CN104349863A - Laser-arc hybrid welding method - Google Patents

Laser-arc hybrid welding method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104349863A
CN104349863A CN201380028227.0A CN201380028227A CN104349863A CN 104349863 A CN104349863 A CN 104349863A CN 201380028227 A CN201380028227 A CN 201380028227A CN 104349863 A CN104349863 A CN 104349863A
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China
Prior art keywords
welding
laser
arc
weld
arc welding
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CN201380028227.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
角博幸
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JFE Steel Corp
JFE Engineering Corp
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NKK Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
    • B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

By the present invention, in order to suppress cold cracking, consumable electrode type arc welding is placed at the preceding side and laser welding is placed at the succeeding side with respect to the direction of weld progress, using a high-strength steel sheet having a tensile strength of at least 780 MPa as the welding subject, the distance between the position at which a welding wire for arc welding is aimed and the position of laser beam irradiation is set to a range of 3-5 mm, the electrode angle for arc welding is set to a sweepback angle in the range of 20-60 DEG toward the direction of weld progress, and the incidence angle of the laser beam for laser welding is set to an angle in the range of 0-30 DEG in the direction of weld progress from the vertical direction.

Description

Laser electrical arc complex welding method
Technical field
The present invention relates to and use the laser electrical arc complex welding method (laser and arc hybrid welding method) of laser weld (laser welding) and consumable electrode type arc welding (consumable electrode arc welding), the laser electrical arc complex welding method that especially to relate to hot strength (tensile strength) high-strength steel sheet (high strength steel sheet or plate) that is more than 780MPa be object.
Background technology
Laser weld can obtain high energy density (high-energy density), therefore, it is possible to carry out the high-speed welding (high speed welding) of dark fusion penetration (deep penetration), can expect as high efficiency welding method.And owing to becoming the melting of extremely locality, the impact therefore to the heat of mother metal applying also reduces, and can be strained or be out of shape the welding point (weld joint) of little high-quality.
On the other hand, the arc welding used all the time can easily process than laser weld more, and device is also cheap and have versatility.But when compared with laser weld, the degree of depth (penetration depth) of fusion penetration is little, and speed of welding is also slow.
Therefore, in order to the advantage of effectively both utilizations, hybrid Laser-Arc Welding laser weld and arc welding combined is proposed.And, 2 thermals source (heat source) that hybrid Laser-Arc Welding utilizes energy density different, the increase of the therefore mitigation of the dimensional accuracy (dimension accuracy) of the known high speed in speed of welding, groove gap (groove gap), fusion penetration, the characteristic of welded-joint improve (specifically, the toughness improvement etc. of weld metal), weld defect (weld defects) suppression etc. effectively upper.
And, as laser electrical arc complex welding method, there will be a known the method that such as following patent document 1 ~ 3 grade is recorded.
In patent document 1, disclose following laser electrical arc complex welding method: first configure laser, rear configuration electric arc, the root gap of weld (root gap) of soldered material is set as more than 10% of thickness of slab to lasing beam diameter (laser beam diameter) scope below, can realize the high-speed welding of dark fusion penetration.
In patent document 2, disclose following laser electrical arc complex welding method: make electric arc formerly, make laser rear, by laser and arc configuration on same sealing wire (same weld line) weld, thus high-speed welding (high speed weldability) and resistance to intermittence (gaptolerance) excellent.
In patent document 3, disclose the technology about following laser electrical arc complex welding method: make electric arc formerly and make laser rear, and a pair arc electrodes (arc electrode) (also referred to as welding torch (torch)) is configured in the both sides of sealing wire and makes the state that their front end tilts to welding direct of travel by arc welding,, even if there is large gap (gap) thus between welded parts also can form good welding point at high speed in the illuminating laser beam (laser beam) by the gap between arc electrodes.
At first technical literature
Patent document
Patent document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 10-216972 publication
Patent document 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2006-224130 publication
Patent document 3: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2011-147944 publication
Summary of the invention
The problem that invention will solve
But, because the cooling velocity (cooling rate) after the welding of hybrid Laser-Arc Welding is higher than arc welding, therefore be especially in the high strength steel of more than 780MPa in the hot strength of easily sclerosis, worry that the low temperature of weld metal (weld metal) breaks the generation of (cold cracking).
Usually, as the generation main cause that low temperature breaks, the diffusivity hydrogen (diffusible hydrogen) of (a) weld metal, (b) HAZ (welded heat-affected zone) or the sclerotic tissue (hardened microstructure) of weld metal, the limit stresses (restraint stress) these three of (c) welding point can be enumerated, when these conditions are complete, low temperature can be there is and break.Can consider that the situation that hydrogen is dissolved in weld metal with hypersaturated state is many after welding has just terminated, they, to the high position diffusion of stress, are concentrated and reach and break.
But in aforesaid patent document 1 ~ 3, the starting point is positioned over both the degree more than needed (gap tolerance) and high-speed welding that realize groove gap simultaneously, preventing of breaking of low temperature is considered.Especially, when hybrid Laser-Arc Welding, in the technique of arc welding, the diffusivity hydrogen considered and be mixed into from welding wire (weld wire) or air cannot be ignored.
The present invention makes in view of the above circumstances, realize to hot strength be the hybrid Laser-Arc Welding of the high-strength steel sheet of more than 780MPa the basis be suitable on, in order to consider that the low temperature of problem breaks the establishment of preventing techniques, object is to provide a kind of laser electrical arc complex welding method that can reduce the diffusivity hydrogen amount of weld metal.
For solving the scheme of problem
In order to solve above-mentioned problem, present inventor measures the diffusivity hydrogen amount making the configuration of laser and electric arc that the weld metal portion of the hybrid Laser-Arc Welding under the condition of various change occur, and has carefully studied the impact that welding condition (welding condition) causes diffusivity hydrogen amount.Consequently found, formerly configure situation that electric arc and carrying out at rear configuration laser welds and formerly configure laser and carry out at rear configuration electric arc compared with the situation of welding, diffusivity hydrogen amount is in the tendency of minimizing.And, when the electrode angle of arc welding formerly (angle of electrode) is tilted in the mode becoming receding angle (sweptback angle) relative to welding direct of travel side, obtain the opinion that the minimizing effect of this diffusivity hydrogen amount is so greatly.And, if the distance of the welding wire target location (wire aim position) and laser beam irradiation position (laser beam irradiation position) that have also been obtained arc welding is not in certain scope, then the little such opinion of the minimizing effect of diffusivity hydrogen amount.
The present invention is based on opinion as described above and make, possessing following such feature.
[1] a kind of laser electrical arc complex welding method, it is characterized in that, take hot strength as the high-strength steel sheet of more than 780MPa be welding object, be configured to first to carry out consumable electrode type arc welding relative to welding direct of travel and then carry out laser weld, the welding wire target location of arc welding and the distance of laser beam irradiation position are the scope of 3 ~ 5mm, and the electrode angle of arc welding is set to the receding angle of the scope to welding 20 ~ 60 °, direct of travel side, the incident angle (angle of incidence) of the laser beam of laser weld is set to the angle of the scope of 0 ~ 30 ° in (welding direction) direction of advancing from vertical (vertical direction) to welding.
[2] according to the laser electrical arc complex welding method that described [1] is recorded, it is characterized in that, the welding current (weld current) of described arc welding is below 300A.
[3] according to the laser electrical arc complex welding method that described [1] or [2] are recorded, it is characterized in that, the Laser output (laser power) of described laser weld is more than 3kW.
Invention effect
According to the present invention, whenever carrying out hot strength and being the hybrid Laser-Arc Welding of the high-strength steel sheet of more than 780MPa, the diffusivity hydrogen amount of weld metal can be reduced, the low temperature resistant disruptiveness that hot strength is the high-strength steel sheet of more than 780MPa can be improved.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is in one embodiment of the present invention, the schematic side elevation observed from the horizontal side of welding direct of travel of situation during butt welding (the butt welding) of soldered material.
Fig. 2 is in an embodiment of the present invention, the schematic diagram of the test film that the mensuration of hydrogen amount uses.
Detailed description of the invention
With reference to accompanying drawing, the laser electrical arc complex welding method of one embodiment of the present invention is described.
The schematic side elevation observed from the horizontal side of welding direct of travel of situation when Fig. 1 is the butt welding of soldered material in one embodiment of the present invention.In Fig. 1,1 represents soldered material, and 2 represent arc welding electrode, and 3 represent welding wire, and 4 represent laser welding system (laser welding head), and 5 represent laser beam, and 6 represent welding bead (weld bead), and arrow A represents welding direction.And the welding wire target location of arc welding and the distance of laser beam irradiation position are set to X.In addition, arc welding electrode 2 is set to θ a relative to the inclination angle (that is, receding angle) of vertical, and the incidence angle of the laser beam of laser weld is set to θ b.It should be noted that, the welding wire target location of arc welding refers to the point that the extended line of welding wire and surface of steel plate intersect.And laser beam irradiation position refers to the center of the beam diameter of the illuminated laser beam of surface of steel plate.
First, in this embodiment, be configured to first carry out arc welding, after carry out laser weld, and the electrode angle θ a of arc welding welding direct of travel side become receding angle.This is because make arc welding weld in receding angle mode (sweptback angle method), the width constriction of welding bead thus, reducing with the area of atmosphere of motlten metal, can reduce the diffusivity hydrogen brought into from air thus.Therefore, when considering the process of arc welding electrode 2 and laser welding system 4, be configured to first carry out arc welding.
On this basis, the welding wire target location of arc welding and the distance X of laser beam irradiation position are defined as the scope of 3 ~ 5mm.When X is less than 3mm, because of the variation of welding wire 3, laser beam 5 and welding wire 3 directly touch, and welding easily becomes unstable.And when X is more than 5mm, the fusion pool (molten weld pool) formed by arc welding is separated with the fusion pool based on laser weld, and therefore the surface area of motlten metal and atmosphere increases, and diffusivity hydrogen is easily mixed into.Therefore, the welding wire target location of arc welding and the distance X of laser beam irradiation position are set to the scope of 3 ~ 5mm.
Further, the receding angle θ a of arc welding is defined as the scope of 20 ~ 60 °.When receding angle θ a is less than 20 °, the not remarkable constriction of width of the welding bead of arc welding, is therefore difficult to the minimizing effect of the diffusivity hydrogen obtaining weld metal, and when receding angle θ a is more than 60 °, the weld bead shape of arc welding becomes unstable, and fusion penetration reduces.Therefore, the receding angle θ a of arc welding is set to the scope of 20 ~ 60 °.Be more preferably the scope of 30 ~ 45 °.
And, the incidence angle θ b of laser beam 5 is defined as the scope of 0 ~ 30 ° from vertical to welding direct of travel.When the incidence angle θ b of laser beam 5 is less than 0 °, laser welding system 4 and arc welding welding torch 2 are to the lopsidedness identical with welding direct of travel, and not only mutual alignment interferes, and the effect do not obtained.On the other hand, when the incidence angle θ b of laser beam 5 is more than 30 °, fusion penetration reduces.Therefore, the incidence angle θ b of the laser beam 5 of laser weld is set to the scope of 0 ~ 30 °.Be more preferably the scope of 0 ~ 15 °.
Further, the welding current of arc welding is preferably below 300A.And the Laser output of laser weld is preferably more than 3kW.
That is, when arc welding electric current is more than 300A, the deposition amount (volume of deposit metal) of welding wire 3 increases, and the diffusivity hydrogen be therefore mixed into by welding wire 3 also increases.Therefore, the welding current of arc welding is preferably set to below 300A.
On the other hand, when Laser output is less than 3kW, be difficult to the dark fusion penetration obtaining expecting in the hybrid Laser-Arc Welding of slab.And, when the melting (dilution rate (dilution ratio)) of the mother metal based on laser weld reduces, due to the situation of welding separately close to electric arc, be therefore also difficult to the minimizing effect obtaining diffusivity hydrogen.Therefore, the Laser output of laser weld is preferably more than 3kW.
It should be noted that, as the laser weld used in the present invention, the laser beam of the oscillator (oscillator) that make use of various mode can be used.
Preference is as used gas (such as, CO 2(carbon dioxide gas), helium-neon (helium-neon), argon (argon), nitrogen (nitrogen), iodine (iodine) etc.) as medium gas laser (gas laser), use solid (such as, being doped with the YAG etc. of rare earth element) as medium Solid State Laser (solid laser), replace discrete material (bulk) and utilize fiber (fiber) as the fibre laser (fiber laser), dish type laser (disk laser) etc. of laser medium (laser medium).Or also can use semiconductor laser (semiconductor laser).
In addition, as the arc welding used in the present invention, can use, by protective gas, electric arc and weld metal be carried out from large gas shield the gas protective arc welding that welds.
Such as, preferably CO is used 2gas or Ar and CO 2mist MAG welding (metal active gas welding), use the electrode continuous fusions such as the MIG of the inert gas such as Ar or He welding (metal inert gas welding) and consumable electrode type (consumable electrode type) welding that consumes.
Embodiment 1
About the diffusivity hydrogen amount in the weld metal portion of hybrid Laser-Arc Welding joint, enumerate embodiment and further illustrate the present invention.
As the assay method of hydrogen amount of steel weld part taking arc welding as object, usually use the test method shown in JIS Z 3118.Therefore, in the mensuration of the diffusivity hydrogen of hybrid Laser-Arc Welding, the basic item such as test film shape, the trapping of diffusivity hydrogen, the assay method of hydrogen amount is implemented in accordance with JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards).Namely, by as examination steel and HT780 level steel plate, produce the breadboard 1A of thickness of slab 12mm × width 25mm × length 40mm as shown in Figure 2 and run-on tab (end tab) 1B of thickness of slab 12mm × width 25mm × length 45mm, determine the diffusivity hydrogen amount making hybrid Laser-Arc Welding condition that the weld part of various change occur.
Table 1 illustrates hybrid Laser-Arc Welding condition.
[table 1]
[table 1]
It should be noted that, laser weld uses YAG laser-beam welding machine, and laser radiation gas (laser shielding gas) is pure Ar.On the other hand, arc welding uses HT780 level MAG welding solid wire (solid wire) (1.2mm footpath), and protective gas employs 80vol%Ar-20vol%CO 2.And speed of welding is set to 0.5m/min to prevent the through of the breadboard 1A of thickness of slab 12mm.
Example of the present invention (joint No.1,3,4,6,7,8) in table 1 is that arc welding is first carried out than laser weld, the welding wire target location of arc welding and the distance X of laser beam irradiation position are set to the scope of 3 ~ 5mm, and by the receding angle that the electrode angle θ a of arc welding is configured to 20 ~ 60 °, the incidence angle θ b of laser beam is configured to the example of 0 ~ 30 °.It should be noted that, in joint No.1,3,4,7, the welding current of arc welding is set to below 300A, and the Laser output of laser weld is set to more than 3kW, but in joint No.6, the welding current of arc welding is set to the 320A more than 300A, in joint No.8, the Laser output of laser weld is set to the 2.5kW being less than 3kW.
Relative to this, comparative example (joint No.2 in table 1, 5, 9, 10, 11) in, joint No.2 is the example that laser weld is first carried out than arc welding, joint No.5 is the example that the welding wire target location of arc welding and the distance X of laser beam irradiation position are set to the 1mm being less than 3mm, joint No.9 is the example that the welding wire target location of arc welding and the distance X of laser beam irradiation position are set to the 6mm more than 5mm, joint No.10 is the example of 45 ° that the incidence angle θ b of laser beam is set to more than 30 °, joint No.11 is the example that the welding torch angle θ a of arc welding is set to the receding angle of 70 ° more than 60 °.
The measurement result of the diffusivity hydrogen amount in above-mentioned hybrid Laser-Arc Welding portion is as shown in table 2.
At this, as the evaluation index (evaluation index) of diffusivity hydrogen amount, what use is not be generally used in arc welding evaluating " hydrogen amount of the unit mass of deposited metal (deposit metal) ", but uses " hydrogen amount of the unit mass of weld metal ".As its reason, when hybrid Laser-Arc Welding, due to the effect of the laser weld of high-energy-density, the melting (dilution rate) of mother metal is higher than the independent welding of electric arc, is judged as suitably because of in the evaluation that this latter breaks at low temperature.It should be noted that, the trap conditions (collecting condition) of diffusivity hydrogen is 45 DEG C × 72 hours, and hydrogen amount utilizes gas-liquid chromatography (gas chromatography measurement) to measure.
[table 2]
[table 2]
As known from Table 2, in example of the present invention, " hydrogen amount of the unit mass of weld metal " becomes the value of below 0.40ml/100g.On the other hand, " hydrogen amount of the unit mass of weld metal " of comparative example becomes the value more than 0.60ml/100g.That is, by the present invention, " hydrogen amount of the unit mass of weld metal " can roughly reduce by half.
Industrial applicibility
According to the present invention, the diffusivity hydrogen amount in hybrid Laser-Arc Welding portion can be reduced, therefore, it is possible to improve the low temperature resistant disruptiveness of high strength steel, therefore industrially play effect especially.
Label declaration
1 soldered material
1A breadboard
1B run-on tab
2 arc welding electrodes
3 welding wires
4 laser welding systems
5 laser beams
6 welding beads

Claims (3)

1. a laser electrical arc complex welding method, is characterized in that,
Take hot strength as the high-strength steel sheet of more than 780MPa be welding object, be configured to first to carry out consumable electrode type arc welding relative to welding direct of travel and then carry out laser weld, the welding wire target location of arc welding and the distance of laser beam irradiation position are the scope of 3 ~ 5mm, and the electrode angle of arc welding is set to the receding angle of the scope to welding 20 ~ 60 °, direct of travel side, the incident angle of the laser beam of laser weld is set to the angle to the scope of 0 ~ 30 ° of welding direct of travel from vertical.
2. laser electrical arc complex welding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
The welding current of described arc welding is below 300A.
3. laser electrical arc complex welding method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that,
The Laser output of described laser weld is more than 3kW.
CN201380028227.0A 2012-05-29 2013-05-23 Laser-arc hybrid welding method Pending CN104349863A (en)

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JP2012-121481 2012-05-29
JP2012121481 2012-05-29
PCT/JP2013/003278 WO2013179614A1 (en) 2012-05-29 2013-05-23 Laser-arc hybrid welding method

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CN104907696A (en) * 2015-06-03 2015-09-16 广东省工业技术研究院(广州有色金属研究院) Laser-arc hybrid welding method with welding current value considered
CN105171243A (en) * 2015-10-23 2015-12-23 南京南车浦镇城轨车辆有限责任公司 Laser-arc hybrid welding method of medium-thickness board corner joint
CN107309563A (en) * 2017-06-27 2017-11-03 重庆科技学院 A kind of laser electrical arc complex welding method of high-grade pipe line steel
CN110405344A (en) * 2018-04-27 2019-11-05 上海汇众汽车制造有限公司 The gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG
CN111032275A (en) * 2017-09-20 2020-04-17 杰富意钢铁株式会社 Laser-arc hybrid welding method
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104907696A (en) * 2015-06-03 2015-09-16 广东省工业技术研究院(广州有色金属研究院) Laser-arc hybrid welding method with welding current value considered
CN104907696B (en) * 2015-06-03 2016-09-14 广东省工业技术研究院(广州有色金属研究院) A kind of laser-arc hybrid welding in industry method considering welding current value
CN105171243A (en) * 2015-10-23 2015-12-23 南京南车浦镇城轨车辆有限责任公司 Laser-arc hybrid welding method of medium-thickness board corner joint
CN107309563A (en) * 2017-06-27 2017-11-03 重庆科技学院 A kind of laser electrical arc complex welding method of high-grade pipe line steel
CN111032275A (en) * 2017-09-20 2020-04-17 杰富意钢铁株式会社 Laser-arc hybrid welding method
CN111032275B (en) * 2017-09-20 2021-10-08 杰富意钢铁株式会社 Laser-arc hybrid welding method
CN110405344A (en) * 2018-04-27 2019-11-05 上海汇众汽车制造有限公司 The gas hole defect suppressing method of the electric arc combined welding of high-strength steel laser-MIG
CN114867577A (en) * 2019-12-25 2022-08-05 日本轻金属株式会社 Bonding method
CN114867577B (en) * 2019-12-25 2024-04-26 日本轻金属株式会社 Bonding method

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Application publication date: 20150211