and uses a fiber laser and a MIG welding machine, uses argon as laser welding shielding gas to realize laser-MIG electric arc hybrid welding, and sets certain laser power, filament spacing, defocusing amount, welding speed, welding current and voltage to realize one-step through welding and double-side forming without beveling for a steel sheet with a thickness of 6-10 mm. Although the patent discloses a laser-MIG electric arc hybrid welding method of low-alloy high-strength steel under pure argon, the MIG welding has larger heat input than the CMT welding, serious deformation after welding, poorer stability in the MIG welding process, easy generation of splashing, easy damage to base metal, poorer weld forming, and incapability of meeting the welding requirements of aerospace construction for aerospace components which need as small heat input as possible, small heat deformation, no damage to the base metal and high weld forming requirements due to the laser-MIG electric arc hybrid welding method.
At present, the interaction between laser and CMT arc is mainly studied in the patent and literature of laser-CMT welding, and almost no literature reports are found in the weld forming and internal quality control of ultrahigh-strength steel under the protection of inert gas. Aiming at the problem of weld forming of ultrahigh-strength steel under the condition of pure argon protection, the invention provides the following laser-CMT composite welding method to solve the problem of weld forming, improve welding efficiency and improve welding quality.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a laser-CMT composite welding method and a system for an ultra-high strength steel sheet.
The laser-CMT composite welding method for the ultrahigh-strength steel sheet provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step S1: processing an annealed D406A ultrahigh-strength steel sample into an I-shaped groove;
step S2: polishing the surface of a welding test piece, removing an oxide film on the surface, and removing oil stains on the surface of a welding position on the groove side;
step S3: assembling a welding sample, and determining the relative position of a laser head and a welding gun;
step S4: determining a laser-CMT composite welding process and welding parameters and welding a welding sample;
when welding a welding sample, sequentially arranging an electric arc or a laser on a heat source;
when the arc is in the front position, adjusting the welding specification and the distance between the light wires to meet the preset requirements, and performing primary welding forming under the protection of pure argon by adopting defocused laser-CMT composite welding meeting the preset requirements;
when the laser is preposed, adjusting the welding specification to meet the preset requirement, and performing pure argon and defocusing laser-CMT composite filling welding meeting the preset requirement; and adjusting the defocusing amount to meet the preset requirement, and carrying out pure laser remelting modification welding on the surface of the welding seam.
Preferably, the step S2 adopts: the surface of a sample is polished by using a flower-shaped impeller, then a groove is polished by using a steel wire brush, an oxidation film on the side of the joint is cleaned, and then materials on the side of the joint are wiped by using alcohol or acetone, so that no oil stain is ensured.
Preferably, the step S3 adopts: fixing the laser head and a CMT welding gun, adjusting the distance between an XYZ axis and laser and the tilting angle of the welding gun, and ensuring that the axis of the laser beam is aligned with the axis of the extending welding wire; and adjusting the distance between the laser spot and the tail end of the welding wire, adjusting the tilting angle between the laser and the welding gun and adjusting the height between the tail end of the welding wire and the material to be welded to meet the preset requirement.
Preferably, a welding wire of H10 is used, and the diameter of the welding wire is a preset value; the selected laser is YLS-6000-S2T; welded using a Fonnes TPS-5000CMT welder and equipped with a VR1500 series wire feeder.
Preferably, the step S4 adopts: when laser-CMT composite welding is carried out, the laser power is 2800-3500 w; the wire feeding speed is 0.8-1.5 m/min; the welding speed is 1.0-1.5 m/min; the flow of protective gas is 15-20L/min; the type of the protective gas is Ar gas with the purity of 99.99 percent; the defocusing amount d is 0 to +1 mm; the distance l between the laser and the tail end of the welding wire is 1-3 mm.
Preferably, the laser walking speed is 0.8-1.5 m/min during laser modification; the laser power is 2800-3500 w; the protective gas flow is 10-20L/min; on the other hand, the defocus amount d is +40 to +50mm so that the laser spot can cover the entire width of the weld.
Preferably, after welding is completed, post-weld inspection is performed;
and observing the surface forming of the sample, wherein if the residual height of the welding line does not exceed a preset value, irregular sawtooth-shaped undercuts are not formed near the position of the fusion line, and the transition is smooth, the welding line is more attractive.
The invention provides a laser-CMT (constant current welding) composite welding system for an ultrahigh-strength steel sheet, which comprises:
module M1: processing an annealed D406A ultrahigh-strength steel sample into an I-shaped groove;
module M2: polishing the surface of the welding test piece, removing an oxide film on the surface, and removing oil stains on the surface of a welding position on the side of the groove;
module M3: assembling a welding sample, and determining the relative position of a laser head and a welding gun;
module M4: determining a laser-CMT composite welding process and welding parameters and welding a welding sample;
when welding a welding sample, sequentially arranging an electric arc or a laser in a heat source;
when the arc is in the front position, adjusting the welding specification and the distance between the light wires to meet the preset requirements, and performing primary welding forming under the protection of pure argon by adopting defocused laser-CMT composite welding meeting the preset requirements;
when the laser is preposed, adjusting the welding specification to meet the preset requirement, and performing pure argon and defocusing laser-CMT composite filling welding meeting the preset requirement; and adjusting the defocusing amount to meet the preset requirement, and performing pure laser remelting modification welding on the surface of the welding seam.
Preferably, the module M4 employs: when laser-CMT composite welding is carried out, the laser power is 2800-3500 w; the wire feeding speed is 0.8-1.5 m/min; the welding speed is 1.0-1.5 m/min; the flow of the protective gas is 15-20L/min; the type of the protective gas is Ar gas with the purity of 99.99 percent; the defocusing amount d is 0 to +1 mm; the distance l between the laser and the tail end of the welding wire is 1-3 mm.
Preferably, the laser walking speed is 0.8-1.5 m/min during laser modification; the laser power is 2800-3500 w; the protective gas flow is 10-20L/min; on the other hand, the defocus amount d is from +40 to +50mm so that the laser spot can cover the entire width of the weld.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a welding method aiming at poor forming quality of the surface of a welding seam of aerospace ultrahigh-strength steel laser-CMT composite welding under the protection of pure argon;
2. the invention provides two welding methods: when the electric arc is in front, adjusting proper welding specifications and light wire spacing, adopting laser-CMT composite welding, and carrying out one-time welding forming under the protection of pure argon; when the laser is in the front, the laser is formed by two times of welding, firstly, the laser-CMT composite filling welding under pure argon and 0 defocusing is carried out under a larger welding standard, then the defocusing amount is adjusted, and pure laser remelting modification welding is carried out on the surface of a welding seam by adopting larger defocusing and smaller laser power. The two methods realize pore-free and attractive weld surface forming, meet the welding quality requirement, and greatly improve the production efficiency due to higher welding speed;
3. when the electric arc guide laser composite welding is carried out, the electric arc is formed firstly, the subsequent laser has a stirring effect on a molten pool formed by the electric arc, the escape of air holes can be accelerated, the wetting effect of the edge of a welding seam is improved, the stability of a CMT electric arc is improved, and the nonuniformity of welding seam components is improved;
4. when the electric arc is guided by laser, the effective width of the welding seam can be obviously enlarged by laser modification, so that the welding seam is fully formed and the side of the fusion line is smoothly transited, and the tendency of stress concentration of the welding joint is eliminated. The welding method can be widely applied to welding in the field with high added value, such as high-strength steel or ultrahigh-strength steel.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of arc-guided laser hybrid welding.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of laser guided arc hybrid welding.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of weld seam modification.
FIG. 4 weld front shaping for arc-guided laser hybrid welding.
FIG. 5 arc-guided laser hybrid welding weld back side shaping.
FIG. 6 shows the X-ray inspection results of the arc-guided laser hybrid welding.
FIG. 7 is weld front shaping for laser guided arc hybrid welding.
FIG. 8 laser modified weld front shaping.
FIG. 9 laser guided arc hybrid weld seam reverse side shaping.
FIG. 10 is a view showing the results of X-ray inspection of a weld by laser-guided arc hybrid welding.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The invention aims to provide a laser-CMT (hybrid welding) method for welding an ultrahigh-strength steel sheet aiming at the defects and defects in the prior art, which overcomes the defects of poor surface forming and the like of the laser-CMT hybrid welding of the ultrahigh-strength steel sheet under the protection of pure argon in the prior art, and effectively improves the production efficiency and the internal welding quality.
In order to realize the welding joint with good surface forming and no air holes, the invention solves the problems of poor welding front forming and air holes of the thin plate ultrahigh-strength steel by using the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a laser-CMT composite welding method for an ultra-high strength steel sheet, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: processing an annealed D406A ultrahigh-strength steel sample of 2.8mm into an I-shaped groove;
step 2: polishing the surface of a welding test piece, and cleaning the welding test piece by using alcohol/acetone;
and step 3: assembling a welding sample, and determining the relative position of a laser head and a welding gun;
and 4, step 4: and determining a laser-CMT composite welding process and welding parameters and welding the welding sample.
The step 1 is mainly to cut D406A ultra-high strength steel (C: 0.28-0.33%, Si: 1.4-1.7%, Mn: 0.7-1.0%, Cr: 1.0-1.3%, Mo: 0.4-0.55%, Ni: 0.25%, P ≦ 0.015%, S ≦ 0.01%) into samples with the size of 150mm × 80mm × 2.8mm, and then process I-shaped grooves by using a milling machine;
and 3, assembling the sample on a clamp, and controlling the joint gap to be 0-0.2 mm. Selecting a clean and tidy H10 welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, fixing the position of a welding gun, and determining the relative positions of a laser 1, a CMT welding gun 2, a welding wire 3 and a base metal 4 as shown in the attached drawing 1;
and 4, performing laser-CMT composite welding on the assembled test plate according to the following process and specifications. The two heat sources of the laser and the CMT arc can be divided into a CMT arc preposition or a laser preposition according to the sequence of the laser and the CMT arc, and the schematic diagrams are respectively shown in figures 1 and 2. When the electric arc is arranged in front, the proper welding specification and the light wire spacing are adjusted, laser-CMT composite welding is adopted, and the welding forming is carried out for one time under the protection of pure argon. The laser power is preferably 2800-3500 w; the wire feeding speed is preferably 0.8-1.5 m/min; the welding speed is preferably 1.0-1.5 m/min; the protective gas flow is preferably 15-20L/min; the protective gas is Ar gas with the purity of 99.99 percent; the defocusing amount d is preferably 0 to +1 mm; the distance l between the laser and the tail end of the welding wire is preferably 1-3 mm. When laser is preposed, welding forming is carried out for two times, firstly, welding parameters are adjusted, and under a larger welding specification, laser-CMT composite filling welding under pure argon is carried out, wherein the specific parameters are that the laser power is preferably 2800-3500 w, the wire feeding speed is preferably 0.8-1.5 m/min, the welding speed is preferably 1.0-1.5 m/min, the shielding gas flow is preferably 15-20L/min, the shielding gas is Ar gas with the purity of 99.99%, the defocusing amount d is preferably 0-1 mm, and the distance L between the laser and the tail end of a welding wire is preferably 1-3 mm; and then adjusting the defocusing amount, and performing pure laser remelting modification welding on the surface of the weld joint by adopting larger defocusing and smaller laser power. Original filling weld metal is remelted by laser to eliminate the defect of uneven forming on the surface of the weld, and the CMT does not participate in welding and only provides protective gas. Wherein in the laser modification process, the laser walking speed is preferably 0.8-1.5 m/min; the laser power is preferably 2800-3500 w; the protective gas flow is preferably 10-20L/min; on the other hand, the defocus amount d is preferably +40 to +50mm in order to allow the laser spot to cover the entire width of the weld.
The invention provides a laser-CMT (constant current welding) composite welding system for an ultrahigh-strength steel sheet, which comprises:
module M1: processing an annealed D406A ultrahigh-strength steel sample into an I-shaped groove;
module M2: polishing the surface of a welding test piece, removing an oxide film on the surface, and removing oil stains on the surface of a welding position on the groove side;
module M3: assembling a welding sample, and determining the relative position of a laser head and a welding gun;
module M4: determining a laser-CMT composite welding process and welding parameters and welding a welding sample;
when welding a welding sample, sequentially arranging an electric arc or a laser in a heat source;
when the arc is in the front position, adjusting the welding specification and the distance between the light wires to meet the preset requirements, and performing primary welding forming under the protection of pure argon by adopting defocused laser-CMT composite welding meeting the preset requirements;
when the laser is preposed, adjusting the welding specification to meet the preset requirement, and performing pure argon and defocusing laser-CMT composite filling welding meeting the preset requirement; and adjusting the defocusing amount to meet the preset requirement, and carrying out pure laser remelting modification welding on the surface of the welding seam.
Specifically, the module M4 employs: when laser-CMT composite welding is carried out, the laser power is 2800-3500 w; the wire feeding speed is 0.8-1.5 m/min; the welding speed is 1.0-1.5 m/min; the flow of the protective gas is 15-20L/min; the type of the protective gas is Ar gas with the purity of 99.99 percent; the defocusing amount d is 0 to +1 mm; the distance between the laser and the tail end of the welding wire is 1-3 mm.
Specifically, the laser traveling speed is 0.8-1.5 m/min during laser modification; the laser power is 2800-3500 w; the protective gas flow is 10-20L/min; on the other hand, the defocus amount d is from +40 to +50mm so that the laser spot can cover the entire width of the weld.
Example 2
Example 2 is a preferred example of example 1
As shown in fig. 1, 4 and 5, the present application discloses a laser-CMT hybrid welding method for an aerospace ultra-high strength steel sheet, which adopts arc-first laser-CMT hybrid welding to perform one-step forming, specifically comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: processing D406A ultrahigh-strength steel into a sample with the length of 150mm, the width of 80mm and the thickness of 2.8mm, and then processing a joint to be welded into an I-shaped groove, wherein the joint is in a butt joint mode;
step two: polishing a welding test piece, and cleaning the welding test piece by using alcohol/acetone;
step three: assembly and welding path programming;
assembling a cleaned sample of a to-be-welded joint, controlling a joint gap to be 0-0.2 mm, selecting a clean and tidy H10 welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, fixing the position of a welding gun, and determining the relative positions of a laser 1, a CMT welding gun 2, a welding wire 3 and a base metal 4, as shown in figure 1;
step four: laser-CMT hybrid welding
The welding method is set as follows: arc forward, laser aft laser-CMT hybrid weld, as shown in fig. 1. The welding process parameters are as follows: the welding method comprises the following steps of enabling the laser power to be 3200-3500 w, enabling the welding speed to be 1.0-1.5 m/min, enabling the wire feeding speed to be 0.8-1.5 m/min, enabling the distance L between a laser spot and the tail end of a welding wire to be 2-3 mm, enabling the defocusing amount d to be 0-1 mm, using 99.99% pure Ar as protective gas, enabling the gas flow to be 15-20L/min, correcting the arc length to be 0-5%, enabling the included angle alpha between the axis of a CMT welding gun and the base metal to be 43-48 degrees, enabling the included angle beta between the axis of the laser and the base metal to be 85-90 degrees, and enabling the dry elongation of the welding wire to be 13-15 mm.
And observing the front and back forming after welding and determining the internal air hole condition by using X-ray flaw detection. The integral forming of the welding line is uniform, the surplus height of the front side and the back side is normal, and the irregular sawtooth-shaped forming is not found at the position of the fusion line, as shown in figure 4, because the rear laser has the functions of stirring and enlarging a molten pool formed by electric arcs, the wetting effect of metal at the edge of the welding line is improved, and the mode is favorable for forming the welding line under the protection of pure argon. In addition, no defects such as air holes and the like are found on the X-ray negative, and as shown in figure 6, the quality requirement of the 0-grade welding seam of the product is met.
Example 3
Example 3 is a preferred example of example 1
As shown in fig. 2, 3, 7, 8 and 9, this case discloses a laser-prior laser-CMT hybrid welding with laser modification forming. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: processing D406A ultrahigh-strength steel into a sample with the length of 150mm, the width of 80mm and the thickness of 2.8mm, and then processing a joint to be welded into an I-shaped groove, wherein the joint is in a butt joint mode;
step two: polishing the welding test piece, and cleaning with alcohol/acetone;
step three: assembly and welding path programming;
assembling the cleaned sample of the to-be-welded joint, controlling the joint gap to be 0-0.2 mm, selecting a clean and tidy H10 welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, fixing the position of the welding gun, and determining the relative positions of a laser 1, a CMT welding gun 2, a welding wire 3 and a base metal 4, as shown in the attached drawing 1;
step four: laser-CMT composite fill welding
In the front of the laser, filling welding is carried out by adopting a laser-CMT laser composite with a larger 0-defocusing standard, as shown in figure 2. The specific process parameters are as follows: the welding method comprises the following steps of enabling laser power to be 3000-3400 w, enabling welding speed to be 1.0-1.5 m/min, enabling wire feeding speed to be 0.8-1.5 m/min, enabling a distance L between a laser and the tail end of a welding wire to be 2-3 mm, enabling defocusing amount d to be 0-1 mm, enabling protective gas to be pure Ar with the concentration being more than 99.99%, enabling gas flow to be 15-20L/min, correcting arc length to be-10-5%, enabling an included angle alpha between the axis of a CMT welding gun and a base metal to be 43-48 degrees, enabling the included angle beta between the axis of the laser and the base metal to be 85-90 degrees, enabling dry elongation of the welding wire to be 13-15 mm, and enabling the appearance of the front face after welding to be as shown in the attached figure 7.
Step five: small-specification pure laser remelting modification welding
And D, defocusing the welded seam in the fourth step, and performing pure laser remelting modification welding with small specification, as shown in the attached drawing 3. The technological parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2800-3500 w, the welding speed is 1.0-1.5 m/min, the positive defocusing amount d is 40-50 mm, the flow of protective gas is 15-20L/min, the CMT welding gun only provides the protective gas but does not feed wires, and the appearance of the front surface after welding is as shown in the attached figure 8.
And observing the front and back forming after welding and determining the internal air hole condition by using X-ray flaw detection. The welding seam is extremely uneven under the protection of pure argon before modification, mainly because reactive gases such as oxygen are not contained in the protective gas, a stable conductive channel is not formed in the arc welding process, the anode spot always drifts and shows an irregular shape on the welding seam, and if the welding seam is not modified, stress concentration is easily generated in the use process, and the service life of a product is shortened. And the surface of the modified welding line has silvery white luster, the irregular sawtooth-shaped appearance on the side of the fusion line disappears, the welding line is fully formed, and the quality of the welding line is obviously improved. In addition, no welding defects such as air holes are found by X-ray flaw detection, and as shown in FIG. 10, the quality requirement of the grade-0 welding seam of the product is met.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A laser-CMT composite welding method for an ultra-high strength steel sheet is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: processing an annealed D406A ultrahigh-strength steel sample into an I-shaped groove;
step S2: polishing the surface of a welding test piece, removing an oxide film on the surface, and removing oil stains on the surface of a welding position on the groove side;
step S3: assembling a welding sample, and determining the relative position of a laser head and a welding gun;
step S4: determining a laser-CMT composite welding process and welding parameters and welding the welding sample;
when welding a welding sample, sequentially arranging an electric arc or a laser in a heat source;
when the arc is in the front position, adjusting the welding specification and the distance between the light wires to meet the preset requirements, and performing primary welding forming under the protection of pure argon by adopting defocused laser-CMT composite welding meeting the preset requirements;
when the laser is preposed, adjusting the welding specification to meet the preset requirement, and performing pure argon and defocusing laser-CMT composite filling welding meeting the preset requirement; and adjusting the defocusing amount to meet the preset requirement, and carrying out pure laser remelting modification welding on the surface of the welding seam.
2. The laser-CMT hybrid welding method for an ultra-high strength steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 employs: the surface of a sample is polished by using a flower-shaped impeller, then a groove is polished by using a steel wire brush, an oxidation film on the side of the joint is cleaned, and then materials on the side of the joint are wiped by using alcohol or acetone, so that no oil stain is ensured.
3. The laser-CMT hybrid welding method for ultra-high strength steel thin plates according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 employs: fixing the laser head and a CMT welding gun, adjusting the distance between an XYZ axis and laser and the tilting angle of the welding gun, and ensuring that the axis of the laser beam is aligned with the axis of the extending welding wire; the distance between the laser spot and the tail end of the welding wire is adjusted, the tilting angle between the laser and the welding gun is adjusted, and the height between the tail end of the welding wire and the material to be welded meets the preset requirement.
4. The laser-CMT hybrid welding method for ultra-high strength steel sheets as claimed in claim 1, wherein a welding wire of H10 is used, the diameter of the welding wire being a preset value; the selected laser is YLS-6000-S2T; a Fonny TPS-5000CMT welder was used for welding and equipped with a VR1500 series wire feeder.
5. The laser-CMT hybrid welding method for ultra-high strength steel thin plates according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 employs: when laser-CMT composite welding is carried out, the laser power is 2800-3500 w; the wire feeding speed is 0.8-1.5 m/min; the welding speed is 1.0-1.5 m/min; the flow of the protective gas is 15-20L/min; the type of the protective gas is Ar gas with the purity of 99.99 percent; the defocusing amount d is 0 to +1 mm; the distance l between the laser and the tail end of the welding wire is 1-3 mm.
6. The laser-CMT hybrid welding method for the ultra-high strength steel sheet according to claim 5, wherein the laser traveling speed is 0.8 to 1.5m/min during laser modification; the laser power is 2800-3500 w; the protective gas flow is 10-20L/min; on the other hand, the defocus amount d is +40 to +50mm so that the laser spot can cover the entire width of the weld.
7. The laser-CMT hybrid welding method for an ultra-high strength steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein after completion of welding, a post-weld inspection is performed;
and observing the surface forming of the sample, and if the weld reinforcement does not exceed the preset value, and the position near the fusion line has no irregular sawtooth undercut and smooth transition, the weld is more attractive.
8. A laser-CMT hybrid welding system for ultra-high strength steel sheets, comprising:
module M1: processing an annealed D406A ultrahigh-strength steel sample into an I-shaped groove;
module M2: polishing the surface of the welding test piece, removing an oxide film on the surface, and removing oil stains on the surface of a welding position on the side of the groove;
module M3: assembling a welding sample, and determining the relative position of a laser head and a welding gun;
module M4: determining a laser-CMT composite welding process and welding parameters and welding the welding sample;
when welding a welding sample, sequentially arranging an electric arc or a laser in a heat source;
when the arc is in the front position, adjusting the welding specification and the distance between the light wires to meet the preset requirements, and performing primary welding forming under the protection of pure argon by adopting defocused laser-CMT composite welding meeting the preset requirements;
when the laser is preposed, adjusting the welding specification to meet the preset requirement, and performing pure argon and defocusing laser-CMT composite filling welding meeting the preset requirement; and adjusting the defocusing amount to meet the preset requirement, and carrying out pure laser remelting modification welding on the surface of the welding seam.
9. The system for laser-CMT hybrid welding of ultra high strength steel sheet as claimed in claim 8, wherein the module M4 employs: when laser-CMT composite welding is carried out, the laser power is 2800-3500 w; the wire feeding speed is 0.8-1.5 m/min; the welding speed is 1.0-1.5 m/min; the flow of the protective gas is 15-20L/min; the type of the protective gas is Ar gas with the purity of 99.99 percent; the defocusing amount d is 0 to +1 mm; the distance l between the laser and the tail end of the welding wire is 1-3 mm.
10. The laser-CMT hybrid welding system for ultra-high strength steel sheets according to claim 9, wherein the laser walking speed is 0.8 to 1.5m/min during laser modification; the laser power is 2800-3500 w; the protective gas flow is 10-20L/min; on the other hand, the defocus amount d is from +40 to +50mm so that the laser spot can cover the entire width of the weld.
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