CN114043092B - Point ring laser and electric arc composite welding method - Google Patents
Point ring laser and electric arc composite welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114043092B CN114043092B CN202111509480.0A CN202111509480A CN114043092B CN 114043092 B CN114043092 B CN 114043092B CN 202111509480 A CN202111509480 A CN 202111509480A CN 114043092 B CN114043092 B CN 114043092B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
Abstract
The invention discloses a spot ring laser and electric arc composite welding method, and belongs to the technical field of laser processing. The invention aims to solve the problems of welding defects of splashing, undercut, welding beading and unfused side edges of the existing laser-electric arc hybrid welding joint. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, processing a groove of a weldment before welding and fixing a tool; secondly, spot ring laser and electric arc composite welding. The invention is used for spot ring laser and electric arc composite welding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser processing.
Background
The range of applications for laser welding techniques has been expanding over the last several decades. The laser welding technology is widely applied to industries such as national defense, ships, aerospace, medical treatment and the like. Along with the continuous improvement of a laser system, the laser power is continuously increased, the beam quality is continuously improved, and the laser welding can realize the rapid welding with large fusion depth and high energy density. Meanwhile, laser welding has a small heat affected zone, good joint quality and easy automation realization, and becomes one of important technical means in the manufacturing field.
Because the laser beam spot size is smaller, the assembly precision requirement of the welding piece is higher, and the assembly process is more complicated. In addition, high-reflectivity materials such as aluminum alloy and the like enable the material to have low absorptivity to laser energy, and have serious welding defects such as air holes and the like. And arc welding and laser welding are combined into an effective means for solving the above-mentioned drawbacks. The laser-arc hybrid welding enhances the absorptivity of materials to laser energy, and the electric arc is more stably burnt due to the attraction and compression of the laser to the electric arc. The laser-electric arc hybrid welding technology is successfully applied to the production fields of ships, automobiles and the like. However, the laser-arc hybrid welding joint still has welding defects such as undercut, welding flash, side unfused and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a spot ring laser and electric arc hybrid welding method, aiming at solving the problems of welding defects of splashing, undercut, welding beading and unfused side edges of the existing laser-electric arc hybrid welding joint.
A spot ring laser and electric arc composite welding method is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, welding a front weldment groove and fixing a tool:
processing a groove at the surface to be welded of the workpieces to be welded, polishing and cleaning the surface to be welded and the groove after processing, and finally jointing and fixing the surfaces to be welded of the two workpieces to be welded;
secondly, spot ring laser and electric arc hybrid welding:
fixing a laser processing head and a welding gun, controlling a laser to emit a point-ring composite beam to be transmitted to the laser processing head, starting an arc, and performing point-ring laser-arc composite welding under the condition that the welding speed is 0.5-2 m/min, namely completing the point-ring laser and arc composite welding method;
the point-ring composite light beam consists of an inner point light and an outer ring light; the point ring laser setting conditions for the point ring laser arc hybrid welding are as follows: the total input power of the point-ring composite light beam is 2000W-5000W, the total input power is the sum of the point light power and the ring light power, and the ring light power accounts for 20% -60% of the total input power;
the arc welding setting conditions of the point-ring arc hybrid welding are as follows: the included angle between the axis of the welding gun and the surface of the workpiece to be welded is 40-60 degrees, and the distance D between the point ring composite beam and the welding wire is arranged along the welding direction 21 mm-2 mm, and the distance D between the lateral point ring composite beam and the welding wire10 mm-2 mm, arc current 100A-180A, arc voltage 17.8V-22.6V, arc length correction coefficient-20%, inductance correction coefficient-10%, and protective airflow rate 10L/min-15L/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method combines spot-ring laser welding and arc welding, and the spot-ring laser inhibits the splashing phenomenon in the welding process, stabilizes the welding process and improves the surface quality of a welding seam; the absorption rate of the material to laser energy under the action of the electric arc is improved, and the laser welding difficulty of the high-reflectivity material is reduced. The laser-arc recombination simultaneously reduces the assembly precision requirement of the weldment.
2. The point-ring laser light source of the method is realized by a two-in-one optical fiber, the two-in-one optical fiber comprises an inner fiber core and an outer ring core, the inner fiber core generates high-quality point light, and the outer ring core generates an auxiliary ring light source to form composite point-ring laser. The power ratio of the point ring laser can be accurately adjusted according to different materials and different joint forms, the reasonable distribution of the energy of the point ring laser is realized, the adaptability of the point ring laser to different welding conditions is improved, and the application field of the laser welding technology is further widened.
3. The special point-ring laser heat source acts on the surface of a material to be welded, the auxiliary annular light source enlarges the size of the key hole inlet, the stability of the key hole is improved in the welding process, metal vapor is facilitated to escape, the welding spatter phenomenon is inhibited, welding defects such as undercut and welding beading are inhibited, the forming quality of the surface of a welding seam is improved, the extra cost caused by reworking and cleaning due to the spatter defects is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
The invention is used for a spot ring laser and electric arc composite welding method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spot-ring laser and arc hybrid welding method according to an embodiment, where 1 is a workpiece to be welded, 2 is a welding direction, 3 is a spot-ring hybrid beam, 4 is an MIG welding gun, and 5 is a welding wire;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-in-one optical fiber according to a second step of the embodiment, in which 1 is an inner core and 2 is an outer ring core;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a spot-ring composite beam according to a second embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spacing between a spot ring composite beam and a wire in accordance with an embodiment, wherein a is a schematic diagram of a spacing between a lateral spot ring composite beam and a wire, and b is a schematic diagram of a spacing between a spot ring composite beam and a wire along a welding direction;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a weld of a welded part after a composite weld according to an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a pictorial view of a cross section of a weld of a welded part after a composite weld of a comparative experiment;
FIG. 7 is a real view of the weld section of the welded part after the second composite welding of the comparative experiment.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the spot ring laser and electric arc hybrid welding method is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, welding a front weldment groove and fixing a tool:
processing a groove at the surface to be welded of the workpieces to be welded, polishing and cleaning the surface to be welded and the groove after processing, and finally jointing and fixing the surfaces to be welded of the two workpieces to be welded;
secondly, spot ring laser and electric arc hybrid welding:
fixing a laser processing head and a welding gun, controlling a laser to emit a point-ring composite beam to be transmitted to the laser processing head, starting an arc, and performing point-ring laser-arc composite welding under the condition that the welding speed is 0.5-2 m/min, namely completing the point-ring laser and arc composite welding method;
the point-ring composite light beam consists of internal point light and external ring light; the point ring laser setting conditions for the point ring laser arc hybrid welding are as follows: the total input power of the point-ring composite light beam is 2000W-5000W, the total input power is the sum of the point light power and the ring light power, and the ring light power accounts for 20% -60% of the total input power;
the arc welding setting conditions of the spot-ring arc hybrid welding are as follows: the included angle between the axis of the welding gun and the surface of the workpiece to be welded is 40-60 degrees, and the distance D between the point ring composite beam and the welding wire is arranged along the welding direction 21 mm-2 mm, and the distance D between the lateral point ring composite beam and the welding wire10 mm-2 mm, arc current 100A-180A, arc voltage 17.8V-22.6V, arc length correction coefficient-20%, inductance correction coefficient-10%, and protective airflow rate 10L/min-15L/min.
The welding wire of the embodiment adopts ER50-6, JS80, DY-YA308 and the like; the diameter of the welding wire is as follows: 0.8mm, 1mm, 1.2mm or 6 mm; the wire feeding speed is 3 mm/s-5.4 mm/s.
Compared with the conventional pure point laser, the point-ring laser is additionally provided with an annular auxiliary light source outside the point laser to obtain a point-ring composite light beam mode. Under the action of point ring laser, the keyhole entrance is enlarged in the welding process, the welding stability is improved, welding spatter is effectively inhibited, and finally a good welding line with high surface quality is obtained. Under the same welding seam quality requirement, the spot ring laser can adopt higher welding speed to complete the welding process, and the production efficiency is improved. The point ring laser technology is combined with the electric arc welding, the quality of the laser-electric arc composite welding line is improved, and the application field of the laser technology is widened.
The embodiment combines the advantages of laser welding and arc welding through laser-arc compounding, increases the penetration, improves the welding speed, improves the gap adaptability and reduces the welding deformation; the keyhole stability in the laser-arc hybrid welding process is improved by using adjustable point ring laser, and the surface quality of a welding seam is improved; and welding defects such as undercut, side wall unfused and the like are inhibited, and finally a high-quality large-penetration welding seam is obtained. The special energy field is generated on the surface of the weldment through the point-ring composite laser, the entrance of the keyhole is enlarged due to the addition of the ring light, the keyhole is more stable in the welding process, and the escape of metal vapor is facilitated. And the accurate adjustment of the light power ratio of the point ring can be realized, the energy of the point ring light can be reasonably distributed and utilized, and the application field of the laser welding technology is widened.
The beneficial effects of the embodiment are as follows:
1. the method combines spot-ring laser welding and arc welding, and the spot-ring laser inhibits the splashing phenomenon in the welding process, stabilizes the welding process and improves the surface quality of a welding seam; the absorption rate of the material to laser energy under the action of the electric arc is improved, and the laser welding difficulty of the high-reflectivity material is reduced. The laser-arc recombination simultaneously reduces the assembly precision requirement of the weldment.
2. The point-ring laser light source of the method of the embodiment is realized by a two-in-one optical fiber, the two-in-one optical fiber comprises an inner fiber core and an outer ring core, the inner fiber core generates high-quality point light, and the outer ring core generates an auxiliary ring light source to form composite point-ring laser. The power ratio of the point ring laser can be accurately adjusted according to different materials and different joint forms, the reasonable distribution of the energy of the point ring laser is realized, the adaptability of the point ring laser to different welding conditions is improved, and the application field of the laser welding technology is further widened.
3. The special point-ring laser heat source acts on the surface of a material to be welded, the auxiliary annular light source enlarges the size of the key hole inlet, the stability of the key hole is improved in the welding process, metal vapor is facilitated to escape, the welding spatter phenomenon is inhibited, welding defects such as undercut and welding beading are inhibited, the forming quality of the surface of a welding seam is improved, the extra cost caused by reworking and cleaning due to the spatter defects is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the groove in the first step is an I-shaped groove, a V-shaped groove or a Y-shaped groove. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: this embodiment is different from the first or second embodiment in that: the material of the workpiece to be welded in the first step is carbon steel, stainless steel or high-strength steel. The other is the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: the workpiece to be welded in the first step is a plate with the thickness of 3-5 mm. The others are the same as in the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the laser in the second step is a solid laser; and the welding gun in the second step is an MIG welding gun. The rest is the same as the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: and the point-ring composite light beam in the second step is directly output through a coaxial single optical fiber, output through a built-in optical fiber coupler of the laser, output through a built-in integrated optical shutter of the laser or output through a two-in-one optical fiber. The rest is the same as the first to fifth embodiments.
The point-ring composite beam described in this embodiment is realized by the following means: (1) the coaxial single optical fiber directly outputs a point ring light source; (2) outputting a point ring light source through a built-in optical fiber coupler of the laser; (3) outputting a point ring light source through a built-in integrated optical gate of the laser; (4) outputting a point-ring light source through the two-in-one optical fiber;
the point-ring composite light beam is realized through two-in-one optical fiber, the two-in-one optical fiber comprises an inner fiber core and an outer ring core, the inner fiber core generates high-quality point light, and the outer ring core generates an auxiliary ring light source to form composite point-ring laser.
The point-ring composite light beam is directly output through the coaxial single optical fiber, and optical devices such as a light gate and a zooming processing head are not needed.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: the two-in-one optical fiber consists of an inner fiber core and an outer ring core, wherein the diameter of the inner fiber core is 100 mu m, the diameter of the outer ring core is 400 mu m, and the width of the outer ring core is 100 mu m. The other is the same as one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: the two-in-one optical fiber consists of an inner fiber core and an outer ring core, and the parameters of the diameter of the inner fiber core multiplied by the diameter of the outer ring core are as follows: 10 μm × 100 μm, 22 μm × 170 μm, 50 μm × 140 μm, 50 μm × 150 μm, 50 μm × 200 μm, 70 μm × 180 μm, 100 μm × 290 μm, 100 μm × 300 μm, 100 μm × 400 μm, or 200 μm × 700 μm. The others are the same as in the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: and in the second step, firstly, controlling the laser to emit point-ring composite light beams for stabilization for 0.5s, and then carrying out arc starting welding. The other points are the same as those in the first to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that: the protective gas in the second step is pure Ar gas or Ar and CO2And (3) mixing the gases. The other points are the same as those in the first to ninth embodiments.
The following examples were employed to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
the first embodiment is described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 4:
a spot ring laser and electric arc composite welding method is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, processing a welding piece groove before welding and fixing a tool:
processing a groove at the surface to be welded of the workpieces to be welded, polishing and cleaning the surface to be welded and the groove after processing, and finally jointing and fixing the surfaces to be welded of the two workpieces to be welded;
secondly, spot ring laser and electric arc hybrid welding:
fixing a laser processing head and a welding gun, controlling a laser to emit a point-ring composite beam to be transmitted to the laser processing head, carrying out arc striking, and carrying out point-ring laser-arc composite welding under the condition that the welding speed is 1m/min to obtain a welded part after composite welding, namely finishing the point-ring laser-arc composite welding method;
the point-ring composite light beam consists of internal point light and external ring light; the point ring laser setting conditions for the point ring laser arc hybrid welding are as follows: the total input power of the point-ring composite light beam is 3000W, the ratio of the point light power to the ring light power is 1:1, namely the point light power is 1500W, and the ring light power is 1500W;
the arc welding setting conditions of the spot-ring arc hybrid welding are as follows: the included angle between the axis of the welding gun and the surface of a workpiece to be welded is 45 degrees, and the distance D between the point ring composite beam and the welding wire is arranged along the welding direction2Is 1mm, and the distance D between the lateral point-ring composite beam and the welding wire11mm, arc current 180A, arc voltage 22.6V, arc length correction coefficient + 10%, inductance correction coefficient + 5%, and protective gas flow rate 15L/min.
The groove in the step one is a Y-shaped groove.
The material of the workpiece to be welded in the first step is Q235 carbon steel.
The workpiece to be welded in the step one is a plate with the thickness of 5 mm.
The laser in the second step is a solid laser; and the welding gun in the second step is an MIG welding gun.
And outputting the point-ring composite light beam in the step two through the two-in-one optical fiber.
The two-in-one optical fiber consists of an inner fiber core and an outer ring core, wherein the diameter of the inner fiber core is 100 mu m, the diameter of the outer ring core is 400 mu m, and the width of the outer ring core is 100 mu m.
And in the second step, firstly, controlling the laser to emit point-ring composite light beams for stabilization for 0.5s, and then carrying out arc starting welding.
The welding wire in the second step is an ER50-6 welding wire, the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2mm, and the wire feeding speed is 5.4 mm/s.
The protective gas is Ar and CO2And (4) mixing the gases.
And in the second step, the welding gun is positioned behind the laser processing head along the welding direction, and the point-ring composite beam is vertical to the surface of the workpiece to be welded.
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a weld of a welded part after composite welding according to an embodiment. It can be seen from the figure that under the condition of reasonable point-to-loop laser power ratio and MIG arc welding parameter setting, the electric arc action increases the laser energy absorption rate of the high-reflection material, reduces the joint assembly precision requirement and increases the welding penetration. The special heat source of point ring light acts on the surface of the material to be welded, the auxiliary ring light source enlarges the size of the key hole inlet, the stability of the key hole is improved in the welding process, the escape of metal vapor is facilitated, the welding spatter phenomenon is inhibited, the welding defects of undercut and welding beading are inhibited, and finally the joint with good welding quality is obtained.
Comparison experiment one: the comparative experiment differs from the example one in that: the total input power of the point-ring composite light beam in the step two is 3750W, the ratio of the point optical power to the ring optical power is 1:2, namely the point optical power is 1250W, and the ring optical power is 2500W; the arc voltage is 16.8V. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a real view of the weld section of a welded part after a composite welding in a comparative experiment. The graph shows that when the power ratio of the point ring is unreasonable, the light power of the point ring is overlarge, so that molten metal drops are recoiled by metal steam to obtain power which is still enough to overcome the surface tension of a molten pool, and the molten metal drops fly out of the molten pool to form welding spatter; in addition, when the arc voltage is small, the molten pool is narrowed, the transitional spreading effect of the arc molten drops is reduced, and the uniformity of welding seams is poor; compared with the conventional laser welding, the method has certain improvement, but the forming quality of the surface of the welding seam is still not ideal.
Comparative experiment two: the comparative experiment differs from the first example in that: controlling the laser to emit spot light laser beams to be transmitted to the laser processing head in the second step; the total input power of the spot light laser beam is 3000W. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a real view of the weld section of the welded part after the second composite welding of the comparative experiment. As can be seen from the figure, when no annular light is used for assistance, the stability of the welding process is poor, welding spatter is difficult to inhibit, the uniformity of the welding seam is low, the defects of undercut, bulge and the like occur in the welding seam, and the quality of the welding seam is deteriorated.
Claims (7)
1. A spot ring laser and electric arc composite welding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, welding a front weldment groove and fixing a tool:
processing a groove at the surface to be welded of the workpieces to be welded, polishing and cleaning the surface to be welded and the groove after processing, and finally jointing and fixing the surfaces to be welded of the two workpieces to be welded;
secondly, spot ring laser and electric arc hybrid welding:
fixing a laser processing head and a welding gun, controlling a laser to emit a point-ring composite beam to be transmitted to the laser processing head, starting an arc, and performing point-ring laser-arc composite welding under the condition that the welding speed is 0.5-2 m/min, namely completing the point-ring laser and arc composite welding method;
the point-ring composite light beam consists of an inner point light and an outer ring light; the point ring laser setting conditions for the point ring laser arc hybrid welding are as follows: the total input power of the point-ring composite light beam is 3000W-5000W, the total input power is the sum of the point optical power and the ring optical power, and the ratio of the point optical power to the ring optical power is 1: 1;
the point-ring composite light beam is output through a two-in-one optical fiber, the two-in-one optical fiber consists of an inner fiber core and an outer ring core, the diameter of the inner fiber core is 100 micrometers, the diameter of the outer ring core is 400 micrometers, and the width of the outer ring core is 100 micrometers;
the point ring laserArc welding setting conditions for arc hybrid welding: the included angle between the axis of the welding gun and the surface of the workpiece to be welded is 40-60 degrees, and the distance D between the point ring composite beam and the welding wire is arranged along the welding direction21 mm-2 mm, and the distance D between the lateral point ring composite beam and the welding wire10 mm-2 mm, arc current 100A-180A, arc voltage 17.8V-22.6V, arc length correction coefficient-20%, inductance correction coefficient-10%, and protective airflow rate 10L/min-15L/min.
2. The spot ring laser and arc hybrid welding method according to claim 1, wherein the groove in the first step is an I-shaped groove, a V-shaped groove or a Y-shaped groove.
3. The spot ring laser and arc hybrid welding method according to claim 1, wherein the material of the workpiece to be welded in the first step is carbon steel, stainless steel or high-strength steel.
4. The spot ring laser and arc hybrid welding method according to claim 1, wherein the workpiece to be welded in the first step is a plate with a thickness of 3mm to 5 mm.
5. The spot ring laser and arc hybrid welding method according to claim 1, wherein said laser in step two is a solid laser; and the welding gun in the second step is an MIG welding gun.
6. The spot-ring laser and arc hybrid welding method as defined in claim 1, wherein in step two, the laser is controlled to emit the spot-ring hybrid beam for 0.5s before arc starting welding.
7. The spot ring laser and arc hybrid welding method according to claim 1, wherein the shielding gas in the second step is pure Ar gas or Ar and CO2And (4) mixing the gases.
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