CN110405344A - The gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG - Google Patents
The gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG Download PDFInfo
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- CN110405344A CN110405344A CN201810391865.3A CN201810391865A CN110405344A CN 110405344 A CN110405344 A CN 110405344A CN 201810391865 A CN201810391865 A CN 201810391865A CN 110405344 A CN110405344 A CN 110405344A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of gas hole defect suppressing methods of electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG comprising following steps: step S1, selection welding method and material, welding method uses hybrid Laser-Arc Welding;Step S2, carry out welding preparation, polish base material surface, and remove surface film oxide;Step S3, carry out hybrid Laser-Arc Welding;Step S4, carry out postwelding inspection, section of weld joint is observed.Present invention reduces the porositys of weld seam, to ensure that the forming and quality of weld seam.By changing welding direction and protection air-flow amount, the growth of laser plasma and the eruption of metallic vapour restrained effectively, so that droplet transfer and keyhole form stable make welding efficiency and quality have been further upgraded to reduce the porosity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laserHybrid welding field, in particular to a kind of stomata of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG
Defect suppressing method.
Background technique
HR420LA is a kind of thermoforming Hi-Stren steel, can be used for the occasions such as auto parts and components, chassis.It is changed
It studies and is divided into: C :≤0.10%, Si :≤0.5%, Mn :≤1.60%, P :≤0.025%, S :≤0.025%, Ait: >=
0.015%, Nb :≤0.09%, Tia :≤0.15%, yield strength is more than or equal to 420MPa.Currently, how in the welding process
The generation for inhibiting gas hole defect, is one of electric arc combined weldering urgent problem to be solved of high-strength steel laser.
Traditional arc welding is highly developed in technique, and equipment investment is small, and state modulator is simple.But with
The development of modern industry, arc welding deformation is big, low efficiency, technology stability is poor, the degree of automation is low, waste of material is serious
Disadvantage just gradually displays, these shortcomings constrain it and are more widely applied in Modern Manufacturing Industry.Laser Welding
Connecing is a kind of new welding technology to grow up the middle and later periods in last century, it is using the laser of high-energy density as heat source, to gold
Category is melted and forms welding.Compared with traditional welding method, Laser Welding is because its fusion penetration is big, speed is fast, post welding distortion phase
Many industrial circles are widely used in the welding of smaller and suitable welding-resistant metal.But laser welding is in part industrial application
It is upper to be difficult to the shortcomings that overcoming there are still some, such as clamping precision requires height, stomata, undercut etc. easily occurs when welding slab
Welding defect, highly reflective material welding difficulty etc..In this context, the concept of hybrid Laser-Arc Welding is suggested.Through trying
Bright, the advantages of which can be fully integrated laser welding and arc welding is verified, has that welding penetration is big, technology stability
The advantages that height, welding efficiency are high, welding gap bridging capability is strong, is more suitable for the growth requirement of modern welding industry
During the hybrid Laser-Arc Welding of high-strength steel, matching between each parameter it is improper can flowing to molten bath,
Stability, laser and degree of coupling of electric arc of keyhole etc. have an impact, so as to cause the life of stomata
The technology of hybrid Laser-Arc Welding high-strength steel has very big performance space in the manufacturing industry such as automobile.It is assembled
The feature that required precision is low, fusion penetration is big is that conventional arc weldering and laser welding are not achieved.It solves to go out during composite welding
Existing stomata problem, is conducive to the raising of weldquality, is able to satisfy the demand of enterprise.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to occur during hybrid Laser-Arc Welding in the prior art to overcome
The defect of stomata provides a kind of gas hole defect suppressing method of electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG.
The present invention is to solve above-mentioned technical problem by following technical proposals:
A kind of gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG, it is characterized in that, the stomata
Defect suppressing method the following steps are included:
Step S1, selection welding method and material, welding method uses hybrid Laser-Arc Welding;
Step S2, carry out welding preparation, polish base material surface, and remove surface film oxide;
Step S3, carry out hybrid Laser-Arc Welding;
Step S4, carry out postwelding inspection, section of weld joint is observed.
An invention according to the present invention, the step S1Middle welding material is selected as HR420LA high-strength steel, having a size of
300mm×150mm×3mm。
An invention according to the present invention, the step S1Middle welding point is docking, and the diameter of welding wire is 1.2mm's
JM-56 copper facing low-alloy steel gas protecting welding wire.
An invention according to the present invention, the chemical component of the welding wire press the percentage of quality are as follows: C 0.06%-
0.15%, Mn 1.4%-1.85%, Si 0.8%-1.15%, S≤0.035%, P≤0.025%, Cu≤0.5%.
An invention according to the present invention, the step S2It include: respectively to be beaten base material surface with the sand paper of different thicknesses
Mill, it is then with ethyl alcohol that surface wipes are clean, remove surface film oxide;
Gap is adjusted by clearance gauge, compression after the clearance gauge is placed between two plates, to guarantee gap uniformity.
An invention according to the present invention, the step S2Further include: laser head and welding gun are rigidly fixed using fixture,
And X, Y, Z axis and rotating mechanism by adjusting the fixture, realize the adjusting of spacing between welding wire endpoint and laser action point,
The adjusting of the relative altitude of the centering of the welding gun and laser beam axis and the welding wire tip and workpiece surface.
An invention according to the present invention, the step S2Middle hot optical fiber spacing is 3~5mm, and stem elongation is 10~15mm.
An invention according to the present invention, the step S3Middle wire feed rate is 2~4m/min;Throughput is 5~25L/
min;Speed of welding is 0.5~1.5m/min;Laser power is 1.5~3kw.
An invention according to the present invention, defocusing amount are -1~+2mm;Angle of welding gun is 40 °~60 °;Heat source position is sharp
Light is preposition or electric arc is preposition.
An invention according to the present invention, the step S4It include: to cut weld seam along cross section, by the metallographic of standard
Sample is made in preparation section, and size, quantity and the distribution situation of stomata are observed by super depth-of-field microscope.
The positive effect of the present invention is that:
The gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention by change welding direction and
Protection air-flow amount restrained effectively the growth of laser plasma and the eruption of metallic vapour, ensure that keyhole and molten drop
The stability of transition enables weld seam to inhibit the generation of gas hole defect.
Compared with prior art, present invention reduces the porositys of weld seam, to ensure that the forming and quality of weld seam.It is logical
Change welding direction and protection air-flow amount are crossed, the growth of laser plasma and the eruption of metallic vapour is restrained effectively, makes
Obtain droplet transfer and keyhole form stable makes welding efficiency and quality have been further upgraded to reduce the porosity.
Detailed description of the invention
The above and other feature of the present invention, property and advantage will pass through description with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples
And become apparent, identical appended drawing reference always shows identical feature in the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is that laser pre-amplifier shows in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention
It is intended to.
Fig. 2 a is laser pre-amplifier in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention, is protected
Protect seam cross-section schematic diagram when throughput is 5L/min.
Fig. 2 b is laser pre-amplifier in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention, is protected
Protect seam cross-section schematic diagram when throughput is 15L/min.
Fig. 2 c is laser pre-amplifier in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention, is protected
Protect seam cross-section schematic diagram when throughput is 25L/min.
Fig. 3, which is that electric arc is preposition in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention, to be shown
It is intended to.
Fig. 4 a is that electric arc is preposition in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention, is protected
Protect seam cross-section schematic diagram when throughput is 5L/min.
Fig. 4 b is that electric arc is preposition in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention, is protected
Protect seam cross-section schematic diagram when throughput is 15L/min.
Fig. 4 c is that electric arc is preposition in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention, is protected
Protect seam cross-section schematic diagram when throughput is 25L/min.
Fig. 5 is the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention in different heat sources position
When, the relation schematic diagram between the porosity and protection air-flow amount.
Specific embodiment
For the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be clearer and more comprehensible, below in conjunction with attached drawing to tool of the invention
Body embodiment elaborates.
The embodiment of the present invention is described with detailed reference to attached drawing now.Now with detailed reference to preferred implementation of the invention
Example, its example is shown in the drawings.In the case of any possible, phase will be indicated using identical label in all the appended drawings
Same or similar part.
In addition, the present invention is said although term used in the present invention is selected from public term
Some terms mentioned in bright book may be that applicant is judged to carry out selection as his or her, and detailed meanings are retouched this paper's
Illustrate in the relevant portion stated.
Furthermore, it is desirable that not only by used actual terms, and be also to the meaning contained by each term
To understand the present invention.
Fig. 1 is that laser pre-amplifier shows in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention
It is intended to.Fig. 2 a is laser pre-amplifier in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention, protection
Seam cross-section schematic diagram when throughput is 5L/min.Fig. 2 b is the gas of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention
Laser pre-amplifier in hole defect suppressing method, seam cross-section schematic diagram when protection air-flow amount is 15L/min.Fig. 2 c is the present invention
Laser pre-amplifier in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG, when protection air-flow amount is 25L/min
Seam cross-section schematic diagram.Fig. 3 is in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention
The preposition schematic diagram of electric arc.Fig. 4 a is electricity in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention
Forearc is set, seam cross-section schematic diagram when protection air-flow amount is 5L/min.Fig. 4 b is high-strength steel laser-MIG electric arc of the present invention
Electric arc is preposition in the gas hole defect suppressing method of composite welding, seam cross-section schematic diagram when protection air-flow amount is 15L/min.
Fig. 4 c is that electric arc is preposition in the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention, protection air-flow
Seam cross-section schematic diagram when amount is 25L/min.Fig. 5 is that the stomata of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention lacks
Fall into relation schematic diagram of the suppressing method at different heat sources position, between the porosity and protection air-flow amount.
As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the invention discloses a kind of suppressions of the gas hole defect of electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG
Method processed comprising following steps:
Step S1, selection welding method and material, welding method uses hybrid Laser-Arc Welding.
Welding material is selected as HR420LA high-strength steel, having a size of 300mm × 150mm × 3mm.
Welding point form is preferably docked, and the diameter of welding wire is the JM-56 copper facing low-alloy steel gas shielded arc welding of 1.2mm
Silk.
Wherein, the chemical component of the welding wire presses the percentage of quality are as follows: C 0.06%-0.15%, Mn 1.4%-
1.85%, Si 0.8%-1.15%, S≤0.035%, P≤0.025%, Cu≤0.5%.
The inhibition to gas hole defect can be realized by the arrangement and protection air-flow amount of change heat source position in this way.
Step S2, carry out welding preparation, polish base material surface, and remove surface film oxide.
Firstly, base material surface is polished with the sand paper of different thicknesses respectively, then with ethyl alcohol that surface wipes are clean, removal
Surface film oxide;
Then, gap is adjusted by clearance gauge, compression after the clearance gauge is placed between two plates, to guarantee gap uniform one
It causes.
Then, laser head and welding gun are rigidly fixed using fixture, and X, Y, Z axis and rotation by adjusting the fixture
Rotation mechanism, the adjusting of spacing between realization welding wire endpoint and laser action point, the centering of the welding gun and laser beam axis, with
And the adjusting of the relative altitude of the welding wire tip and workpiece surface.
Stationary fixture is preferably face contact type fixture herein, can be changed to avoid gap caused by welding process thermal deformation.
In addition, hot optical fiber spacing (horizontal distance of LASER SPECKLE and wire tip) is preferably 3~5mm, stem elongation (welding wire
The distance of end to ignition tip end) it is preferably 10~15mm.
Step S3, carry out hybrid Laser-Arc Welding.
Wherein, wire feed rate is preferably 2~4m/min;Throughput is preferably 5~25L/min;Speed of welding is preferably 0.5
~1.5m/min;Laser power is preferably 1.5~3kw.
Defocusing amount is preferably -1~+2mm;Angle of welding gun is preferably 40 °~60 °;Heat source position be preferably laser pre-amplifier or
Electric arc is preposition.
Step S4, carry out postwelding inspection, section of weld joint is observed.
Postwelding observes section of weld joint, if without the obvious shortcomings such as undercut and splashing, then it represents that weld seam is more beautiful.
Specifically, weld seam can be cut along cross section, sample is made in the metallographic preparation section by standard, by super
Size, quantity and the distribution situation of depth-of-field microscope observation stomata.
According to foregoing description, further concrete example is as follows:
Firstly, Selection experiment base material is HR420LA high-strength steel, having a size of 300mm*150mm*3mm.Welding wire select diameter for
The JM-56 copper facing low-alloy steel gas protecting welding wire of 1.2mm, main chemical compositions press the percentage of quality are as follows: C 0.06-
0.15, Mn 1.4-1.85, Si 0.8-1.15, S≤0.035, P≤0.025, Cu≤0.5.
Before welding, is polished surface of steel plate with sand paper, and use alcohol washes.The purpose for the arrangement is that in order to remove oxide film dissolving etc.
Impurity.
The gas hole defect suppressing method uses welding (MIG), and protective gas is straight argon (gas
Purity >=99.99%), gas flow is preferably 5~25L/min.
Welding machine is unified operation, i.e., change wire feed rate, welding current can also change correspondingly.
Wire feed rate is set as 2~4m/min.Composite welding uses Nd:YAG laser, and laser power is 1.5~3kw, weldering
Connecing speed is 0.5~1.5m/min, and defocusing amount is -1~+2mm.
Then, X, Y, Z axis and whirler for laser head and welding gun being rigidly fixed using fixture, and passing through alignment jig
Structure, realizes the adjusting of welding wire endpoint and laser action point spacing, the centering of welding gun and laser beam axis and welding wire tip and
The adjusting of the relative altitude of workpiece surface.Hot optical fiber spacing is set as 3~5mm, stem elongation is 10~15mm.
Since the size, quantity and distribution situation of weld seam internal porosity are to evaluate the key factor of weldquality.Therefore,
The present invention is more advantageous to elimination stomata and is lacked by comparative experiments, discovery when more preposition than electric arc using the welding direction of laser pre-amplifier
It falls into, especially when protection air-flow amount is 15L/min, appearance of weld is beautiful.
Because when electric arc is preposition, weld seam is narrow and deep, protection gas may enter molten bath because of the quick flowing of molten metal, come
Just remain in molten bath not as good as being precipitated and form stomata.
However, weld seam is wide and shallow when laser pre-amplifier, protection gas acts on molten bath rear end, can more uniformly act on weld seam
Surface is without destroying molten bath flowing.
Secondly, protection air-flow amount is too small, the effect in protection molten bath is not achieved.However, protection air-flow amount is excessive, not only having can
Molten bath flowing can be influenced, can also enter in keyhole, destroy the stability of keyhole.
Therefore, when protection air-flow amount is 15L/min and laser pre-amplifier, weld porosity rate is smaller and forming is beautiful.
In conclusion the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG of the present invention is by changing weldering
Direction and protection air-flow amount are connect, the growth of laser plasma and the eruption of metallic vapour is restrained effectively, ensure that spoon
The stability in hole and droplet transfer enables weld seam to inhibit the generation of gas hole defect.
Compared with prior art, present invention reduces the porositys of weld seam, to ensure that the forming and quality of weld seam.It is logical
Change welding direction and protection air-flow amount are crossed, the growth of laser plasma and the eruption of metallic vapour is restrained effectively, makes
Obtain droplet transfer and keyhole form stable makes welding efficiency and quality have been further upgraded to reduce the porosity.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that these
It is merely illustrative of, protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.Those skilled in the art is not carrying on the back
Under the premise of from the principle and substance of the present invention, various changes or modifications can be made to these embodiments, but these are changed
Protection scope of the present invention is each fallen with modification.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG, which is characterized in that the stomata lacks
Fall into suppressing method the following steps are included:
Step S1, selection welding method and material, welding method uses hybrid Laser-Arc Welding;
Step S2, carry out welding preparation, polish base material surface, and remove surface film oxide;
Step S3, carry out hybrid Laser-Arc Welding;
Step S4, carry out postwelding inspection, section of weld joint is observed.
2. the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG as described in claim 1, feature exist
In the step S1Middle welding material is selected as HR420LA high-strength steel, having a size of 300mm × 150mm × 3mm.
3. the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG as claimed in claim 2, feature exist
In the step S1Middle welding point is docking, and the diameter of welding wire is the JM-56 copper facing low-alloy steel gas shielded arc welding of 1.2mm
Silk.
4. the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG as claimed in claim 3, feature exist
In the chemical component of the welding wire presses the percentage of quality are as follows: C 0.06%-0.15%, Mn 1.4%-1.85%, Si are
0.8%-1.15%, S≤0.035%, P≤0.025%, Cu≤0.5%.
5. the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG as claimed in claim 3, feature exist
In the step S2Include: that base material surface is polished with the sand paper of different thicknesses respectively, is then done surface wipes with ethyl alcohol
Only, surface film oxide is removed;
Gap is adjusted by clearance gauge, compression after the clearance gauge is placed between two plates, to guarantee gap uniformity.
6. the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG as claimed in claim 5, feature exist
In the step S2Further include: laser head and welding gun are rigidly fixed using fixture, and X, Y, Z by adjusting the fixture
Axis and rotating mechanism, the adjusting of spacing between realization welding wire endpoint and laser action point, the welding gun and laser beam axis
The adjusting of the relative altitude of centering and the welding wire tip and workpiece surface.
7. the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG as claimed in claim 6, feature exist
In the step S2Middle hot optical fiber spacing is 3~5mm, and stem elongation is 10~15mm.
8. the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG as described in claim 1, feature exist
In the step S3Middle wire feed rate is 2~4m/min;Throughput is 5~25L/min;Speed of welding is 0.5~1.5m/
min;Laser power is 1.5~3kw.
9. the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG as claimed in claim 8, feature exist
In defocusing amount is -1~+2mm;Angle of welding gun is 40 °~60 °;Heat source position is that laser pre-amplifier or electric arc are preposition.
10. the gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG as described in claim 1, feature exist
In the step S4It include: to cut weld seam along cross section, the metallographic preparation section by standard is made sample, passes through super scape
Size, quantity and the distribution situation of deep micro- sem observation stomata.
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CN113210870A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-06 | 江苏通宇钢管集团有限公司 | Efficient laser-electric arc composite heat source high-strength steel pipeline straight seam welding process |
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