JP5601003B2 - Laser arc combined welding method and butt welding metal plate groove - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a laser / arc combined welding method and a groove of a metal plate for butt welding, and is particularly suitable for use in welding the metal plate in a state where the grooves of the metal plate are butted together. is there.

In general, without using a backing made of copper, ceramics or flux, the gaps of the metal plates with a thickness of 5 [mm] to 16 [mm] can be connected to each other in one pass and one pool from one side by arc welding. Back wave welding is difficult. In addition, if the backing is used, the cost of the product is increased.
Therefore, by performing hybrid welding combining laser welding using laser light capable of deep penetration welding and arc welding, the grooves of the metal plates having a thickness of 5 [mm] to 16 [mm] can be formed. It is conceivable to perform reverse wave welding with one pass and one pool from one side.

However, for example, when the hybrid welding described above is performed using a solid-state laser having a large output (output of 4 [kW] or more) having a wavelength of about 1 [μm], the back side of the welded portion of the metal plate (irradiate laser light). On the opposite side), an appropriate weld bead is not formed, and a phenomenon occurs in which the molten metal drips in a ball shape. This phenomenon is considered to occur for the following reason. That is, the refractive index in the plume changes because the high-temperature metal vapor (plume) ejected from the keyhole with welding is not constant over time. Thereby, since the laser beam is refracted irregularly in the plume, the laser beam reaches the processing point while fluctuating at high speed. Then, spatter increases and the molten pool vibrates unnecessarily. It is considered that the weld metal droops in a ball shape as described above due to the vibration of the molten pool.
Therefore, when the above-described hybrid welding is performed in a state in which the groove of the metal plate is abutted so that a gap is formed, it is improved that the weld metal droops in a ball shape as described above. As such a technique, a technique described in Patent Document 1 has been proposed.

JP 2004-223543 A

However, the technique described in Patent Document 1 described above requires a step for providing a gap between the grooves of the metal plate. In addition, in that process, the metal plate must be positioned with high accuracy. Therefore, it is also conceivable that after the grooves of the metal plates are abutted against each other, one of the abutted metal plates is pulled back to ensure a certain gap between the grooves of the metal plate. However, the apparatus for doing so becomes large. In addition, it is also possible to improve the drop of the weld metal in a ball shape by reducing the welding speed. However, if it does in this way, welding cannot be performed in a short time, but a fall in welding efficiency is inevitable.
The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and when the metal plates are butted against each other and welded to each other, the molten metal droops in a ball shape from the welded portion. An object of the present invention is to prevent this without applying a large work load, using a large-scale apparatus, or performing a long-time welding operation.

In the laser-arc composite welding method of the present invention, an arrangement step of arranging a metal plate having a thickness of 5 [mm] or more and 16 [mm] or less at a portion to be welded in one pool so that the grooves face each other, A processing gas supply step for supplying a processing gas to a planned welding location of the metal plate, and a welding gas supplied between the planned processing location and the filler material along the longitudinal direction of the butted groove. An arc generation step of performing arc welding on the planned welding location by sequentially generating an arc, and irradiating the planned welding location supplied with the processing gas along the longitudinal direction of the butted groove. A laser irradiation process for performing laser welding on the planned welding location, and at least one of the regions where welding is performed in one pool of the butted grooves, the length of the groove Over the whole direction, The hollow portion and the protruding portion are formed continuously, and the total length of the protruding portions in the thickness direction is 2 [mm] or more, and the plate in the region where welding is performed in the one pool The ratio of the length in the plate thickness direction of the recess to the length in the thickness direction is 0.6 [−] or more, and the disposing step is an opening in which the recess and the protrusion are formed. As for the tip, the metal plate is arranged so that only the front end surface of the protrusion comes into contact with the groove to be abutted against, and when the metal plate is arranged by the arrangement step, the metal plate is opened by the depression. The length of the gap formed between the tips is 0.3 [mm] or more and 2.5 [mm] or less, and the laser irradiation step is performed between the grooves of the metal plate by the recesses. The laser including a surface including a central region of the formed gap and a region where welding is performed in the one pool There the position on the line of intersection between the end on the side to be irradiated, as target position of the laser beam, and irradiating the laser beam, at least one of regions welding 1 pool of pushing together the groove is performed On one side, the recess and the protrusion are formed so that the center region of the groove is recessed and the upper region and the lower region of the center region protrude . It is characterized by.
The groove of the metal plate for butt welding according to the present invention is a groove of a metal plate welded by the laser-arc combined welding method, and a recess and a protrusion are formed over the entire longitudinal direction of the groove. Are each formed continuously.

According to the present invention, at least one of the grooves that are abutted with each other is formed such that the depression and the protrusion are continuously formed over the entire longitudinal direction of the groove. As for the groove in which the portion is formed, only the tip surface of the protruding portion is in contact with the groove to be abutted against, and further, the welding is performed in one pool of the abutted groove A recess portion and a protrusion portion are formed on at least one of the groove portion so that a central region of the groove is recessed and an upper region and a lower region of the central region protrude. To. And on the line of intersection between the surface including the central region of the gap between the grooves formed by the depressions and the end on the laser beam irradiation side of the area where the protrusions and depressions are formed The laser beam is irradiated with the position of the target as the target position. Therefore, the gap between the grooves can be easily ensured only by abutting the grooves of the metal plates, and the effective plate thickness of the metal plate where the laser beam is melted can be easily reduced. Therefore, when welding the metal plate with the groove of the metal plate facing each other, the dripping of the molten metal in a ball shape from the welded part can be a heavy work load, use a large apparatus, It can be prevented without performing time welding work.

It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the 1st example of a structure of the laser arc combined welding apparatus. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the 1st example of a gas shield arc welding torch and a laser welding torch. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the 2nd example of a gas shield arc welding torch and a laser welding torch. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the 3rd example of a gas shield arc welding torch and a laser welding torch. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the 2nd example of a structure of the laser arc composite welding apparatus. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the 4th example of a gas shield arc welding torch and a laser welding torch. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the 3rd example of a structure of the laser arc composite welding apparatus. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the 5th example of a gas shield arc welding torch and a laser welding torch. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the 1st example of the shape of the groove | channel of a metal plate. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the 2nd example of the shape of the groove | channel of a metal plate. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the 1st reference example of the shape of the groove | channel of a metal plate. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the 2nd reference example of the shape of the groove | channel of a metal plate. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the 3rd reference example of the shape of the groove | channel of a metal plate. The embodiment of the present invention is shown, and the results of Examples and Comparative Examples (Examples 1 to 8 , Reference Examples 1 to 4 , and Comparative Examples 1 to 8) in which one pass is welded in one pass and one pool are shown. FIG. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the result of the Example at the time of welding 1 pass by 1 pass 2 pool, and a comparative example (reference examples 5 , 6 and comparative example 9). The embodiment of the present invention is shown, and the results of Examples and Comparative Examples (Examples 15, 16, 18, Reference Example 7 , Comparative Examples 10 and 11) when multi-pass welding is performed in one pass and one pool are shown. FIG. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the shape of the groove | channel in Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the shape of the groove | channel in the comparative examples 1 and 2. FIG. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the shape of the groove | channel in Example 2. FIG. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the shape of the groove | channel in Example 3. FIG. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the shape of the groove | channel in Example 4. FIG. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the shape of the groove | channel in the comparative example 4. FIG. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the shape of the groove | channel in the comparative example 5. FIG. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the shape of the groove | channel in Example 5. FIG. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the shape of the groove | channel in Example 6. FIG. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the shape of the groove | channel in the comparative example 6. FIG. FIG. 8 shows the embodiment of the present invention and is a view showing the shape of a groove in Comparative Example 7. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the shape of the groove | channel in Example 7. FIG. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the shape of the groove | channel in Example 8. FIG. Illustrate embodiments of the present invention, ginseng Reference Example 1-4 is a diagram showing a groove shape in Comparative Example 8. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the shape of the groove | channel in the reference examples 5 and 6 and the comparative example 9. FIG. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the shape of the groove | channel in Example 15. FIG. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the shape of the groove | channel in the comparative examples 10 and 11. FIG. It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the shape of the groove | channel in Example 16. FIG. FIG. 9 shows the embodiment of the present invention and is a diagram showing the shape of a groove in Reference Example 7 . It is a figure which shows embodiment of this invention and shows the shape of the groove | channel in Example 18. FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, in each figure, what attached | subjected the same code | symbol has the same structure, Therefore The detailed description which overlaps is abbreviate | omitted as needed.
[Configuration of welding equipment]
(First example of welding apparatus)
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a first example of the configuration of a laser / arc combined welding apparatus. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, butt welding is performed by butting the grooves of the metal plates. Examples of the case where such welding is performed include a case where a UO steel pipe is formed, a case where plate joining is performed when a ship is manufactured, and a case where butt welding of a steel pipe is performed.

In FIG. 1, the laser / arc combined welding apparatus includes a control device 11, a laser irradiation device 12, a wire supply device 13, and a power source 14.
The control device 11 is for controlling the overall operation of the laser-arc combined welding apparatus, and includes a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, an HDD, and various interfaces. The HDD of the control device 11 stores a computer program that defines an operation for welding the metal plate 15 as described later. Specifically, this computer program is configured to supply the filler wire 17 and the shielding gas by the wire supply device 13 while moving the gas shield arc welding torch 20 of the wire supply device 13 in the welding progress direction, and the laser irradiation device 12. An arc is generated between the filler wire 17 and the metal plate 15 by the operation of supplying the laser beam 16 and the shielding gas (processing gas) by the laser irradiation device 12 while moving the laser welding torch 119 in the welding direction. The operation timing and the operation content of the operation for supplying power to be generated are defined. In the present embodiment, the operation of the laser irradiation device 12, the wire supply device 13, and the power supply 14 is controlled by the CPU executing this computer program.
As shown in FIG. 1, in the first example of the laser / arc combined welding apparatus, the gas shield arc welding torch 20 is preceded and the laser welding torch 19 is followed.

The laser irradiation device 12 includes a laser welding torch 19 and irradiates the laser beam 16 to a planned welding position of the metal plate 15 while moving the laser welding torch 19 at a predetermined speed along the welding progress direction. A solid-state laser such as a YAG laser or a fiber laser can be used as the laser irradiation device 12. However, it is not always necessary to use a solid laser, and a CO ₂ laser or the like may be used. In addition, the laser irradiation device 12 sprays a shielding gas (processing gas) from the laser welding torch 19 to the planned welding location of the metal plate 15 in the direction coaxial with the laser beam 16. This is to suppress a decrease in welding speed. The details of the laser welding torch 19 will be described later (see the description of ((Example of torch))). Further, as a shielding gas (processing gas), an inert gas such as Ar or He, or a gas seal such as CO ₂ , Ar-20% CO ₂ (MAG gas), Ar-2% O ₂ (MIG gas), etc. Use shielding gas for arc welding. When supplying the shielding gas for gas shielded arc welding from the laser welding torch 19, the supply of the shielding gas from the gas shielded arc welding torch 20 can be omitted.

  The wire supply device 13 feeds the filler wire 17 as a filler material to the planned welding position of the metal plate 15 while moving the gas shield arc welding torch 20 at a predetermined speed along the welding progress direction. The wire supply device 13 feeds the filler wire 17 at a predetermined speed so that the filler wire 17 having a predetermined length protrudes from the tip of the gas shield arc welding torch 20. Further, the wire supply device 13 moves the gas shield arc welding torch 20 at a predetermined speed in the welding progress direction while maintaining a certain distance from the laser welding torch 19 that follows in the welding progress direction.

Moreover, the wire supply apparatus 13 sprays shield gas (processing gas) to the welding scheduled location. This is to prevent nitrogen from entering the planned welding location and facilitate arc generation. In practice, an arc is generated between the distal end side of the filler wire 17 and the metal plate 15, but the illustration of the arc is omitted in the drawing for easy understanding.
The power source 14 supplies predetermined direct current or alternating current power between the filler wire 17 and the metal plate 15. This electric power has a magnitude necessary for generating an arc between the filler wire 17 and the metal plate 15.

((First example of torch))
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a first example of the gas shield arc welding torch 20 and the laser welding torch 19. Specifically, FIG. 2 is a view of the gas shield arc welding torch 20 and the laser welding torch 19 as seen from the lateral direction.
As shown in FIG. 2, a condensing lens 21 is arranged inside the laser welding torch 19a, and the laser light 16 oscillated from the laser irradiation device 12 is such that the surface of the metal plate 15 is approximately in the focal position. The light is condensed by the condensing lens 21 and irradiated on the surface of the metal plate 15. The difference between the surface of the metal plate 15 and the focal position of the laser beam 16 is preferably within 5% of the focal length of the laser beam 16. This is because if the surface of the metal plate 15 and the focal position of the laser beam 16 are separated by 5 [%] or more of the focal length of the laser beam 16, the welding ability is remarkably reduced.

Further, compressed air (air) 22 flows into the laser welding torch 19a. This compressed air (air) 22 is called an air knife. The air knife 22 is for preventing sputter particles and fumes scattered from the welded portion from adhering to the condensing optical system such as the condensing lens 21, and in front of the condensing optical system such as the condensing lens 21. It is spouted across.
Further, a center shield nozzle 23 coaxial with the laser beam 16 is provided on the tip side of the laser welding torch 19a. The center shield nozzle 23 is for blowing the supplied shield gas 24 along the optical axis of the laser beam. By providing the center shield nozzle 23, it is possible to suppress the plume from becoming high and to improve the welding speed.
In the first example shown in FIG. 2, the laser welding torch 19a and the gas shield arc welding torch 20 are moved in the welding progress direction at a predetermined speed so as to satisfy all of the following conditions (1) to (4). I will let you.
(1) A laser welding torch 19a and a gas shield arc welding torch 20 so that the laser beam 16 (the optical axis thereof) and the filler wire 17 (the axis thereof) are not shifted left and right as much as possible with respect to the welding progress direction. Keep the posture.
(2) The axis of the gas shield arc welding torch 20 (the axis of the filler wire 17) has a predetermined receding angle α _A (α _A > 0 [°]), and the axis of the laser welding torch 19a (the optical axis of the laser beam 16). However, the postures of the laser welding torch 19a and the gas shield arc welding torch 20 are maintained so as to maintain a predetermined advancing angle α _L (here, α _L = 0 [°]).
(3) The laser-arc distance DM, which is the distance between the target position of the filler wire 17 and the target position of the laser beam 16, is kept constant.
(4) The standoff SF, which is the distance between the front end surface of the laser welding torch 19a and the surface of the metal plate 15, is kept constant.
Here, the receding angle α _A of the gas shield arc welding torch 20 (filler wire 17) can be set to 30 °, for example. The laser-arc distance DM can be set to 3 [mm], for example. Further, the standoff SF can be set to 20 [mm], for example.

By constructing the laser-arc combined welding apparatus as described above and performing hybrid welding, a weld bead 15a is formed at the butt portion 18 of the metal plate 15 where the groove butt (see FIG. 1). In this embodiment, at the time of welding, a predetermined power density [W / mm ² ] is set so that a weld pool having a beam hole (or keyhole) is formed on the metal plate 15 and back wave welding (laser welding) can be performed. The laser beam 16 is moved in the welding progress direction at a predetermined speed. Further, in the present embodiment, a current of a predetermined magnitude is applied between the filler wire 17 and the metal plate 15 so that the gap formed between the grooves of the metal plate 15 that is abutted can be filled with the filler wire 17. While flowing, the filler wire 17 is moved in the welding progress direction at a predetermined speed. In addition, the detail of the clearance gap produced between the groove | channels of the metal plate 15 which faced is mentioned later (refer description of [a structure of a groove | channel]).
((Second example of torch))
FIG. 3 is a view showing a second example of the gas shield arc welding torch 20 and the laser welding torch 19. Specifically, FIG. 3 is a view of the gas shielded arc welding torch 20 and the laser welding torch 19 as seen from the lateral direction.
In the example shown in FIG. 2, the advance angle α _L taken by the axis of the laser welding torch 19a (the optical axis of the laser beam 16) is set to 0 [°]. However, the advance angle α _L may not be 0 [°] as in the example shown in FIG. This advancing angle α _L is preferably as small as possible (close to 0 [°]) within a range in which interference between the gas shield arc welding torch 20 and the laser beam 16 is avoided, for example, 5 [°]. Can be.

((Third example of torch))
FIG. 4 is a view showing a third example of the gas shielded arc welding torch 20 and the laser welding torch 19. Specifically, FIG. 4 is a view of the gas shielded arc welding torch 20 and the laser welding torch 19 as seen from the lateral direction.
In the example shown in FIG. 2, the center shield nozzle 23 is provided on the tip side of the laser welding torch 19a. However, as shown in FIG. 4, the center shield nozzle 23 is not necessarily provided in the laser welding torch 19b. However, in this case, it is necessary to reduce the welding speed as compared with the case where the center shield nozzle 23 is provided. Note that the laser welding torch 19b shown in FIG. 4 also has an arbitrary advance angle α _L within a range in which interference between the gas shield arc welding torch 20 and the laser beam 16 is avoided, as shown in FIG. be able to.

(Second example of welding apparatus)
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a second example of the configuration of the laser-arc combined welding apparatus. In FIG. 5, the laser / arc combined welding apparatus includes a control device 11, a laser irradiation device 12, wire supply devices 13 a and 13 b, and a power source 14.
In the first example of the laser / arc combined welding apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the gas shield arc welding torch 20 is preceded and the laser welding torch 19 is followed. On the other hand, in the second example of the laser / arc combined welding apparatus, the gas shield arc welding torch 50 is further moved after the laser welding torch 19. That is, the wire supply device 13a moves the gas shield arc welding torch 20 at a predetermined speed in the welding progress direction. Further, the laser irradiation device 12 moves the laser welding torch 19 at a predetermined speed in the welding progress direction while maintaining a certain distance from the preceding gas shield arc welding torch 20 in the welding progress direction. Further, the wire supply device 13b moves the gas shield arc welding torch 50 at a predetermined speed in the welding progress direction while maintaining a certain distance from the preceding laser welding torch 19 in the welding progress direction. As the gas shielded arc welding torch 20, 50, the same one can be used.

((4th example of torch))
FIG. 6 is a view showing a fourth example of the gas shielded arc welding torches 20 and 50 and the laser welding torch 19. Specifically, FIG. 6 is a view of the gas shield arc welding torches 20 and 50 and the laser welding torch 19 as seen from the lateral direction.
In the example shown in FIG. 6, as in the example shown in FIG. 2, the axis of the laser welding torch 19a (the optical axis of the laser beam 16) is maintained at 0 [°] as the advance angle α _L , and the gas shield arc The axis of the welding torch 20 (the axis of the filler wire 17a) is maintained at a predetermined receding angle α _A (α _A > 0 [°]). Further, the laser-arc distance DM, which is the distance between the target position of the filler wire 17a and the target position of the laser beam 16, is kept constant. Further, in the example shown in FIG. Is the distance between the target position of the laser beam 16 and the target position of the filler wire 17b while maintaining a predetermined advance angle α _B (α _B > 0 [°]). The gas shield arc welding torch 50 is made to follow the laser welding torch 19a so as to keep the laser-to-arc distance DN constant.

Here, the advance angle α _B of the gas shield arc welding torch 50 (filler wire 17b) can be set to, for example, 15 [°]. Further, as the laser-arc distance DN, there is one molten pool based on laser welding with the laser beam 16 and arc welding with the filler wire 17a (based on hybrid welding) and one molten pool based on arc welding with the filler wire 17b. Ensure a distance that can be avoided. The laser-to-arc distance DN can be set to 10 [mm], for example. Thus, in the example shown in FIG. 6, welding in two pools is performed. Further, the laser welding torch 19a and the gas shield arc welding torch are arranged so that the laser beam 16 (its optical axis) and the filler wires 17a and 17b (its axis) are not shifted from side to side as much as possible with respect to the welding progress direction. Keep 20 postures.
Incidentally, the receding angle α _L of the laser welding torch 19a shown in FIG. 6 may be set to a value other than 0 [°] as shown in FIG. 3, and instead of the laser welding torch 19a, FIG. The laser welding torch 19b shown in FIG.

(Third example of welding apparatus)
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a third example of the configuration of the laser-arc combined welding apparatus. In FIG. 7, the laser / arc combined welding apparatus includes a control device 11, a laser irradiation device 12, a wire supply device 13, and a power source 14.
In the first example of the laser / arc combined welding apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the gas shield arc welding torch 20 is preceded and the laser welding torch 19 is followed. On the other hand, in the third example of the laser / arc combined welding apparatus, the laser welding torch 19 is preceded and the gas shield arc welding torch 20 is followed. That is, the laser irradiation device 12 moves the laser welding torch 19 in the welding progress direction at a predetermined speed. Further, the wire feeding device of the wire supply device 13 moves the gas shield arc welding torch 20 at a predetermined speed in the welding progress direction while maintaining a certain distance from the preceding laser welding torch 19 in the welding progress direction. .

((5th example of torch))
FIG. 8 is a view showing a fifth example of the gas shield arc welding torch 20 and the laser welding torch 19. Specifically, FIG. 8 is a view of the gas shielded arc welding torch 20 and the laser welding torch 19 as seen from the lateral direction.
In the example shown in FIG. 8, the axis of the laser welding torch 19 (optical axis of the laser beam 16) is maintained at 0 [°] as the receding angle α _{L and} the axis of the gas shield arc welding torch 20 (filler wire 17a). Is maintained at a predetermined advancing angle α _A (α _A > 0 [°]). Further, the laser-arc distance DM, which is the distance between the “filler wire 17a and the laser beam 16” at the planned welding location, is kept constant. However, in the example shown in FIG. 8, the laser welding torch 19 precedes and the gas shield arc welding torch 20 follows in the brazing progression direction. Other conditions are the same as in the example shown in FIG.

Incidentally, the advance angle α _B of the laser welding torch 19 shown in FIG. 8 may be set to a value other than 0 [°], and instead of the laser welding torch 19a, the laser welding torch 19b shown in FIG. May be used. Further, the gas shield arc welding torch 50 shown in FIG. In this case, instead of the laser-to-arc distance DN, the distance between the target position of the filler wire 17a by the gas shield arc welding torch 20 and the target position of the filler wire 17b by the gas shield arc welding torch 50 is used. A certain arc-to-arc distance DS is defined.

[Configuration of groove]
Below, the example of a structure of the groove | channel which welds with the laser arc combined welding apparatus mentioned above is shown.
(First example of groove)
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a first example of the shape of the groove of the metal plate 15. Specifically, FIG. 9A is a view of the region in which the grooves of the metal plate 15 face each other as seen from the direction A shown in FIGS. 1, 5, and 7. FIG. 9B is a diagram illustrating an example of a target position of the laser beam 16 with respect to the groove of the metal plate 15 that is abutted. Moreover, FIG.9 (c) is a figure which shows typically an example of a weld bead cross section.

  In the example shown in FIG. 9A, the groove shape of the metal plate 15 is a shape based on an I groove, and a recess is formed in a central portion of this I groove (abutment surface in a normal I groove). The portion and the protruding portion are formed. Specifically, in one groove to be abutted, a central area of the abutting surface in a normal I groove is recessed, and an upper area and a lower area of the central area protrude. The recess 91 and the protrusions 92a and 92b are continuously formed along the longitudinal direction of the groove (the direction C (the plate width direction) in FIG. 9B). Here, the tip surfaces of the protrusions 92a and 92b and the bottom surface of the recess 91 are flat surfaces along the plate thickness direction. Further, the protruding portion 91 and the recessed portion 92 are not formed on the other groove of the metal plate 15 with which the groove is abutted, and the groove becomes a flat plane along the plate thickness direction. (Ie, the same as a normal I groove).

  The total value (= D1 + D2) of the lengths of the protruding portions 92a and 92b in the thickness direction is set to 2 [mm] or more. When this total value (= D1 + D2) is less than 2 [mm], it becomes difficult to form the recess 91 and the protrusions 92a and 92b, and the metal plate 15 that is the counterpart of the abutting is abutted. This is because sometimes the protruding portion 92 is greatly deformed (collapsed), and it becomes difficult to ensure the length D4 of the gap between the butted grooves (depth of the recessed portion 91). Further, the ratio of the length D3 in the plate thickness direction of the recess 91 to the length in the plate thickness direction (here, the plate thickness D5 of the metal plate 15) of the portion welded in one pass and one pool by hybrid welding (= (D3 / D5)) is 0.6 [−] or more. It is because the effect which provided the hollow part 91 cannot be exhibited as this value is less than 0.6.

  Further, the length D4 of the gap between the butted grooves (depth of the hollow portion 91) is 0.3 [mm] or more and 2.5 [mm] or less, preferably 0.5 [mm]. Above, it should be 2.0 [mm] or less. When the length D4 of the gap between the butted grooves (depth of the hollow portion 91) is less than 0.5 [mm], the molten metal drips down in a ball shape and forms an appropriate weld bead. This is because, when the gap (depth of the recess 91) D4 between the butted grooves is less than 0.3 [mm], the tendency becomes more prominent. On the other hand, when the length D4 of the gap between the butted grooves (depth of the hollow portion 91) exceeds 1.5 [mm], the groove 96 is displaced when a target position 96 of the laser beam 16 described later is displaced. If the length D4 of the gap between the butted grooves (depth of the hollow portion 91) exceeds 2.0 [mm], the tendency becomes more prominent. Because it becomes.

  Further, the length in the plate thickness direction (here, the plate thickness D5 of the metal plate 15) of the portion welded in one pass and one pool by hybrid welding is set to 5 [mm] or more and 16 [mm] or less. If the length in the thickness direction (thickness D5 of the metal plate 15) of the portion welded in one pool by hybrid welding is less than 5 mm, the cost for machining the groove increases. This is because the molten metal does not sag and a suitable weld bead can often be formed without forming the recess 91 and the protrusions 92a and 92b as shown in FIG. On the other hand, if the length (thickness D5 of the metal plate 15) of the portion welded in one pool by hybrid welding exceeds 16 [mm], the amount of molten metal formed by welding increases. This is because the molten metal may sag in a ball shape by its own weight.

In the example shown in FIG. 9, the grooves of the metal plate 15 having the above-described shape (the protrusion surfaces 92a and 92b of one groove and the surface of the other groove) protrude so that there is no gap. After the combined state, welding is performed in one pass and one pool by a laser / arc combined welding apparatus.
At this time, as shown in FIG. 9B, the surface 95 including the central region of the gap between the grooves formed by the recess 91 is welded in one pool by hybrid welding (the protrusion 92 and the recess). The position on the intersection line 96 with the end of the region where the portion 91 is formed) on the side irradiated with the laser light 16 is set as a target position of the laser light 16. That is, the laser beam 16 is irradiated so that the optical axis of the laser beam 16 matches the target position. As described above, in the example shown in FIG. 9, the welding progress direction is the direction of the intersection line 96, and the intersection line 96 is included in the planned welding location. Even if the target position 96 is set and the laser beam 16 is irradiated in this way, the optical axis of the laser beam 16 may be shifted in the plate surface direction of the metal plate 15 (direction B in FIG. 9B). . In the present embodiment, it is assumed that a deviation of ± 1.0 [mm] is allowed with this target position as the center. This is because if the optical axis of the laser beam 16 is deviated from this, the effect of reducing the effective plate thickness of the metal plate 15 to which the laser beam 16 is melted by the recess 91 is reduced.

Here, the beam diameter (condensed diameter) of the laser beam 16 is 0.2 [mm] or more and 1.0 [mm] or less, preferably 0.4 [mm] or more and 1.0 [mm] or less. To be. If the beam diameter of the laser beam 16 is less than 0.4 [mm], the groove surface having the gap formed by the recess 71 may not be melted, and the beam diameter of the laser beam 16 is further reduced. This is because this tendency becomes remarkable when the thickness is less than 0.2 [mm]. On the other hand, if the beam diameter of the laser beam 16 exceeds 1.0 [mm], the power density necessary for welding the metal plate 15 may not be ensured. By the way, when sufficient molten metal is supplied by arc as in laser / arc combined welding, even if the gap between the butted grooves is larger than the beam diameter, the molten metal around the beam hole is The groove surface can be melted by the flow.
In the example shown in FIG. 9, the target position of the filler wire 17 (arc) is also a position on the intersection line 96 shown in FIG. 9B. However, the target position of the filler wire 17 (arc) is not necessarily the same as the target position of the laser beam 16.
As described above, when welding is performed in one pass by the above-described laser / arc combined welding apparatus with the target position as the intersection line 96, a weld bead 77 as shown in FIG. 9C is formed.

(Second example of groove)
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a second example of the shape of the groove of the metal plate 15. Specifically, FIG. 10A is a view of the region in which the grooves of the metal plate 15 face each other, as viewed from the direction A shown in FIGS. 1, 5, and 7. FIG. 10B is a diagram illustrating an example of a target position of the laser beam 16 with respect to the groove of the metal plate 15 that is abutted. FIG. 10C is a diagram schematically showing an example of a weld bead.

  The groove shown in FIG. 10 is a shape in which the groove shape of the metal plate 15 is based on the X groove, and a recess portion and a central portion of this X groove (abutting surface in the normal X groove) The protrusion is formed. In the example shown in FIG. 10, the depressions 102 and 103 and the protrusions 104a, 104b, 105a, and 105b are formed in both the grooves to be abutted. That is, the depressions 102 and 103 and the protrusions 104a, 104b, 105a, and 105b are formed so that the center area of the butting surface in the normal X groove is depressed and the upper area and the lower area protrude. Are continuously formed along the longitudinal direction of the groove (the C direction in FIG. 10B). Here, the tip surfaces of the protrusions 104a, 104b, 105a, and 105b and the bottom surfaces of the recesses 102 and 103 are flat surfaces along the plate thickness direction, respectively. In addition, the upper and lower regions of the butted surface in the X groove are inclined at an inclination angle θ [°] with respect to the plate thickness direction, similarly to the normal X groove. This inclination angle θ [°] is, for example, 40 [°].

The total value (= D11 + D12) of the lengths in the plate thickness direction of the protrusions 104a and 104b (105a and 105b) is set to 2 [mm] or more. Further, the ratio of the length D13 in the thickness direction of the depressions 102 and 103 to the length D14 in the thickness direction of the portion to be welded in one pass by hybrid welding (abutting surface of the metal plate 15) (= (D13 / D14 )) Is 0.6 [−] or more.
Further, the length D18 of the gap between the butted grooves (the total depth of the recesses 102 and 103) is 0.3 [mm] or more and 2.5 [mm] or less, preferably 0. 5 [mm] or more and 2.0 [mm] or less.
Further, the length D14 in the plate thickness direction of the portion (butting surface of the metal plate 15) welded in one pool by hybrid welding is set to 5 [mm] or more and 16 [mm] or less.
The reason for the above is as described in the first example. In the second example, if the length in the thickness direction of the portion welded in one pool by hybrid welding is 16 [mm] or less, the thickness D15 of the metal plate 15 exceeds 16 [mm]. Also good.

In the example shown in FIG. 10, the grooves of the metal plate 15 having the above-described shape (the tip surfaces of the projections 104a and 104b on one groove and the tip surfaces of the projections 105a and 105b on the other groove) are formed. In addition, welding is performed by a laser / arc combined welding apparatus after being brought into contact with each other so that there is no gap.
At this time, also in the second example, similarly to the first example, the surface 106 including the central region of the gap between the grooves formed by the depressions 102 and 103 is welded in one pool by hybrid welding. The position of the region (where the protrusions 104 and 105 and the depressions 102 and 103 are formed) on the intersection line 107 with the end on the side irradiated with the laser light 16 is the target position of the laser light 16. . Similarly to the first example, a deviation of ± 1.0 [mm] around the target position is allowed. Further, as in the first example, the beam diameter (condensed diameter) of the laser light 16 is 0.2 [mm] or more and 1.0 [mm] or less, preferably 0.4 [mm] or more, It should be 1.0 [mm] or less.

  As described above, when hybrid welding is performed in one pass and one pool by the laser / arc combined welding apparatus with the target position as the intersection line 107, a weld bead 108a as shown in FIG. 10C is formed. Thereafter, when the upper and lower portions of the groove are finished and welded in one pass, weld beads 108b and 108c are formed. As described above, also in the second example, as in the first example, the protrusions 104 and 105 and the dent satisfying the above-described conditions for the region welded in one pool in the groove of the metal plate 15. The parts 102 and 103 are formed.

(First reference example of the groove)
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a first reference example of the shape of the groove of the metal plate 15. Specifically, FIG. 11A is a view of the region in which the grooves of the metal plate 15 face each other, as viewed from the direction A shown in FIGS. 1, 5, and 7. FIG. 11B is a diagram illustrating an example of a target position of the laser beam 16 with respect to the groove of the metal plate 15 that is abutted. FIG. 11C is a diagram schematically showing an example of a weld bead.

  The groove shown in FIG. 11 is a shape in which the groove shape of the metal plate 15 is based on a Y groove, and a recess portion and a central portion of this Y groove (abutting surface in a normal Y groove) The protrusion is formed. In the example shown in FIG. 11, the depressions 112 and 113 and the protrusions 114 and 115 are formed in both the grooves to be abutted. That is, the depressions 112 and 113 and the projections 114 and 115 are in the longitudinal direction of the groove so that the upper area of the butted surface in the normal Y groove is depressed and the lower area protrudes. It is made to form continuously along (C direction of FIG.11 (b)). Here, the front end surfaces of the protrusions 114 and 115 and the bottom surfaces of the recesses 112 and 113 are flat surfaces along the plate thickness direction, respectively. In addition, the area | region on the butt | matching surface in Y groove | channel is inclined by inclination | tilt angle (theta) 1 [degree] with respect to the plate | board thickness direction similarly to the normal Y groove. The total value θ (θ1 + θ1) [°] of the inclination angle θ1 [°] is, for example, 45 [°].

The total value (= D21) of the lengths of the protrusions 114 (115) in the thickness direction is set to 2 [mm] or more. Further, the ratio of the length D23 in the thickness direction of the depressions 112 and 113 to the length D24 in the thickness direction of the portion (abutting surface of the metal plate 15) welded in one pool by hybrid welding (= (D23 / D24 )) Is 0.6 [−] or more.
The length D28 of the gap between the butted grooves (the total depth of the depressions 112 and 113) is 0.3 [mm] or more and 2.5 [mm] or less, preferably 0. 5 [mm] or more and 2.0 [mm] or less.
In addition, the length D24 in the thickness direction of the portion to be welded in one pool by hybrid welding (butting surface of the metal plate 15) is 5 [mm] or more and 16 [mm] or less.
The reason for the above is as described in the first example. In the first reference example, if the length in the thickness direction of the portion welded in one pool by hybrid welding is 16 [mm] or less, the thickness D25 of the metal plate 15 exceeds 16 [mm]. May be.

In the example shown in FIG. 11, there is no gap between the grooves of the metal plate 15 having the above-described shape (the front end surface of the protrusion portion 114 of one groove and the front end surface of the protrusion portion 115 of the other groove). Then, welding is performed by a laser / arc combined welding apparatus.
At this time, in the first reference example, as in the first example, the surface 116 including the central region of the gap between the formed by recesses 112 and 113 groove, welding 1 Pool by hybrid welding The position on the intersection line 117 with the end portion on the side irradiated with the laser beam 16 of the region to be projected (region where the protrusions 114 and 115 and the depressions 112 and 113 are formed) is the target position of the laser beam 16 And Similarly to the first example, a deviation of ± 1.0 [mm] around the target position is allowed. Further, as in the first example, the beam diameter (condensed diameter) of the laser light 16 is 0.2 [mm] or more and 1.0 [mm] or less, preferably 0.4 [mm] or more, It should be 1.0 [mm] or less.

As described above, when welding is performed in one pool by the above-described laser / arc combined welding apparatus with the target position as the intersection line 117, a weld bead 118a as shown in FIG. 11C is formed. Thereafter, when the upper part of the groove is subjected to finish welding in one pass, a weld bead 118b is formed. As described above, in the first reference example, similarly to the first, second example, among the groove of the metal plate 15, for a region to be welded in one pool, satisfies protrusion 114 described above 115 and depressions 112 and 113 are formed.

( Second reference example of groove)
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a second reference example of the shape of the groove of the metal plate 15. Specifically, FIG. 12A is a view of the region in which the grooves of the metal plate 15 face each other, as viewed from the direction A shown in FIGS. 1, 5, and 7. FIG. 12B is a diagram illustrating an example of a target position of the laser beam 16 with respect to the groove of the metal plate 15 that is abutted. FIG. 12C is a diagram schematically showing an example of a weld bead.

  The groove shown in FIG. 12 is a shape in which the groove shape of the metal plate 15 is based on an I groove, and a recess and a protrusion are formed on this I groove (abutment surface in a normal I groove). Try to form. In the example shown in FIG. 12, the depressions 122 and 123 and the protrusions 124 and 125 are formed in both the grooves to be abutted. That is, the recesses 122 and 123 and the protrusions 124 and 125 are respectively in the longitudinal direction of the groove so that the upper region of the butted surface in the normal I groove protrudes and the lower region is recessed (see FIG. 12 (b) in the C direction). Here, the tip surfaces of the protrusions 124 and 125 and the bottom surfaces of the recesses 122 and 123 are flat surfaces along the plate thickness direction, respectively.

The total value (= D31) of the lengths in the plate thickness direction of the protrusions 124 (125) is set to 2 [mm] or more. Further, the ratio of the length D23 in the thickness direction of the recesses 122 and 123 to the length in the thickness direction (the thickness D35 of the metal plate 15) of the portion welded in one pool by hybrid welding (= (D33 / D35 )) Is 0.6 [−] or more.
The length D38 of the gap between the butted grooves (the total depth of the recesses 122 and 123) is 0.3 [mm] or more and 2.5 [mm] or less, preferably 0. 5 [mm] or more and 2.0 [mm] or less.
Further, the plate thickness D35 of the metal plate 15 is set to 5 [mm] or more and 16 [mm] or less.
The reason for the above is as described in the first example.

In the second reference example, there is no gap between the grooves of the metal plate 15 having the above-described shape (the front end surface of the protrusion portion 124 of one groove and the front end surface of the protrusion portion 125 of the other groove). Then, hybrid welding is performed by a laser / arc combined welding apparatus.
At this time, also in the second reference example, as in the first example, the surface 126 including the central region of the gap between the grooves formed by the recess portions 122 and 123 is welded in one pool by hybrid welding. The position on the intersection line 127 with the end portion on the side irradiated with the laser beam 16 of the region to be projected (the region where the protrusions 124 and 125 and the depressions 122 and 123 are formed) is the target position of the laser beam 16 And Similarly to the first example, a deviation of ± 1.0 [mm] around the target position is allowed. Further, as in the first example, the beam diameter (condensed diameter) of the laser light 16 is 0.2 [mm] or more and 1.0 [mm] or less, preferably 0.4 [mm] or more, It should be 1.0 [mm] or less.

As described above, when welding is performed in one pass and one pool with the above-described laser / arc combined welding apparatus with the target position as the intersection line 127, a weld bead 128 as shown in FIG. 12C is formed. As described above, also in the second reference example, as in the first to second examples and the first reference example, the region welded in one pool in the groove of the metal plate 15 is described above. The projecting portions 124 and 125 satisfying the conditions and the recessed portions 122 and 123 are formed.

( Third reference example of groove)
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a third reference example of the shape of the groove of the metal plate 15. Specifically, FIG. 13A is a view of the region in which the grooves of the metal plate 15 face each other, as viewed from the direction A shown in FIGS. 1, 5, and 7. FIG. 13B is a diagram illustrating an example of a target position of the laser light 16 with respect to the groove of the metal plate 15 that is abutted. FIG. 13C is a diagram schematically showing an example of a weld bead.

  The groove shown in FIG. 13 is a shape in which the groove shape of the metal plate 15 is based on an I groove, and a recess and a protrusion are formed on this I groove (abutment surface in a normal I groove). Try to form. In the example shown in FIG. 13, the recessed portions 132 and 133 and the protruding portions 134 and 135 are formed in both the grooves to be faced. In other words, the recesses 132 and 133 and the protrusions 134 and 135 are formed in the longitudinal direction of the groove (see FIG. 2) so that the lower region of the butted surface of the normal I groove protrudes and the upper region is recessed. 13 (b) in the C direction). Here, the front end surfaces of the protrusions 134 and 135 and the bottom surfaces of the recesses 132 and 133 are flat surfaces along the plate thickness direction, respectively.

The total value (= D41) of the lengths in the plate thickness direction of the protrusions 134 (135) is set to be 2 [mm] or more. Further, the ratio of the length D43 in the plate thickness direction of the recesses 132 and 133 to the length in the plate thickness direction of the portion to be welded in one pass by hybrid welding (here, the plate thickness D45 of the metal plate 15) (= (D43 / D45)) is 0.6 [−] or more.
The length D48 of the gap between the butted grooves (the total depth of the recesses 132 and 133) is 0.3 [mm] or more and 2.5 [mm] or less, preferably 0. 5 [mm] or more and 2.0 [mm] or less.
The plate thickness D45 of the metal plate 15 is set to 5 [mm] or more and 16 [mm] or less.
The reason for the above is as described in the first example.

In the third reference example, there is no gap between the grooves of the metal plate 15 having the shape as described above (the front end surface of the protrusion portion 134 of one groove and the front end surface of the protrusion portion 135 of the other groove). Then, hybrid welding is performed by a laser / arc combined welding apparatus.
At this time, also in the third reference example, similarly to the first example, the surface 136 including the central region of the gap between the grooves formed by the depressions 132 and 123 is welded in one pool by hybrid welding. The position on the intersection line 137 with the end portion on the side irradiated with the laser beam 16 of the region to be projected (the region where the protrusions 134 and 135 and the depressions 132 and 133 are formed) is the target position of the laser beam 16 And Similarly to the first example, a deviation of ± 1.0 [mm] around the target position is allowed. Further, as in the first example, the beam diameter (condensed diameter) of the laser light 16 is 0.2 [mm] or more and 1.0 [mm] or less, preferably 0.4 [mm] or more, It should be 1.0 [mm] or less.

As described above, when welding is performed in one pool by the laser / arc combined welding apparatus with the target position as the intersection line 137, a weld bead 138 as shown in FIG. 13C is formed. As described above, in the third reference example, as in the first to second examples and the first and second reference examples, the groove of the metal plate 15 is welded to the region welded in one pool. The protrusions 134 and 135 and the depressions 132 and 133 that satisfy the above-described conditions are formed.

The shape of the groove of the metal plate 15 is not limited to those shown in the first to second examples and the first to third reference examples. That is, at least one of the grooves that are abutted with each other is formed such that a recess and a protrusion are continuously formed over the entire longitudinal direction of the groove, and the recess and the protrusion are As for the formed groove, if only the tip surface of the protruding portion is in contact with the groove to be abutted against (the gap is 0), the shape of the groove of the metal plate is It is not limited to what was shown to the 1st- 2nd example and the 1st- 3rd reference example (refer FIG.28, FIG.29, FIG.31 (b) mentioned later, FIG.34-36 etc.).

[Example]
Next, examples of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the results of Examples and Comparative Examples (Examples 1 to 8 , Reference Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8) in which 1 pass is welded in 1 pass and 1 pool, FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the results of Examples and Comparative Examples (Reference Examples 5 and 6 and Comparative Example 9) in which one pass and two pools are welded, and FIG. 16 shows one pass and one pool. It is a figure which shows the result of the Example at the time of performing multipass welding, and a comparative example (Examples 15, 16, 18, Reference Example 7 , Comparative Examples 10, 11). In each example , reference example, and comparative example, tests were performed under the following conditions. Other conditions are shown in FIGS. 14 to 16 and in the description of each example.

・ Metal plate; SM490 (JIS G 3106)
-Arc welding; MAG welding-MAG conditions;
Shield gas: Ar-20 [volume%] CO ₂ (flow rate: 15 [L / min])
・ Wire; YGW-11 (φ1.2 [mm])
・ Extrusion: 15 [mm]
・ Laser conditions ・ Fiber laser ・ Focus position: Steel plate surface ・ Coaxial center shield; Ar (flow velocity: 50 [L / min])
・ Laser beam irradiation angle: perpendicular to steel plate surface (advance angle / reverse angle α _L = 0 [°])
・ Standoff: 20 [mm]

  14 to 16, “hybrid condition” indicates the arrangement of the laser welding torch 19 and the gas shield arc welding torches 20 and 50. The notation “AL” indicates that the gas shield arc welding torch 20 is preceded and the laser welding torch 19a is followed as shown in FIG. The notation “LA” indicates that the laser welding torch 19a is preceded and the gas shield arc welding torch 20 is followed as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, “ALA” is written as follows: the gas shield arc welding torch 20 is advanced, the laser welding torch 19 a is followed, and the laser welding torch 19 a is gas shielded arc welded. Indicates that the torch 50 is to be followed. As described as a modified example of FIG. 6, “LAA” is described as follows: the laser welding torch 19 a is preceded, the gas shield arc welding torch 20 is followed, and the gas shield arc welding torch 20 is It shows that the gas shielded arc welding torch 50 is moved backward. The numbers described after “AL”, “LA”, “ALA”, and “LAA” indicate the laser-arc distance DM.

“Hybrid welding target plate thickness” means the length in the plate thickness direction of the portion to be welded in one pool by hybrid welding (for example, D5 in FIG. 9, D14 in FIG. 10, D24 in FIG. 11, D35 in FIG. 12, It is D45) of FIG.
The “height” of the “void” is the length in the thickness direction of the hollow (for example, D3 in FIG. 9, D13 in FIG. 10, D23 in FIG. 11, D33 in FIG. 12, D43 in FIG. 13). is there.
The “width” of the “void” is the length of the gap between the butted grooves (for example, D4 in FIG. 9, D18 in FIG. 10, D28 in FIG. 11, D38 in FIG. 12, D48 in FIG. 13). ).
“Void height ratio” refers to the ratio of the length in the thickness direction of the hollow portion to the length in the thickness direction of the portion welded in one pool by hybrid welding (for example, D3 / D5 in FIG. 9, FIG. 10 D13 / D14, FIG. 11 D23 / D24, FIG. 12 D33 / D35, and FIG. 13 D43 / D45).

“Abutting part total height” means the total value of the lengths of the protruding parts in the plate thickness direction (for example, D1 + D2 in FIG. 9, D11 + D12 in FIG. 10, D21 in FIG. 11, D31 in FIG. 12, D43 in FIG. 13). ).
The “arc angle” is an angle formed between the direction of the axis of the gas shield arc welding torch 20 (the axis of the filler wire 17a) and the direction perpendicular to the plate surface of the steel plate (= advance angle / retreat angle α _A ). .

Example 1
FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a groove shape in the first embodiment. Specifically, FIG. 17A is a diagram illustrating a state before the grooves of the metal plates are butted together, and FIG. 17B is a diagram illustrating a state where the grooves of the metal plates are butted together. . Note that the numbers (without units) shown in FIG. 17 indicate the dimensions of each part in units of millimeters. In addition, a position indicated by a downward arrow shown in FIG. 17A is a target position of the laser beam and the filler wire, and this target position corresponds to the target position 96 shown in FIG. In each figure after FIG. 17, the unitless numbers indicate the dimensions of each part in millimeters, and the positions indicated by the downward arrows indicate the target positions of the laser beam and the wire. is there.
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, using the laser / arc combined welding apparatus shown in FIG. 1, the gas shield arc welding torch 20 is preceded and the laser welding torch 19a is followed, and FIG. A metal plate having a groove as shown in 1 was welded in one pass. As shown in the column of Example 1 in FIG. 14, in this example, good back wave welding was achieved over the entire groove.

(Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3)
FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the shape of the groove in Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Specifically, FIG. 18A is a diagram illustrating a state in which the groove of the metal plate is abutted in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and FIG. 18B is a groove of the metal plate in Comparative Example 3. It is a figure which shows the state which faced each other.
In Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the I groove is brought into contact (matched with a gap 0). As shown in the columns of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in FIG. 14, when both the grooves of the metal plate are I grooves and the grooves are brought into contact with each other, even if the arc current is reduced, the ball is removed from the welded portion. It was not possible to prevent the molten metal from dripping down.

  In Comparative Example 3, the I groove is abutted to aim at a gap of 1.0 [mm]. However, since the groove of the metal plate is not completely flat, there are a portion where the gap is narrower than 1.0 mm and a wide portion in the longitudinal direction of the groove (in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface). . As shown in the welding result of Comparative Example 3 in FIG. 14, in the portion where the gap was formed properly, good back wave welding was performed, but the portion where the gap was (extremely) narrower than 1.0 [mm]. Then, the molten metal dripped down in a ball shape, and the amount of filler metal was insufficient and underfill occurred in a portion where the gap was (extremely) wider than 1.0 [mm]. As described above, when the two metal plates are abutted so as to have a gap, the relative positional relationship between the two metal plates cannot be determined. In order to abut the metal plates, the welding efficiency must be reduced.

(Examples 2 to 4)
FIGS. 19-21 is a figure which shows the shape of the groove | channel in Examples 2-4, respectively. Specifically, FIG. (A) is a diagram showing a state before the grooves of the metal plates are butted together, and FIG. (B) is a diagram showing a state where the grooves of the metal plates are butted together.
Examples 2-4 differ from Example 1 in the shape of the groove (width of the gap (D4 in FIG. 9)).

(Comparative Examples 4 and 5)
22 and 23 are diagrams showing the shape of the groove in Comparative Examples 4 and 5, respectively. Specifically, FIG. (A) is a diagram showing a state before the grooves of the metal plates are butted together, and FIG. (B) is a diagram showing a state where the grooves of the metal plates are butted together.
In Comparative Examples 4 and 5, the groove shape (width of the gap (D4 in FIG. 9)) is changed from that in Example 1. As shown in the column of Comparative Example 4 in FIG. 14, when the width of the gap (D4 in FIG. 9) was 2 [mm], the gap was too wide and a part of the groove was left unwelded. . Further, as shown in the column of Comparative Example 5 in FIG. 14, when the width of the gap (D4 in FIG. 9) is set to 0.2 [mm], an effect due to the effect of substantially forming the gap can be obtained. Therefore, it was not possible to avoid the molten metal dripping from the welded portion in a ball shape.
As shown in the columns of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5 in FIG. 14, when the width of the gap (D4 in FIG. 9) is 0.3 [mm] or more and 2.5 [mm] or less, It can be seen that good backside welding can be achieved over the entire groove.

(Examples 5 and 6)
FIG. 24 and FIG. 25 are diagrams showing groove shapes in Examples 5 and 6, respectively. Specifically, FIG. (A) is a diagram showing a state before the grooves of the metal plates are butted together, and FIG. (B) is a diagram showing a state where the grooves of the metal plates are butted together.
In Examples 5 and 6, the shape of the groove (the total height of the abutting portion (D1 + D2 in FIG. 9)) is changed from that in Example 1.
(Comparative Examples 6 and 7)
FIG. 26 and FIG. 27 are diagrams showing groove shapes in comparative examples 6 and 7, respectively. Specifically, FIG. (A) is a diagram showing a state before the grooves of the metal plates are butted together, and FIG. (B) is a diagram showing a state where the grooves of the metal plates are butted together.
In Comparative Examples 6 and 7, the shape of the groove (the total height of the abutting portion (D1 + D2 in FIG. 9)) is changed from that in Example 1.

As shown in the column of Comparative Example 6 in FIG. 14, when the void height ratio (D3 / D5 in FIG. 9) is 0.5, the molten pool is not sufficiently retained on the back surface of the weld bead, resulting in a ball shape. Molten metal dripped. Moreover, as shown in the column of Comparative Example 7 in FIG. 14, when the abutting portion total height is 1 [mm], the protruding portion is crushed and a stable gap is formed when the metal plate is abutted. The welding quality became unstable.
As shown in the columns of Examples 1, 5, 6 and Comparative Examples 6 and 7 in FIG. 14, the total height of the abutting portion (D1 + D2 in FIG. 9) is 2 [mm] or more, and the gap height ratio ( When D3 / D5) in FIG. 9 is set to 0.6 [−] or more, it can be seen that good reverse wave welding can be performed over the entire groove.

(Examples 7 and 8)
FIG. 28 and FIG. 29 are diagrams showing groove shapes in Examples 7 and 8, respectively. Specifically, FIG. (A) is a diagram showing a state before the grooves of the metal plates are abutted against each other, and FIG. (B) is a diagram showing a state where the grooves of the metal plates are abutted with each other. (C) is a figure which expands and shows a part of groove | channel.
In this embodiment, the same groove processing is applied to the two metal plates, and when the two metal plates are brought into contact with each other, the groove portion has the same shape as that of the first embodiment. However, as shown in FIG. 28 (c) and FIG. 29 (c), the bottom end of the recess is curved. In the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the laser-arc combined welding apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is used to precede the gas shield arc welding torch 20 as shown in FIG. 19 was followed and the metal plate was welded by 1 pass 1 pool.
As shown in the columns of Examples 7 and 8 in FIG. 14, even when a recess and a protrusion were formed on each of the metal plates to be abutted with each other, good back surface welding could be performed over the entire groove.

Figure 30 is a ginseng Reference Example 1-4 is a diagram showing a groove shape in Comparative Example 8. In FIG. 30, the state which faced | matched the groove | channels of the metal plate is shown.
(Ref Reference Example 1, 2)
In Reference Example 1 , using the laser / arc combined welding apparatus shown in FIG. 7, the laser welding torch 19a is preceded and the gas shield arc welding torch 20 is followed as shown in FIG. A metal plate having a groove as shown in 1 was welded in one pass and one pool. Further, in Reference Example 2 , using the laser / arc combined welding apparatus shown in FIG. 1, as shown in FIG. 2, the gas shield arc welding torch 20 is preceded and the laser welding torch 19 is followed, A metal plate having a groove as shown in FIG. 13 was welded in a one-pass pool. As shown in ginseng Reference Example 1, 2 column 14, even one point the number of Tsukiawasaru protrusions may form a certain gap by contact with the protruding portion, open Good back wave welding was achieved over the entire tip.

(Reference Examples 3 and 4 and Comparative Example 8)
In Reference Examples 3 and 4 and Comparative Example 8, as shown in FIG. 2, using the laser / arc combined welding apparatus shown in FIG. A metal plate having a groove as shown in FIG. 13 was welded in one pass and one pool. As shown in the columns of Reference Examples 3 and 4 and Comparative Example 8 in FIG. 14, when the plate thickness of the hybrid welding target part (D45 in FIG. 13) is 5 [mm] or more and 16 [mm] or less, the entire groove is covered. Good back wave welding was achieved.

(Reference Examples 5 and 6, Comparative Example 9)
FIG. 31 is a diagram showing groove shapes in Reference Examples 5 and 6 and Comparative Example 9. In FIG. 31, the state which faced | matched the groove | channels of the metal plate is shown. In FIG. 31, the numbers with the unit of ° indicate the angles.
When the metal plate is thick (the plate thickness exceeds 16 [mm]), when welding is performed in one pass and one pool downward from one side, the molten metal drips down from the melted portion into a ball shape by its own weight. Therefore, in Reference Examples 5 and 6 , welding is performed in two pools downward from one side.

In Reference Example 5 , using the combined laser and arc welding apparatus shown in FIG. 5, as shown in FIG. 6, the gas shield arc welding torch 20 is preceded and the laser welding torch 19a is followed, and the projecting portion The “region where welding is performed in one pool” in which the depression and the recess are formed is welded to form a weld bead 118a as shown in FIG. Thereafter, the region above the region is arc-welded by a gas shield arc welding torch 50 that follows the laser welding torch 19 to form a weld bead 118b as shown in FIG. Here, when the one pool welding in which the molten pool in the hybrid welding by the gas shield arc welding torch 20 and the laser welding torch 19a and the molten pool in the arc welding by the gas shield arc welding torch 50 are one pool welding, the amount of molten metal As a result, the molten metal may sag from the weld. Therefore, the laser-arc distance DN, which is the distance between the target position of the laser beam irradiated from the laser welding torch 19a and the target position of the wire fed from the gas shield arc welding torch 50, is 10 [mm]. The molten pool in the hybrid welding by the gas shield arc welding torch 20 and the laser welding torch 19a and the molten pool in the arc welding by the gas shield arc welding torch 50 are formed separately. In this reference example, the current value when generating an arc in the gas shielded arc welding torch 50 is 200 [A]. Furthermore, in this reference example, the advance angle α _B of the gas shield arc welding torch 50 (filler wire 17b) is set to 15 [°].

In Reference Example 5 , as shown in FIG. 11, the upper region of the butted surface in the normal Y groove is depressed and the lower region protrudes. On the other hand, in Reference Example 6 , the upper region and the lower region of the butted surface in the normal Y groove protrude and the central region is depressed. Further, in Reference Example 6 , as described as a modified example of the fifth example of the torch (FIG. 8), the laser welding torch 19a is preceded, the gas shield arc welding torch 20 is followed, and the protruding portion and the depression The “region where welding is performed in one pool” formed with the part is welded. Thereafter, the region above the region is arc-welded by a gas shield arc welding torch 50 that follows the laser welding torch 19.

In Reference Example 6, as in Reference Example 5 , the distance between the target position of the wire fed from the gas shielded arc welding torch 20 and the target position of the wire fed from the gas shielded arc welding torch 50 is as follows. A certain arc-arc distance DS is set to 10 [mm], and a molten pool in the hybrid welding by the gas shielded arc welding torch 20 and the laser welding torch 19a and a molten pool in the arc welding by the gas shielded arc welding torch 50 are separately provided. To be formed. Also in this reference example, the current value when generating an arc in the gas shielded arc welding torch 50 is 200 [A]. Furthermore, also in this reference example, the advance angle α _B of the gas shield arc welding torch 50 (filler wire 17b) is set to 15 [°].

In Comparative Example 9, the I groove is abutted so that the gap is 0.5 [mm]. In Comparative Example 9, as in Reference Example 5 , the gas shield arc welding torch 20 is preceded, the laser welding torch 19a is followed, and the protrusion and the depression are formed. , And then the region above the region is arc-welded by a gas shield arc welding torch 50 that follows the laser welding torch 19.
As shown in the columns of Reference Examples 5 and 6 in FIG. 15, a recess and a protrusion are formed in a region where welding is performed in one pool, and hybrid welding is performed on the region, and a region above the region. By performing arc welding on the steel sheet, satisfactory back surface welding was achieved over the entire groove even when the thickness of the metal plate exceeded 16 [mm]. On the other hand, as shown in the column of Comparative Example 9 in FIG. 15, just by forming a gap in the metal plate to be abutted, when the thickness of the metal plate exceeds 16 [mm], the amount of molten metal increases. Due to the weight of the molten metal, the molten metal dripped down from the weld in a ball shape.

(Example 15)
FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating the shape of a groove in the fifteenth embodiment. Specifically, FIG. 32A is a diagram illustrating a state before the grooves of the metal plates are butted together, and FIG. 32B is a diagram illustrating a state where the grooves of the metal plates are butted together. .
In this embodiment, the combined laser and arc welding apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is used, as shown in FIG. 2, the gas shield arc welding torch 20 is advanced, the laser welding torch 19a is followed, and the projecting portion The "region where welding is performed in one pool" (the region where the depressions 102 and 103 and the protrusions 104 and 105 in Fig. 10 are formed) in which the depressions and the depressions are formed is welded and shown in Fig. 10C. A weld bead 108a is formed. Thereafter, submerged arc welding is performed in one pass on each of the upper and lower regions of the region to form a weld bead 108a as shown in FIG. As shown in the column of Example 15 in FIG. 16, in this example, satisfactory back wave welding was achieved over the entire groove.

(Comparative Examples 10 and 11)
FIG. 33 is a diagram showing the shape of the groove in Comparative Examples 10 and 11. FIG. Specifically, FIG. 33A is a diagram illustrating a state in which the grooves of the metal plates are abutted in Comparative Example 10, and FIG. 33B is a diagram illustrating the grooves of the metal plates in Comparative Example 11. It is a figure which shows the state matched.
In Comparative Example 10, the butt face of the X groove is brought into contact. Then, using the laser / arc combined welding apparatus shown in FIG. 1, as shown in FIG. 2, the gas shield arc welding torch 20 is preceded, the laser welding torch 19a is followed, and the X groove is matched. The faces were welded in one pool. As shown in the column of Comparative Example 10 in FIG. 16, the welded portion melts in a ball shape even though the length of the butted surface portion of the X groove is 8.0 [mm]. The metal dripped down, and good welding was difficult.

  On the other hand, in Comparative Example 11, the abutment surface of the X groove is abutted with the aim of an interval of 1.0 [mm]. Then, using the laser / arc combined welding apparatus shown in FIG. 1, as shown in FIG. 2, the gas shield arc welding torch 20 is preceded, the laser welding torch 19a is followed, and the X groove is matched. The faces were welded in one pool. As shown in the column of Comparative Example 11 in FIG. 16, in the portion where the gap was tightly formed, good back wave welding was achieved, but in the portion where the gap was (extremely) narrower than 1.0 [mm]. The molten metal drips down in a ball shape, and the filler metal was insufficient in an area where the gap was (extremely) wider than 1.0 [mm], resulting in underfill.

(Example 16, Reference Example 7 , Example 18)
34 to 36 are views showing the groove shapes in Example 16, Reference Example 7 and Example 18, respectively. Specifically, FIG. (A) is a diagram showing a state before the grooves of the metal plates are butted together, and FIG. (B) is a diagram showing a state where the grooves of the metal plates are butted together.
In Example 16 and Reference Example 7 , a depression and a protrusion are formed on the abutting surface of a normal X groove for only one of the metal plates to be abutted. Specifically, in Example 16, a protrusion is formed in the upper region and the lower region of the normal X groove butting surface, and a recess is formed in the central region. On the other hand, in Reference Example 7 , a depression is formed in the central region of the normal X groove butting surface, and depressions are formed in the upper and lower regions.
In the eighteenth embodiment, the upper end of the upper protrusion and the lower end of the lower protrusion are curved with respect to the fifteenth embodiment shown in FIG.
As shown in the columns of Example 16, Reference Example 7 and Example 18 in FIG. 16, in each Example, good back wave welding was achieved over the entire groove.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the protrusions (for example, the protrusions 92a and 92b in FIG. 9) and the recesses (for example, the recesses in FIG. 9) are provided in the region where welding is performed in one pool of at least one groove to be abutted. 91) are continuously formed along the longitudinal direction of the groove. And about the groove | channel in which the protrusion part and the hollow part are formed, only the front end surface of the protrusion part (for example, the front end surface of protrusion part 92a, 92b of FIG. 9) contact | abuts the groove | channel which becomes a matching other party. Thus, the metal plate 15 is arranged. And the surface (for example, surface 95 of FIG. 9) including the center area | region of the clearance gap between the groove | channels formed of the hollow part (for example, hollow part 91 of FIG. 9), the protrusion part, and the hollow part are formed. Laser arc hybrid welding is performed with the position on the intersection line (for example, the intersection line 96 in FIG. 9) of the region on the side irradiated with the laser beam 16 as the target position of the laser beam 16 and the filler wire 17. By doing as described above, the gap between the grooves can be easily secured only by abutting the grooves of the metal plate 15, and the effective thickness of the metal plate 15 at which the laser beam 16 melts can be reduced. It can be easily reduced. Therefore, when the metal plates 15 are faced to each other and welded to each other, the molten metal droops in a ball shape from the welded portion, a large work load is used, or a large apparatus is used. This can be prevented without performing a long welding operation.
In addition, when manufacturing a UO steel pipe, it is desirable to form a protrusion part above and below a hollow part. This is because the abutting position may be shifted if the protruding portion is brought into contact at one place.

  It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention described above are merely examples of implementation in carrying out the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited thereto. Is. That is, the present invention can be implemented in various forms without departing from the technical idea or the main features thereof.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Control apparatus 12 Laser irradiation apparatus 13 Wire supply apparatus 14 Power supply 15 Metal plate 16 Laser light 17 Filler wire 18 Butt part 19 Laser welding torch 20, 50 Gas shield arc welding torch 91,102,103,112,113,122,123 , 132, 133 Indentation 92, 93, 104, 105, 114, 115, 124, 125, 134, 135 Protrusion 95, 106, 116, 126, 136 Surface 96 including the central region of the gap between the grooves 107, 117, 127, 137 Intersecting line (target position of laser light)

Claims (5)

An arrangement step of arranging a metal plate having a thickness of 5 [mm] or more and 16 [mm] or less so that the gaps face each other,
A processing gas supply step of supplying a processing gas to the welded portion of the metal plate;
Arc generation in which arcs are sequentially generated between a welding planned location supplied with the processing gas and a filler material along the longitudinal direction of the butted groove and arc welding is performed on the planned welding location Process,
A laser irradiation step of performing laser welding on the planned welding position by irradiating the planned welding position to which the processing gas is supplied along the longitudinal direction of the butted groove,
In at least any one of the regions where welding is performed in one pool of the groove that is abutted, a recessed portion and a protruding portion are continuously formed over the entire longitudinal direction of the groove,
The total value of the lengths of the protrusions in the thickness direction is 2 [mm] or more,
The ratio of the length in the plate thickness direction of the recessed portion to the length in the plate thickness direction of the region where welding is performed in the one pool is 0.6 [−] or more,
In the arranging step, the metal plate is arranged so that only the tip surface of the projecting portion is in contact with the groove to be abutted against the groove in which the hollow portion and the projecting portion are formed. ,
The length of the gap formed between the grooves of the metal plate by the recess when arranged by the placement step is 0.3 [mm] or more and 2.5 [mm] or less,
In the laser irradiation step, the laser beam is irradiated on the surface including the central region of the gap formed between the grooves of the metal plate by the recess and the region where welding is performed in the one pool. With the position on the line of intersection with the side end as the target position of the laser light, irradiate the laser light,
In at least one of the areas where welding is performed in one pool of the grooves that face each other, a central area of the groove is depressed, and an upper area and a lower area of the central area are provided. The laser-arc combined welding method , wherein the recess and the protrusion are formed so as to protrude . One of the regions where welding is performed in one pool of the butted grooves is formed with the recess and the protrusion, and the other is not formed with the recess and the protrusion. The laser-arc combined welding method according to claim 1, wherein: The shape of the groove of the metal plate is an X groove,
3. The laser-arc combined welding method according to claim 1, wherein the hollow portion and the protruding portion are respectively formed in a central portion of the X groove. 3. The laser-arc combined welding method according to claim 1, wherein a beam diameter of the laser beam is 0.2 [mm] or more and 1.0 [mm] or less. A groove of a metal plate to be welded by the laser-arc combined welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 ,
A groove for a butt-welding metal plate, wherein a recess and a protrusion are continuously formed over the entire length of the groove.

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