CN110405344A - The gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG - Google Patents

The gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110405344A
CN110405344A CN201810391865.3A CN201810391865A CN110405344A CN 110405344 A CN110405344 A CN 110405344A CN 201810391865 A CN201810391865 A CN 201810391865A CN 110405344 A CN110405344 A CN 110405344A
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China
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welding
laser
electric arc
mig
strength steel
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CN201810391865.3A
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Inventor
刘微
张培磊
顾勇
顾思远
于治水
郑海钧
刘政君
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Shanghai Huizhong Automotive Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Shanghai Huizhong Automotive Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201810391865.3A priority Critical patent/CN110405344A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/346Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
    • B23K26/348Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/60Preliminary treatment

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of gas hole defect suppressing methods of electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG comprising following steps: step S1, selection welding method and material, welding method uses hybrid Laser-Arc Welding;Step S2, carry out welding preparation, polish base material surface, and remove surface film oxide;Step S3, carry out hybrid Laser-Arc Welding;Step S4, carry out postwelding inspection, section of weld joint is observed.Present invention reduces the porositys of weld seam, to ensure that the forming and quality of weld seam.By changing welding direction and protection air-flow amount, the growth of laser plasma and the eruption of metallic vapour restrained effectively, so that droplet transfer and keyhole form stable make welding efficiency and quality have been further upgraded to reduce the porosity.

Description

The gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG
Technical field
The present invention relates to laserHybrid welding field, in particular to a kind of stomata of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG Defect suppressing method.
Background technique
HR420LA is a kind of thermoforming Hi-Stren steel, can be used for the occasions such as auto parts and components, chassis.It is changed It studies and is divided into: C :≤0.10%, Si :≤0.5%, Mn :≤1.60%, P :≤0.025%, S :≤0.025%, Ait: >= 0.015%, Nb :≤0.09%, Tia :≤0.15%, yield strength is more than or equal to 420MPa.Currently, how in the welding process The generation for inhibiting gas hole defect, is one of electric arc combined weldering urgent problem to be solved of high-strength steel laser.
Traditional arc welding is highly developed in technique, and equipment investment is small, and state modulator is simple.But with The development of modern industry, arc welding deformation is big, low efficiency, technology stability is poor, the degree of automation is low, waste of material is serious Disadvantage just gradually displays, these shortcomings constrain it and are more widely applied in Modern Manufacturing Industry.Laser Welding Connecing is a kind of new welding technology to grow up the middle and later periods in last century, it is using the laser of high-energy density as heat source, to gold Category is melted and forms welding.Compared with traditional welding method, Laser Welding is because its fusion penetration is big, speed is fast, post welding distortion phase Many industrial circles are widely used in the welding of smaller and suitable welding-resistant metal.But laser welding is in part industrial application It is upper to be difficult to the shortcomings that overcoming there are still some, such as clamping precision requires height, stomata, undercut etc. easily occurs when welding slab Welding defect, highly reflective material welding difficulty etc..In this context, the concept of hybrid Laser-Arc Welding is suggested.Through trying Bright, the advantages of which can be fully integrated laser welding and arc welding is verified, has that welding penetration is big, technology stability The advantages that height, welding efficiency are high, welding gap bridging capability is strong, is more suitable for the growth requirement of modern welding industry
During the hybrid Laser-Arc Welding of high-strength steel, matching between each parameter it is improper can flowing to molten bath, Stability, laser and degree of coupling of electric arc of keyhole etc. have an impact, so as to cause the life of stomata
The technology of hybrid Laser-Arc Welding high-strength steel has very big performance space in the manufacturing industry such as automobile.It is assembled The feature that required precision is low, fusion penetration is big is that conventional arc weldering and laser welding are not achieved.It solves to go out during composite welding Existing stomata problem, is conducive to the raising of weldquality, is able to satisfy the demand of enterprise.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to occur during hybrid Laser-Arc Welding in the prior art to overcome The defect of stomata provides a kind of gas hole defect suppressing method of electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG.
The present invention is to solve above-mentioned technical problem by following technical proposals:
A kind of gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG, it is characterized in that, the stomata Defect suppressing method the following steps are included:
Step S1, selection welding method and material, welding method uses hybrid Laser-Arc Welding;
Step S2, carry out welding preparation, polish base material surface, and remove surface film oxide;
Step S3, carry out hybrid Laser-Arc Welding;
Step S4, carry out postwelding inspection, section of weld joint is observed.
An invention according to the present invention, the step S1Middle welding material is selected as HR420LA high-strength steel, having a size of 300mm×150mm×3mm。
An invention according to the present invention, the step S1Middle welding point is docking, and the diameter of welding wire is 1.2mm's JM-56 copper facing low-alloy steel gas protecting welding wire.
An invention according to the present invention, the chemical component of the welding wire press the percentage of quality are as follows: C 0.06%- 0.15%, Mn 1.4%-1.85%, Si 0.8%-1.15%, S≤0.035%, P≤0.025%, Cu≤0.5%.
An invention according to the present invention, the step S2It include: respectively to be beaten base material surface with the sand paper of different thicknesses Mill, it is then with ethyl alcohol that surface wipes are clean, remove surface film oxide;
Gap is adjusted by clearance gauge, compression after the clearance gauge is placed between two plates, to guarantee gap uniformity.
An invention according to the present invention, the step S2Further include: laser head and welding gun are rigidly fixed using fixture, And X, Y, Z axis and rotating mechanism by adjusting the fixture, realize the adjusting of spacing between welding wire endpoint and laser action point, The adjusting of the relative altitude of the centering of the welding gun and laser beam axis and the welding wire tip and workpiece surface.
An invention according to the present invention, the step S2Middle hot optical fiber spacing is 3~5mm, and stem elongation is 10~15mm.
An invention according to the present invention, the step S3Middle wire feed rate is 2~4m/min;Throughput is 5~25L/ min;Speed of welding is 0.5~1.5m/min;Laser power is 1.5~3kw.
An invention according to the present invention, defocusing amount are -1~+2mm;Angle of welding gun is 40 °~60 °;Heat source position is sharp Light is preposition or electric arc is preposition.
An invention according to the present invention, the step S4It include: to cut weld seam along cross section, by the metallographic of standard Sample is made in preparation section, and size, quantity and the distribution situation of stomata are observed by super depth-of-field microscope.
The positive effect of the present invention is that:
The gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention by change welding direction and Protection air-flow amount restrained effectively the growth of laser plasma and the eruption of metallic vapour, ensure that keyhole and molten drop The stability of transition enables weld seam to inhibit the generation of gas hole defect.
Compared with prior art, present invention reduces the porositys of weld seam, to ensure that the forming and quality of weld seam.It is logical Change welding direction and protection air-flow amount are crossed, the growth of laser plasma and the eruption of metallic vapour is restrained effectively, makes Obtain droplet transfer and keyhole form stable makes welding efficiency and quality have been further upgraded to reduce the porosity.
Detailed description of the invention
The above and other feature of the present invention, property and advantage will pass through description with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples And become apparent, identical appended drawing reference always shows identical feature in the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is that laser pre-amplifier shows in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention It is intended to.
Fig. 2 a is laser pre-amplifier in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention, is protected Protect seam cross-section schematic diagram when throughput is 5L/min.
Fig. 2 b is laser pre-amplifier in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention, is protected Protect seam cross-section schematic diagram when throughput is 15L/min.
Fig. 2 c is laser pre-amplifier in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention, is protected Protect seam cross-section schematic diagram when throughput is 25L/min.
Fig. 3, which is that electric arc is preposition in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention, to be shown It is intended to.
Fig. 4 a is that electric arc is preposition in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention, is protected Protect seam cross-section schematic diagram when throughput is 5L/min.
Fig. 4 b is that electric arc is preposition in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention, is protected Protect seam cross-section schematic diagram when throughput is 15L/min.
Fig. 4 c is that electric arc is preposition in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention, is protected Protect seam cross-section schematic diagram when throughput is 25L/min.
Fig. 5 is the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention in different heat sources position When, the relation schematic diagram between the porosity and protection air-flow amount.
Specific embodiment
For the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be clearer and more comprehensible, below in conjunction with attached drawing to tool of the invention Body embodiment elaborates.
The embodiment of the present invention is described with detailed reference to attached drawing now.Now with detailed reference to preferred implementation of the invention Example, its example is shown in the drawings.In the case of any possible, phase will be indicated using identical label in all the appended drawings Same or similar part.
In addition, the present invention is said although term used in the present invention is selected from public term Some terms mentioned in bright book may be that applicant is judged to carry out selection as his or her, and detailed meanings are retouched this paper's Illustrate in the relevant portion stated.
Furthermore, it is desirable that not only by used actual terms, and be also to the meaning contained by each term To understand the present invention.
Fig. 1 is that laser pre-amplifier shows in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention It is intended to.Fig. 2 a is laser pre-amplifier in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention, protection Seam cross-section schematic diagram when throughput is 5L/min.Fig. 2 b is the gas of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention Laser pre-amplifier in hole defect suppressing method, seam cross-section schematic diagram when protection air-flow amount is 15L/min.Fig. 2 c is the present invention Laser pre-amplifier in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG, when protection air-flow amount is 25L/min Seam cross-section schematic diagram.Fig. 3 is in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention The preposition schematic diagram of electric arc.Fig. 4 a is electricity in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention Forearc is set, seam cross-section schematic diagram when protection air-flow amount is 5L/min.Fig. 4 b is high-strength steel laser-MIG electric arc of the present invention Electric arc is preposition in the gas hole defect suppressing method of composite welding, seam cross-section schematic diagram when protection air-flow amount is 15L/min. Fig. 4 c is that electric arc is preposition in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention, protection air-flow Seam cross-section schematic diagram when amount is 25L/min.Fig. 5 is that the stomata of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention lacks Fall into relation schematic diagram of the suppressing method at different heat sources position, between the porosity and protection air-flow amount.
As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the invention discloses a kind of suppressions of the gas hole defect of electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG Method processed comprising following steps:
Step S1, selection welding method and material, welding method uses hybrid Laser-Arc Welding.
Welding material is selected as HR420LA high-strength steel, having a size of 300mm × 150mm × 3mm.
Welding point form is preferably docked, and the diameter of welding wire is the JM-56 copper facing low-alloy steel gas shielded arc welding of 1.2mm Silk.
Wherein, the chemical component of the welding wire presses the percentage of quality are as follows: C 0.06%-0.15%, Mn 1.4%- 1.85%, Si 0.8%-1.15%, S≤0.035%, P≤0.025%, Cu≤0.5%.
The inhibition to gas hole defect can be realized by the arrangement and protection air-flow amount of change heat source position in this way.
Step S2, carry out welding preparation, polish base material surface, and remove surface film oxide.
Firstly, base material surface is polished with the sand paper of different thicknesses respectively, then with ethyl alcohol that surface wipes are clean, removal Surface film oxide;
Then, gap is adjusted by clearance gauge, compression after the clearance gauge is placed between two plates, to guarantee gap uniform one It causes.
Then, laser head and welding gun are rigidly fixed using fixture, and X, Y, Z axis and rotation by adjusting the fixture Rotation mechanism, the adjusting of spacing between realization welding wire endpoint and laser action point, the centering of the welding gun and laser beam axis, with And the adjusting of the relative altitude of the welding wire tip and workpiece surface.
Stationary fixture is preferably face contact type fixture herein, can be changed to avoid gap caused by welding process thermal deformation.
In addition, hot optical fiber spacing (horizontal distance of LASER SPECKLE and wire tip) is preferably 3~5mm, stem elongation (welding wire The distance of end to ignition tip end) it is preferably 10~15mm.
Step S3, carry out hybrid Laser-Arc Welding.
Wherein, wire feed rate is preferably 2~4m/min;Throughput is preferably 5~25L/min;Speed of welding is preferably 0.5 ~1.5m/min;Laser power is preferably 1.5~3kw.
Defocusing amount is preferably -1~+2mm;Angle of welding gun is preferably 40 °~60 °;Heat source position be preferably laser pre-amplifier or Electric arc is preposition.
Step S4, carry out postwelding inspection, section of weld joint is observed.
Postwelding observes section of weld joint, if without the obvious shortcomings such as undercut and splashing, then it represents that weld seam is more beautiful.
Specifically, weld seam can be cut along cross section, sample is made in the metallographic preparation section by standard, by super Size, quantity and the distribution situation of depth-of-field microscope observation stomata.
According to foregoing description, further concrete example is as follows:
Firstly, Selection experiment base material is HR420LA high-strength steel, having a size of 300mm*150mm*3mm.Welding wire select diameter for The JM-56 copper facing low-alloy steel gas protecting welding wire of 1.2mm, main chemical compositions press the percentage of quality are as follows: C 0.06- 0.15, Mn 1.4-1.85, Si 0.8-1.15, S≤0.035, P≤0.025, Cu≤0.5.
Before welding, is polished surface of steel plate with sand paper, and use alcohol washes.The purpose for the arrangement is that in order to remove oxide film dissolving etc. Impurity.
The gas hole defect suppressing method uses welding (MIG), and protective gas is straight argon (gas Purity >=99.99%), gas flow is preferably 5~25L/min.
Welding machine is unified operation, i.e., change wire feed rate, welding current can also change correspondingly.
Wire feed rate is set as 2~4m/min.Composite welding uses Nd:YAG laser, and laser power is 1.5~3kw, weldering Connecing speed is 0.5~1.5m/min, and defocusing amount is -1~+2mm.
Then, X, Y, Z axis and whirler for laser head and welding gun being rigidly fixed using fixture, and passing through alignment jig Structure, realizes the adjusting of welding wire endpoint and laser action point spacing, the centering of welding gun and laser beam axis and welding wire tip and The adjusting of the relative altitude of workpiece surface.Hot optical fiber spacing is set as 3~5mm, stem elongation is 10~15mm.
Since the size, quantity and distribution situation of weld seam internal porosity are to evaluate the key factor of weldquality.Therefore, The present invention is more advantageous to elimination stomata and is lacked by comparative experiments, discovery when more preposition than electric arc using the welding direction of laser pre-amplifier It falls into, especially when protection air-flow amount is 15L/min, appearance of weld is beautiful.
Because when electric arc is preposition, weld seam is narrow and deep, protection gas may enter molten bath because of the quick flowing of molten metal, come Just remain in molten bath not as good as being precipitated and form stomata.
However, weld seam is wide and shallow when laser pre-amplifier, protection gas acts on molten bath rear end, can more uniformly act on weld seam Surface is without destroying molten bath flowing.
Secondly, protection air-flow amount is too small, the effect in protection molten bath is not achieved.However, protection air-flow amount is excessive, not only having can Molten bath flowing can be influenced, can also enter in keyhole, destroy the stability of keyhole.
Therefore, when protection air-flow amount is 15L/min and laser pre-amplifier, weld porosity rate is smaller and forming is beautiful.
In conclusion the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention is by changing weldering Direction and protection air-flow amount are connect, the growth of laser plasma and the eruption of metallic vapour is restrained effectively, ensure that spoon The stability in hole and droplet transfer enables weld seam to inhibit the generation of gas hole defect.
Compared with prior art, present invention reduces the porositys of weld seam, to ensure that the forming and quality of weld seam.It is logical Change welding direction and protection air-flow amount are crossed, the growth of laser plasma and the eruption of metallic vapour is restrained effectively, makes Obtain droplet transfer and keyhole form stable makes welding efficiency and quality have been further upgraded to reduce the porosity.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that these It is merely illustrative of, protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.Those skilled in the art is not carrying on the back Under the premise of from the principle and substance of the present invention, various changes or modifications can be made to these embodiments, but these are changed Protection scope of the present invention is each fallen with modification.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG, which is characterized in that the stomata lacks Fall into suppressing method the following steps are included:
Step S1, selection welding method and material, welding method uses hybrid Laser-Arc Welding;
Step S2, carry out welding preparation, polish base material surface, and remove surface film oxide;
Step S3, carry out hybrid Laser-Arc Welding;
Step S4, carry out postwelding inspection, section of weld joint is observed.
2. the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG as described in claim 1, feature exist In the step S1Middle welding material is selected as HR420LA high-strength steel, having a size of 300mm × 150mm × 3mm.
3. the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG as claimed in claim 2, feature exist In the step S1Middle welding point is docking, and the diameter of welding wire is the JM-56 copper facing low-alloy steel gas shielded arc welding of 1.2mm Silk.
4. the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG as claimed in claim 3, feature exist In the chemical component of the welding wire presses the percentage of quality are as follows: C 0.06%-0.15%, Mn 1.4%-1.85%, Si are 0.8%-1.15%, S≤0.035%, P≤0.025%, Cu≤0.5%.
5. the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG as claimed in claim 3, feature exist In the step S2Include: that base material surface is polished with the sand paper of different thicknesses respectively, is then done surface wipes with ethyl alcohol Only, surface film oxide is removed;
Gap is adjusted by clearance gauge, compression after the clearance gauge is placed between two plates, to guarantee gap uniformity.
6. the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG as claimed in claim 5, feature exist In the step S2Further include: laser head and welding gun are rigidly fixed using fixture, and X, Y, Z by adjusting the fixture Axis and rotating mechanism, the adjusting of spacing between realization welding wire endpoint and laser action point, the welding gun and laser beam axis The adjusting of the relative altitude of centering and the welding wire tip and workpiece surface.
7. the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG as claimed in claim 6, feature exist In the step S2Middle hot optical fiber spacing is 3~5mm, and stem elongation is 10~15mm.
8. the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG as described in claim 1, feature exist In the step S3Middle wire feed rate is 2~4m/min;Throughput is 5~25L/min;Speed of welding is 0.5~1.5m/ min;Laser power is 1.5~3kw.
9. the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG as claimed in claim 8, feature exist In defocusing amount is -1~+2mm;Angle of welding gun is 40 °~60 °;Heat source position is that laser pre-amplifier or electric arc are preposition.
10. the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG as described in claim 1, feature exist In the step S4It include: to cut weld seam along cross section, the metallographic preparation section by standard is made sample, passes through super scape Size, quantity and the distribution situation of deep micro- sem observation stomata.
CN201810391865.3A 2018-04-27 2018-04-27 The gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG Pending CN110405344A (en)

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CN112846658A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-28 中核北方核燃料元件有限公司 Method for eliminating air holes in medium-thickness steel lock bottom type welding seam
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112025097A (en) * 2020-08-13 2020-12-04 上海交通大学 Large-cladding-rate arc-laser composite heat source welding regulation and control method
CN112846658A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-28 中核北方核燃料元件有限公司 Method for eliminating air holes in medium-thickness steel lock bottom type welding seam
CN113210870A (en) * 2021-04-25 2021-08-06 江苏通宇钢管集团有限公司 Efficient laser-electric arc composite heat source high-strength steel pipeline straight seam welding process
CN113996932A (en) * 2021-11-15 2022-02-01 哈焊国创(青岛)焊接工程创新中心有限公司 Welding system and welding method for eliminating weld reinforcement and undercut defects
WO2023082718A1 (en) * 2021-11-15 2023-05-19 哈焊国创(青岛)焊接工程创新中心有限公司 Welding system for eliminating weld reinforcement and undercut defect and welding method

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Application publication date: 20191105