WO2023082718A1

WO2023082718A1 - Welding system for eliminating weld reinforcement and undercut defect and welding method

Info

Publication number: WO2023082718A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/108785
Authority: WO
Inventors: 徐良; 李康宁; 王旭友; 谷世伟; 郑红彬; 马天宇
Original assignee: 哈焊国创(青岛)焊接工程创新中心有限公司
Priority date: 2021-11-15
Filing date: 2022-07-29
Publication date: 2023-05-19
Also published as: AU2022386109A1; CN113996932A; CN113996932B

Abstract

A welding system for eliminating weld reinforcement and an undercut defect, comprising a workbench, a laser welding device (1), an arc welding device (2), and a rotary friction device (3). The workbench is configured to fix components to be welded (4) between which a weld (5) is reserved; the laser welding device (1), the arc welding device (2), and the rotary friction device (3) are arranged in sequence on the top end faces of said components (4) in a direction opposite to a welding direction; the rotary friction device (3) comprises a driving mechanism (31) and a pressing head (32); the driving mechanism (31) drives the pressing head (32) to rotate; one end of the pressing head (32) is fixedly provided on an output end of the driving mechanism (31), and the other end abuts against the top end of the weld (5). The welding system can effectively improve a weld defect during welding, reduce a grinding or repair process after welding, and decrease a reject ratio. The present application further relates to a welding method using the welding system for eliminating weld reinforcement and an undercut defect.

Description

A welding system and welding method for eliminating weld reinforcement and undercut defects

technical field

The invention relates to the field of welding technology, in particular to a welding system and a welding method for eliminating weld reinforcement and undercut defects.

Background technique

Weld reinforcement is one of the important factors to judge the quality of weld. Excessive weld reinforcement will not only cause stress concentration at the weld toe, thereby inducing cracks at the weld toe, but also increase the risk of weld corrosion. During the welding process, fluctuations in welding parameters such as laser power, shielding gas flow, and wire feeding speed can easily lead to insufficient filling of the weld seam, resulting in undercut defects, which will reduce the effective cross-sectional area of the base metal, cause stress concentration and lead to a decrease in joint strength . Both domestic and foreign standards stipulate that the reinforcement should be removed for all vessels that require fatigue analysis and design, so that the surface of the weld seam is flush with the surface of the base metal; for vessels that do not require fatigue analysis and design, most standards at home and abroad allow a certain amount However, after welding, the weld reinforcement and undercut defects must be inspected, and the excessively high weld reinforcement and undercut defects must be polished and repaired, which increases the operation process, low work efficiency, and irreparable The spare parts are then scrapped, causing a lot of waste.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a welding system and welding method for eliminating weld reinforcement and undercut defects, so as to solve the existing technical problems in the above-mentioned background technology.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution provided by the invention is:

In one aspect, the present invention provides a welding system for eliminating weld reinforcement and undercut defects, including a workbench, a laser welding device, an arc welding device and a rotating friction device, the workbench is used to fix the parts to be welded and A weld seam is reserved between the welding parts, and the laser welding device, the arc welding device and the rotating friction device are successively arranged on the top end surface of the parts to be welded along the direction opposite to the welding direction, and the rotating friction device includes a driving mechanism and The indenter is driven by the driving mechanism to rotate, and one end of the indenter is fixedly arranged on the output end of the driving mechanism, and the other end abuts against the top of the welding seam.

On the basis of the above technical solution, the positions of the laser welding device and the arc welding device are relatively fixed and move synchronously.

On the basis of the above technical scheme, the laser inclination angle in the laser welding device is set to 0°-15°; the angle between the welding torch and the worktable in the arc welding device is set to 40°-65°, and the distance between the light wires is set to 2mm-4mm .

On the basis of the above technical solution, the bottom end surface of the indenter is set as a plane, an arc convex surface or an arc concave surface.

On the basis of the above technical solution, a plurality of cooling grooves are opened on the outer wall of the pressure head.

On the other hand, the present invention also provides a welding method using the above-mentioned welding system for eliminating weld reinforcement and undercut defects, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, fixing at least two parts to be welded on the workbench, adjusting the size of the welding gap between the parts to be welded, and defining the welding direction;

Step 2: Install a laser welding device and an arc welding device sequentially on the top of the part to be welded along the direction opposite to the welding direction, and adjust the position and welding parameters between the two to meet the requirements of the welding process;

Step 3: Set the rotary friction device on one side of the arc welding device at the top of the part to be welded in the direction opposite to the welding direction, adjust the position of the rotary friction device so that the pressure head touches the top of the weld and weld Maintain a certain pressure on the pressure head during the process;

Step 4: Start the laser welding device, arc welding device and rotating friction device to start welding to form an initial weld seam. During the process of advancing along the welding direction, the pressure head in the rotating friction device is driven by the driving mechanism to rotate. Under the action, the weld reinforcement is eliminated, the softened weld metal fills the existing undercut defects, and finally a smooth weld structure without reinforcement and undercut defects is formed.

On the basis of the above technical solution, in the third step, indenters of different shapes are selected according to the plate thickness of the parts to be welded.

The beneficial effect that the technical solution provided by the invention produces is:

1. The present invention provides a welding system that eliminates weld reinforcement and undercut defects. By setting the laser welding device and the arc welding device at a relatively fixed position, composite welding is performed on the parts to be welded. The welding process is stable and the weld seam Good quality; by installing a rotating friction device on the side opposite to the welding direction, in the process of moving the indenter along the welding direction, under the action of welding waste heat and frictional heat, the weld reinforcement can be eliminated and the weld metal softened Fill the undercut defect of the weld, that is, effectively improve the weld defect in the welding process, reduce the grinding or repair process after welding, high work efficiency, reduce the scrap rate, and avoid waste; at the same time, the laser-arc hybrid welding process window is widened, Improved welding quality. In addition, the invention also provides a laser-arc hybrid welding welding method for eliminating weld defects, and the obtained weld seam has better quality.

2. By setting the bottom end surface of the indenter in the rotating friction device to various shapes such as plane, convex arc and concave arc, it is suitable for welding requirements between plates of different thicknesses and has stronger applicability; in addition, the indenter There are a plurality of heat dissipation grooves on the outer wall of the pressure head, which can dissipate heat in time during the working process of the pressure head and prevent the temperature of the pressure head from being too high.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the inclination angle of the laser welding device and the arc welding device in the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the indenter in the present invention, wherein Fig. 3a is a plane indenter, Fig. 3b is an arc convex indenter, and Fig. 3c is an arc concave indenter;

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the indenter of the present invention, wherein Fig. 4a is a plane indenter, Fig. 4b is an arc convex indenter, and Fig. 4c is an arc concave indenter;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a rotating friction device and a control mechanism in the present invention;

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention will be further described:

In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", etc. are based on the drawings. The orientation or positional relationship shown is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. limit.

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, on the one hand, the present invention provides a welding system for eliminating weld reinforcement and undercut defects, including a workbench, a laser welding device 1, an arc welding device 2 and a rotating friction device 3, The workbench is used to fix the parts to be welded 4 and a weld seam 5 is reserved between the parts to be welded 4, and the laser welding device 1, the arc welding device 2 and the rotating friction device 3 are sequentially arranged in the direction opposite to the welding direction On the top surface of the parts 4 to be welded, the rotary friction device 3 includes a driving mechanism 31 and a pressure head 32, the driving mechanism 31 drives the pressure head 32 to rotate, and one end of the pressure head 32 is fixedly arranged on the output of the driving mechanism 31. end, and the other end abuts against the top of the weld 5. Wherein the drive mechanism 32 in the rotary friction device 3 can be selected from a drive motor, which can drive the pressure head 31 to rotate; more preferably, a chuck 34 is fixedly arranged between the output end of the drive mechanism 32 and the pressure head 31, which is convenient for Clamping and fixing of the indenter 31.

It should be noted that the welding direction is defined according to the welding forward direction of the laser welding device 1 and the arc welding device 2, which is for the convenience of description and understanding of the technical solution, and does not constitute a limitation to the technical solution of the present application. The laser welding device 1 and the arc welding device 2 can be directly obtained from the prior art, and are not limited to a certain special welding device. More preferably, the laser welding device 1 in this application uses a fiber laser, the maximum power is set to 10Kw, the laser inclination is set to 0°-15°, the angle between the arc welding torch and the workbench is set to 40°-60°, and the light wire The spacing is 2mm to 4mm.

On the basis of the above technical solution, the positions of the laser welding device 1 and the arc welding device 2 are relatively fixed and move synchronously. Increase welding stability and improve weld quality during laser-arc hybrid welding. On the basis of the above technical solution, as shown in Figure 2, the laser inclination angle in the laser welding device 1 is set to 0°-15°; the angle between the welding torch and the workbench in the arc welding device 2 is set to 40°-65°, The distance between the light wires is set at 2 mm to 4 mm. The distance between the light wires refers to the distance from the center of the laser spot to the contact point between the end of the welding wire and the surface of the workpiece in the combined welding method of laser welding and arc welding.

On the basis of the above technical solution, the bottom end surface of the indenter 32 is set as a plane, an arc convex surface or an arc concave surface. On the basis of the above technical solution, a plurality of cooling grooves 33 are opened on the outer wall of the pressure head 32 . By setting the bottom end surface of the pressure head 32 in the rotary friction device 3 into various shapes such as a plane, an arc convex surface, and an arc concave surface, it is suitable for welding requirements between parts 4 to be welded with different thicknesses, and has stronger applicability; in addition A plurality of cooling grooves 33 are provided on the outer wall of the pressure head 32, which can dissipate heat in time during the working process of the pressure head 32, and prevent the temperature of the pressure head 32 from being too high to affect its normal operation.

Specifically, as shown in Figure 3a, the bottom end surface of the indenter 32 is set as a plane, that is, a flat indenter, which is suitable for plates of conventional thickness, usually with a thickness of 2mm-8mm; as shown in Figure 3b, the bottom end surface of the indenter 32 is set as a circular arc The convex surface is the arc convex indenter, which is suitable for thin plates, usually with a thickness of <2mm. At the same time, the two sides of the bottom end of the indenter 32 are set in an arc shape, and the contact area between the indenter and the weld surface can be adjusted by adjusting the diameter of the arc. The working surface is small, so it is mainly used in the welding of thin plates; as shown in Figure 3c and Figure 4, the bottom surface of the indenter is set as an arc concave surface, that is, an arc concave indenter, which is suitable for thick plates, usually with a thickness of > 8mm. The bottom of the indenter is concave to form a cavity, which is used to store excess semi-molten weld metal when the weld reinforcement is large, so it is suitable for welding thick plates.

Specifically, a control mechanism is also connected to the rotating friction device 3; the control mechanism can adjust the position of the rotating friction device 3 and apply a preset pressure. Specifically, as shown in Figure 5, the control mechanism includes The lifting mechanism 35 and the gantry traveling mechanism 36 are provided with a lifting mechanism 35 on the top of the driving mechanism 31, and the lifting mechanism 35 is slidably connected to the gantry traveling mechanism 36, and the lifting mechanism 35 can drive the rotating friction device 3 on the X axis. Move with the position in the Z-axis direction, the gantry traveling mechanism 36 can drive it to move in the Y-axis direction, which can adjust the position of the rotating friction device 3, apply a certain pressure on the pressure head 32 according to actual needs during the welding process, and also Movement of the rotary friction device 3 in the welding direction can be controlled.

At the same time, it can be understood that the laser welding device 1 and the arc welding device 2 are provided with a control device, which is convenient for adjusting their positions and controlling the movement of the two positions along the welding direction during welding. The above-mentioned gantry walking mechanism can be used Or other mechanisms that can control its movement can be obtained from the prior art, and will not be repeated here.

The present invention provides a welding system that eliminates weld reinforcement and undercut defects. By setting the laser welding device 1 and the arc welding device 2 at relatively fixed positions, composite welding is performed on the parts 4 to be welded. The welding process is stable and the welding process is stable. The seam quality is good; by installing a rotating friction device 3 on the side opposite to the welding direction, the pressure head 32 advances along the welding direction, under the action of welding waste heat and friction heat, the weld reinforcement can be eliminated and the softened The weld metal fills the undercut defect of the weld, that is, effectively improves the weld defect during the welding process, reduces the grinding or repair process after welding, has high work efficiency, reduces the scrap rate, and avoids waste; at the same time, it broadens the scope of laser-arc hybrid welding The process window improves the welding quality.

Step 1, at least two parts to be welded 4 are fixedly installed on the workbench, the size of the welding gap between the parts to be welded 4 is adjusted, and the welding direction is defined; specifically, the welding gap is set to 0.3 mm to 2 mm, which can be specifically It is selected according to the material and thickness of the actually processed plate.

In step 2, the laser welding device 1 and the arc welding device 2 are sequentially arranged on the top of the part 4 to be welded along the direction opposite to the welding direction, and the position and welding parameters between the two are adjusted to meet the requirements of the welding process; more preferably Yes, the laser welding device 1 adopts a fiber laser, the maximum power is 10Kw, the laser inclination angle is set to 0°-15°, the angle between the arc welding torch and the workbench is set to 40°-65°, and the distance between the light filaments is set to 2mm ~4mm.

Step 3: Set the rotating friction device 3 on one side of the arc welding device 2 on the top of the part 4 to be welded in the direction opposite to the welding direction, and adjust the position of the rotating friction device 3 so that the pressure head 32 is in contact with the welding seam 5 and maintain a certain pressure on the pressure head during the welding process; more preferably, use the above-mentioned control mechanism to adjust the position of the pressure head 32 and apply a certain pressure to the pressure head, and the rotating friction device 3 moves during welding During the process, the pressure state is maintained on the pressure head 32; specifically, the range of the pressure value is set to 0N-5KN.

Step 4, start the laser welding device 1, the arc welding device 2 and the rotary friction device 3, and start welding to form an initial weld seam. During the process of advancing along the welding direction, the pressure head 32 in the rotary friction device 3 is driven to rotate by the drive mechanism 31. Under the action of welding waste heat and frictional heat, the weld reinforcement is eliminated, and the softened weld metal fills the existing undercut defects, finally forming a smooth weld structure without reinforcement and undercut defects.

On the basis of the above technical solution, in the third step, different shapes of indenters 32 are selected according to the plate thickness of the parts 4 to be welded. Specifically, as shown in Figure 3a, the bottom end surface of the indenter is set as a plane, that is, a flat indenter 321, which is suitable for the butt weld of the plate to be welded with a thickness of 2mm-8mm usually; as shown in Figure 3b, The bottom end surface of the indenter 32 is set as a circular arc convex surface, that is, the arc convex surface indenter 322 is suitable for the butt weld of the thin plate, usually the thickness of the parts 4 to be welded is <2mm, and the two sides of the bottom end are set as arcs, as shown in the figure 3b and FIG. 4b, the radius values of the arcs on both sides of the bottom end of the indenter 32 can be adjusted according to actual needs, and then the contact area between the indenter 32 and the weld 5 can be adjusted to improve the welding quality of the weld 5 and obtain a weld that meets the requirements. As shown in Figure 3c and Figure 4c, the bottom end surface of the indenter 32 is set as an arc concave surface, that is, the arc concave indenter 323, which is suitable for thick plates, usually the butt weld of the parts to be welded 4 with a thickness of > 8mm, When the weld reinforcement is large, the excessively softened weld metal in the semi-melted state is sealed in the groove of the arc concave surface formed by the bottom end surface of the indenter 32, and is reshaped to ensure that the weld meets the use requirements .

Therefore, a welding method for eliminating weld reinforcement and undercut defects provided in the present invention replaces the indenter 32 according to actual welding requirements, has a wide range of applications, and the quality of the obtained weld meets actual use requirements.

The basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments, and without departing from the spirit or fundamentals of the present invention. The present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without any specific features. Accordingly, the embodiments should be regarded in all points of view as exemplary and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes within the meaning and range of equivalents of the elements are embraced in the present invention. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to implementation modes, not each implementation mode only includes an independent technical solution, and this description in the specification is only for clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the specification as a whole , the technical solutions in the various embodiments can also be properly combined to form other implementations that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

A welding system for eliminating weld reinforcement and undercut defects, characterized in that it includes a workbench, a laser welding device (1), an arc welding device (2) and a rotating friction device (3), and the workbench is used for The parts to be welded (4) are fixed and a weld seam (5) is reserved between the parts to be welded (4), and the laser welding device (1), arc welding device (2) and rotating friction device (3) are aligned with the welding The direction opposite to the direction is successively arranged on the top end surface of the parts to be welded (4), and the rotating friction device (3) includes a drive mechanism (31) and a pressure head (32), and the drive mechanism (31) drives the pressure head ( 32) Rotate, one end of the pressure head (32) is fixedly arranged on the output end of the drive mechanism (31), and the other end abuts against the top of the welding seam (5).
A welding system for eliminating weld reinforcement and undercut defects according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser welding device (1) and the arc welding device (2) are relatively fixed in position and move synchronously.
A welding system for eliminating weld reinforcement and undercut defects according to claim 2, characterized in that the laser inclination angle in the laser welding device (1) is set to 0°-15°; the arc welding device (2 ), the angle between the welding torch and the workbench is set to 40°~65°, and the distance between the light wires is set to 2mm~4mm.
The welding system for eliminating weld reinforcement and undercut defects according to claim 1, characterized in that, the bottom surface of the indenter (32) is set as a plane, a convex arc or a concave arc.
A welding system for eliminating weld reinforcement and undercut defects according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of cooling grooves (33) are opened on the outer wall of the pressure head (32).
A welding method using the welding system for eliminating weld reinforcement and undercut defects according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

Step 1, fixing at least two parts to be welded (4) on the workbench, adjusting the size of the welding gap between the parts to be welded (4), and defining the welding direction;

Step 2: Install the laser welding device (1) and the arc welding device (2) on the top of the part to be welded (4) in the direction opposite to the welding direction, and adjust the position between them and the welding parameters to meet the requirements of the welding process. Subject to requirements;

Step 3: Set the rotating friction device (3) on one side of the arc welding device (2) on the top of the part to be welded (4) in the direction opposite to the welding direction, and adjust the position of the rotating friction device (3) so that it The indenter (32) abuts against the top of the weld (5) and maintains a certain pressure on the indenter during the welding process;

Step 4, start the laser welding device (1), arc welding device (2) and rotating friction device (3), and start welding to form an initial weld seam. During the process of advancing along the welding direction, the pressure head ( 32) Driven by the driving mechanism (31), under the action of welding residual heat and frictional heat, the weld reinforcement is eliminated, and the softened weld metal fills the existing undercut defect, finally forming a smooth weld without excess height and undercut defect seam structure.
A welding method for eliminating weld reinforcement and undercut defects according to claim 6, characterized in that in said step 3, indenters (32) of different shapes are selected according to the plate thickness of the parts to be welded (4) .