JP5851213B2 - Welding method and welding apparatus using arc and laser - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a welding method and welding apparatus using an arc and a laser, in which a workpiece to be welded such as a thick steel plate is welded by welding using a combination of arc welding and laser welding.

In recent years, for example, hybrid welding is known that combines the advantages of laser welding and arc welding to combine the advantages of laser welding with high energy penetration depth and high speed, and a sufficient amount of welding by arc welding.
For example, in the welding method by laser welding and arc welding described in Patent Document 1, arc welding and laser welding are performed on a welded portion of a thick steel plate in which a gap between the Y-shaped groove shape portion and the bottom portion is formed. Welding is performed by carrying out in combination. In this case, in order to prevent the plasma generated by the arc discharge from interfering with the laser beam, the Y-shaped groove-shaped portion is irradiated with laser prior to the arc discharge, and the focus position of the laser beam is V-shaped at the Y groove portion. It adjusts to the surface vicinity of a to-be-welded material above the bottom face of this groove part.

  On the other hand, the distance is set such that the arc plasma and the laser beam do not interfere so that the laser beam is not absorbed by the arc plasma of arc welding. Then, by setting the focusing position of the laser light above the opening, the V-shaped opening of the workpiece is widely heated before arc welding is performed while leaving deep penetration energy by the laser light. Therefore, it is said that arc welding is possible to the inside of the groove by arc discharge.

JP 2002-346777 A

However, in the above-described welding method, when laser welding is performed with a high-density energy such as a beam diameter of 0.3 mm as a laser light source, the beam passes through where the gap (gap) between the workpieces is large. Occurs. Moreover, in order to prevent the laser beam from passing through, the focal position of the laser beam is set to be shifted upward in the groove portion of the Y groove portion, but in this case, the penetration depth of the laser beam becomes shallow, There is a disadvantage that the back surface of the thick steel plate cannot be welded.
In hybrid welding, when thick steel plates are welded, a phenomenon such as dripping of the weld pool through the gap to the back surface occurs due to the influence of gravity, due to the influence of gravity. There is also a problem that the shape of is bad.

  In view of such problems, the present invention has a larger tolerance of the gap between the workpieces than the conventional welding method described above, and is capable of performing deep penetration welding without shifting the focus of the laser beam. And it aims at providing the welding method and welding apparatus using a laser.

A welding method using an arc and a laser according to the present invention is a welding method using an arc and a laser that welds a gap of a material to be welded and a gap larger than the diameter of the laser beam following the groove by arc discharge and laser irradiation. a is a step of welding the weld metal GMA arc welding to the workpieces in an arc welder, a step of solidifying the deposited metal, again by focusing the laser light of the laser welder to weld metal And a step of performing laser welding from the groove of the material to be welded toward the gap.
According to the present invention, a weld metal is generated by the welding wire of the welded material and the arc welder by arc welding the groove of the welded material with an arc welder, and the weld metal is solidified. The laser beam is focused on the weld metal by a laser welder and melted again, and the gap is deeply welded. At this time, since the solidified weld metal is remelted by the laser beam, it is possible to prevent a phenomenon in which the back metal hangs down due to the molten metal being excessively melted and dripping onto the back surface of the material to be welded.

The arc welder and the laser welder are set so that welding is performed while running at a predetermined interval, and the weld metal is solidified by the time when the laser welder travels the predetermined interval. It is preferable.
The time during which the weld metal is generated by welding the arc by welding the groove with an arc welder that travels along the groove of the non-welded part, and the laser welder travels at a predetermined interval until the weld metal part is reached. As the weld metal solidifies after the elapse of time, it can be re-melted by irradiating the solidified weld metal with the laser beam from the laser welder, so that the welding position does not deviate and the gap from the groove to the gap of the welded material is maintained. Can be welded.
The arc welder and the laser welder may be connected integrally to travel, or may be traveled separately.

Further, the arc welder and the laser welder may be integrally held by a connecting member with a predetermined interval, and in this case, after the weld metal is generated by the arc welder according to the traveling speed of the connecting member, It is possible to adjust so that laser welding by the traveling laser welder is performed after the weld metal is solidified, so that deviation of the welding position can be surely prevented.
The predetermined interval is, for example, 35 mm or more, and the arc welder and the laser welder may travel over a predetermined interval of 1 second or more. The arc welder and the laser welder travel at a speed of 35 mm / s or less. To do.

Also, the arc and laser welding method according to the present invention is an arc and laser welding method in which a groove of a material to be welded and a gap following the groove are welded by arc discharge and laser irradiation. The process of arc welding and welding the weld metal to the groove of the welded material, the process of solidifying the weld metal, and focusing the laser beam of the laser welder on the weld metal to remelt and opening the welded material Laser welding from the tip toward the gap, aligning the welding wire with the arc sensor during arc welding, and aligning and focusing the laser welder based on the alignment information from the arc sensor It is characterized by .
In this case, the information on the alignment of the arc welder by the arc sensor can be used for the alignment of the laser welder and the adjustment of the focal position, so the laser beam is automatically irradiated to the appropriate position, and the laser No additional light adjustment means is required.

Welding device according to an arc and laser according to the present invention, arc discharge and welding device according to an arc and laser which is adapted to weld diameter larger gap GMA and the open destination followed laser light workpieces by laser irradiation met An arc welder that arc welds by arc discharge and deposits the weld metal on the groove of the welded material, and a laser welder that laser welds the solidified weld metal to remelt and laser welds the gap And a drive control means for causing the arc welder and the laser welder to travel along the welding position of the groove with a time difference.
According to the present invention, a weld metal is generated in the groove by arc welding with the arc welder opposed to the groove of the workpiece, and after the weld metal is solidified, the laser welder lasers the weld metal. A drive control means causes a time difference in travel between the arc welder and the laser welder so as to irradiate and remelt. As a result, the weld metal is remelted with laser light to deeply weld the groove and the gap. At that time, the solidified weld metal is remelted by laser light, so that the molten metal does not droop to the back surface of the material to be welded and the back wave does not droop.

Moreover, the arc welder and the laser welder may be installed with a space therebetween and may be integrated by a connecting member.
When the arc welder and the laser welder are integrated, the distance between the arc welder and the laser welder is set by the connecting member, and the traveling speed is set by the drive control means, so that the arc welding at the welding position is performed. It is possible to control so as to continuously perform the generation of the weld metal by the remelting and the remelting by the laser welding after the solidification.

Alternatively, the arc welder and the laser welder may be spaced apart and separated from each other.
In this case, the distance between the arc welder and the laser welder can be set individually according to the traveling speed, and the generation of the weld metal by arc welding at the welding position and the remelting by laser welding after solidification are continuously performed. Can be controlled.

The arc and laser welding apparatus according to the present invention is an arc and laser welding apparatus that welds a gap between workpieces and a gap following the gap by arc discharge and laser irradiation. An arc welder that welds a weld metal to the groove of the material to be welded by arc welding, a laser welder that laser-welds the solidified weld metal to remelt and welds the gap, and an arc welder Drive control means for causing the laser welder to travel along the welding position of the groove with a time difference, arc welder alignment means for aligning based on the welding voltage and welding current during arc welding, and the arc welder a laser welder aligning means to align the alignment and focus position of the laser beam to the weld metal by the waveform information for alignment, and in that it comprises And butterflies.
The arc welder is aligned by the arc welder aligning means, and arc welding is performed. At the subsequent laser welding, the laser beam is aligned by the laser welder aligning means based on the waveform information of the arc welding, and the focus is set. Can be matched to the weld metal.

According to the welding method and welding apparatus using an arc and a laser according to the present invention, arc welding is performed by arc discharge of an arc welder, and a weld metal is deposited on the groove of the workpiece, and after the weld metal is solidified, By focusing the laser beam of the laser welder on the weld metal and remelting the weld metal by laser welding, the groove of the welded material and the gap following it can be welded. There is an advantage that the gap tolerance of the gap is large by filling the bottom of the groove portion and solidifying.
In addition, by focusing and remelting the weld metal with laser light after solidification of the weld metal, the gap on the back side of the groove can be welded by deep penetration welding using high-density energy, and the welded material Even if the thickness is large, it prevents the phenomenon that the molten metal hangs down on the back surface due to weight, and the back wave does not hang down, so it looks good.

It is a principal part perspective view which shows the arc welder and laser welder, and to-be-welded material by 1st embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the welding apparatus by the arc and laser shown in FIG. 1, and its monitoring control apparatus. It is a figure which shows the control principle of the rocking | fluctuation center of the welding wire by an arc sensor, (a) is a figure which shows the case where a welding wire is located in the center of a groove | channel, and the figure which shows the voltage change corresponding to this, and a current change, (B) is a figure which shows the case where the welding wire has shifted | deviated from the center of a groove | channel, and a figure which shows the voltage change and current change corresponding to this. It is a principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the Y-shaped groove | channel and gap | interval of a to-be-welded material. It is the figure which produced | generated the deposit metal by the arc welding in the bottom part of the groove | channel shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the state which irradiates a laser beam to the welding metal produced | generated to the groove | channel shown in FIG.

Hereinafter, an arc and laser welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 to 6 are views showing a welding apparatus 1 using an arc and a laser according to the first embodiment.
The arc and laser welding apparatus 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes an arc welder 2 and a laser welder 3 connected to a jig 7 constituting a connecting member via arms 2a and 3a, respectively, and arc welding. The tool 2 and the laser welder 3 are set apart by a predetermined distance L. The arm portion 3a of the laser welder 3 is set so that the distance L from the arc welder 2 can be adjusted by adjusting means (not shown). The leg portion 8 of the jig 7 is slidable along the groove 15 by a rail 9 provided at the lower portion thereof.
Materials to be welded 11 to be welded by the arc and laser welding apparatus 1 are, for example, thick steel materials 12 and 13, and a welded portion 14 on the opposite surface of the thick steel materials 12 and 13 has, for example, a V-shaped groove 15. A gap (gap) 16 having a predetermined width following the back surface is formed as a Y-shaped groove.

Next, the monitoring control device 18 for controlling the welding of the welding device 1 by arc and laser will be described with reference to FIG.
In FIG. 2, the monitoring control device 18 includes an arc sensor 19 of the arc welder 2 and a control unit 26 that performs traveling control and focus adjustment of the arc welder 2 and the laser welder 3.
In the arc sensor 19, an ammeter 22 and a voltmeter 23 are respectively arranged in parallel circuit wiring connecting the arc welder 2 and the workpiece 11 as a base material. A power supply 24 is connected in series. When the arc sensor 19 welds the groove 15 of the workpiece 11 with the arc welder 2, the arc current (welding current) and arc associated with the swing of the welding wire 25 shown in FIGS. The positional relationship between the groove 15 and the welding wire 25 is grasped by detecting a change in voltage (welding voltage) with the ammeter 22 and the voltmeter 23, respectively.

The arc current and arc voltage detected by the ammeter 22 and the voltmeter 23 are input to the input means 27 of the control unit 26, and an appropriate alignment position of the welding wire 25 of the arc welder 2 is calculated by the calculation means 28. Then, the arc welder 2 is aligned by the arc welder aligning means 29.
In the control unit 26, a drive control means 30 that causes the arc welder 2 and the laser welder 3 to travel along the groove 15 at a constant speed by running the jig 7, and an arc output from the computing means 28. Laser welder alignment means 31 is provided for aligning the laser welder 3 to the welding position and adjusting the focus based on the alignment information of the welder 2.

The drive control means 30 is provided with a drive motor M1 for causing the jig 7 to travel along the rail 9, and the arc welder 2 and the laser welder 3 that move at a constant interval as the jig 7 travels to The welding portion 14 of the groove 15 is set to be continuously welded with a time difference. In this embodiment, the arc welder 2 is provided at a position preceding the jig 7 in the traveling direction, and the laser welder 3 is provided at a position that is followed by a predetermined interval L.
In this case, the traveling time difference between the arc welder 2 and the laser welded portion 3 is set such that laser welding is performed on the weld metal k after the weld metal k generated on the non-welded portion 14 is solidified by arc welding. ing. Therefore, it is preferable that the traveling speed of the jig 7 is, for example, L / second or less as the predetermined distance L, and a time difference of 1 second or more is set.
Further, a position adjustment motor M2 for adjusting the distance L from the arc welder 2 by the adjusting means described above is connected to the arc portion 3a of the laser welder 3.

The arc and laser welding apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment has the above-described configuration. Next, a welding method for the thick steel plates 12 and 13 will be described.
First, the arc welder 2 with the bottom 15a of the groove 15 having, for example, a V-shaped cross section formed in the welded portion 14 on the opposing surface of the thick steel materials 12 and 13 shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 as a line-shaped welding region. The arc welder 2 and the laser welder 3 having a predetermined interval L are run in the X direction at a constant speed by driving the motor M1 while the arc is discharged and the laser beam of the laser welder 3 is irradiated. Therefore, a time difference occurs between the preceding arc welding and the subsequent laser welding with respect to the welded portion 14 in the welding region.

  For example, mag welding is performed as arc welding using the arc welder 2. In arc welding, arc discharge is continuously performed at a position facing the bottom 15a of the groove 15 while the arc welder 2 is running. During arc welding, a shield gas such as argon or carbon dioxide is released from the arc welder 2 together with arc discharge.

  Here, in arc welding, arc welding is performed while swinging the welding wire 25 of the torch. At this time, as shown in FIG. 3 (a), the center of swinging is positioned on the center line O of the groove 15. If so, the arc current (welding current) detected by the ammeter 22 and the arc voltage (welding voltage) detected by the voltmeter 23 are symmetrical with respect to the center line O. When such a waveform is detected, the waveform information of the ammeter 22 and the voltmeter 23 is input from the input means 27 of the control unit 26, and this is calculated by the calculation means 28, and the welding wire 25 that swings is center line O. It is detected that the centering position is symmetrical.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3B, if the center of oscillation of the welding wire 25 is deviated from the center line O of the groove 15, the arc current detected by the ammeter 22 and the voltmeter 23 are detected. Each waveform of the arc voltage detected at 1 becomes asymmetrical with respect to the center line O. In such a case, the waveform information of the ammeter 22 and the voltmeter 23 is detected by the computing means 28 via the input means 27 of the control unit 26, and the waveform of the arc current and the waveform of the arc voltage are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5A, the fact that the image is asymmetric with respect to the center line O is calculated and detected.
Then, the calculated control signal is output to the arc welder 2 by the arc welder aligning means 29 and the welding wire 25 is aligned in the Y direction in FIG. The welding position is determined so as to be symmetric with respect to the center line O. Thus, feedback control of arc alignment is performed by the arc sensor 19, the calculation means 28 of the control unit 26, and the arc welder alignment means 29.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 5, at the bottom 15a of the groove 15, the thick steel plates 12, 13 and the welding wire 25 are melted by arc discharge to form a molten pool, which serves as a weld metal k and travels of the arc welder 2. According to the above, it is continuously formed in a line shape. Since the arc welder 2 and the laser welder 3 are separated from each other by a predetermined distance L, the arc welder 2 travels according to the traveling speed of the jig 7 and arc discharge is performed. Until the laser beam reaches, the weld metal k in that region is gradually cooled and solidified at the bottom 15a of the groove 15, and the bottom 15a of the groove 15 of the thick steel plates 12 and 12 is welded.

The welded metal k solidified in the welded portion 14 is welded by the laser welder 3 that travels with the jig 7 with a time difference. At the time of welding by the laser welder 3, the waveform information of the alignment position for arc welding set by the arc sensor 19 from the calculation means 28 of the control unit 26 is used as the welding position for laser welding. Is output. As a result, the laser welder 3 is automatically aligned to the position of the solidified weld metal k as shown in FIG. 6 in accordance with the alignment position that is the welding position set by the arc sensor 19. Match the focus of light.
Therefore, it is not necessary to provide an alignment means for the laser welder 3 and a means for adjusting the focal position separately from the arc sensor 19 for adjusting the arc welding.

Next, a laser beam is irradiated to the weld metal k solidified in the groove 15 in a state in which the weld metal k is focused by the laser welder 3 and remelted. At the time of laser welding, the gap 16 between the thick steel plates 12 and 13 is filled with the weld metal k by arc welding, so that the laser beam does not pass through the gap 16 even if the diameter of the laser beam is smaller than the diameter of the gap 16. When the gap 16 is melted together with the molten metal obtained by remelting the weld metal k, the gap 16 is deeply welded.
Further, in the welding according to the present embodiment, the weld metal k in arc welding is solidified and then remelted by laser welding so that it does not melt too much, and even if the thickness of the thick steel plates 12 and 13 is thick, the weight of the molten metal is used. There is no possibility that the molten metal hangs down to the back surfaces of 12 and 13, and the back wave does not sag.

  In this way, the arc welder 2 and the laser welder 3 connected by the jig 7 are continuously welded while traveling at a constant speed along the groove 15 with a predetermined interval L in the X direction. 14 is arc welded by the arc welder 3 to form a continuous weld metal k. Then, the weld metal k is solidified by a time lag until the subsequent laser welder 3 arrives, and thereafter, the laser welder 3 traveling with a predetermined time delay irradiates the solidified weld metal k with laser light. Then, the gap 16 is continuously melted and deeply welded.

The specific example of the welding method by the welding apparatus 1 by the arc and laser of this embodiment is demonstrated.
The thicknesses of the thick steel plates 12 and 13 to be welded are 19.0 mm, the taper angle of the side wall of the groove 15 is 3 degrees, the depth of the gap 16 connected to the groove 15 is 15.0 mm, and the inner diameter of the gap 16 Was 1.0 mm, the groove taper angle (chamfer angle) on the back side was 45 degrees, and the beam diameter of the laser beam was 0.6 mm.
Then, arc welding was continuously performed, and after the linear weld metal k was generated on the bottom 15a of the groove 15, laser welding was continuously performed after solidification. In this case, sufficient welding could be performed when the inner diameter of the gap 16 was up to 2 mm. However, when the inner diameter of the gap 16 exceeded 2 mm, a portion through which the laser beam passed could be generated, and sufficient welding could not be performed.
For this reason, the gap margin of the gap 16 is 2 mm at the maximum, and a large margin is obtained as compared with the beam diameter of the laser beam of 0.6 mm.
In addition, if the distance L between the arc welder 2 and the laser welder 3 is at least 35 mm or more, for example, 50 mm, and the traveling speed is set to 35 mm / s or less, for example, 50 mm / s, 1 between the arc welding and the laser welding. A time difference of 2 seconds or more is set, and the weld metal k can be solidified during the time difference.

  As described above, according to the arc and laser welding apparatus 1 and the welding method according to the present embodiment, the arc welder 2 and the laser welder 3 are continuously run at predetermined intervals while the welded portion of the groove 15 is welded. 14, welding metal k is generated at the bottom 15 a of the groove 15 by arc welding, the thick steel plates 12 and 13 are welded, and the upper end of the gap 16 is buried. Laser welding can be performed even if the diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the gap 16. For example, there is an advantage that the gap tolerance of the gap 16 can be set to a maximum of 2 mm with respect to the beam diameter of 6 mm.

In laser welding, as in the prior art described above, if the focal position is shifted upward from the weld metal k and irradiated, there is a problem that the penetration into the gap 16 becomes shallow. It is not necessary to shift the focal point from the weld metal k, and deep penetration welding can be performed using high-density energy by laser light.
In addition, after the weld metal k formed on the groove 15 by arc welding solidifies, the laser beam is irradiated to the same position as the arc welding to focus on the weld metal k and remelt, so the weld metal k is melted. The molten metal does not melt too much, and even if the plate thickness of the thick steel plates 12 and 13 is large, it does not sag on the back surface of the thick steel plates 12 and 13 due to the weight of the molten metal and does not deteriorate the shape of the back wave.
Furthermore, since the arc welder 2 and the laser welder 3 are connected by a jig 7 so as to be spaced apart by 35 mm or more in the running direction, the welding metal k by arc welding is continuously run at a constant speed of 35 mm / s or less. Laser welding can be performed after solidification.

  Also, arc welding is aligned by the arc sensor 19 during arc welding, and then the waveform information for alignment is supplied to the laser welder 3 by the control means 26 to automatically align the welding line. The focal position of the laser beam can be matched with the weld metal k. Therefore, it is not necessary to separately provide means for alignment and focus adjustment of the laser welder 3, the configuration of the welding apparatus 1 is simple, and control of the welding method is facilitated.

Note that the arc and laser welding method and the welding apparatus 1 according to the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and appropriate modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.
In the welding apparatus 1 according to the above-described embodiment, the arc welder 2 and the laser welder 3 are connected to the jig 7 and are integrally held and movable, but the present invention is limited to the above-described configuration. Rather, the arc welder 2 and the laser welder 3 are held in separate jigs 7 and are individually run at a predetermined speed by the drive control means 30, or arc welding and laser welding are performed in a stationary state. It may be.
In the above-described embodiment, the arc welder 2 and the laser welder 3 are sequentially welded while traveling, but it is not always necessary to travel. For example, after the arc welder 2 and the laser welder 3 are stationary, arc welding is performed with the arc welder 2, and after a predetermined time has elapsed, the weld pool is solidified as the weld metal k, and then the weld metal is welded with the laser welder 3. k laser welding may be performed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Welding apparatus 2 Arc welder 3 Laser welder 7 Jig 11 Welded material 12, 13 Thick steel plate 15 Groove 16 Gap 18 Monitoring control means 19 Arc sensor 22 Ammeter 23 Voltmeter 26 Control part
28 Calculation means 29 Arc welder alignment means 30 Drive control means 31 Laser welder alignment means k Weld metal

Claims (8)

By arc discharge and laser irradiation a arc and laser by welding method so as to weld the GMA and the diameter is larger than the gap of the open destination subsequent laser beam workpieces,
Arc welding with an arc welder and welding the weld metal to the groove of the workpiece,
Solidifying the weld metal;
Arc and laser welding, comprising: a step of focusing a laser beam of the laser welder on the weld metal and remelting the laser beam from a groove of the material to be welded toward a gap. Method.   The arc welder and the laser welder perform welding while traveling at a predetermined interval, respectively, and the welding metal is set so that the welding metal solidifies before the time for the laser welder to travel the predetermined interval elapses. The arc and laser welding method according to claim 1.   The arc and laser welding method according to claim 2, wherein the arc welder and the laser welder are integrally held at the predetermined interval. In the arc and laser welding method in which the gap of the welded material and the gap following the groove are welded by arc discharge and laser irradiation,
Arc welding with an arc welder and welding the weld metal to the groove of the workpiece,
Solidifying the weld metal;
A step of focusing the laser beam of the laser welder on the weld metal and remelting the laser beam toward the gap from the groove of the welded material,
A welding method using an arc and a laser, wherein a welding wire is aligned by an arc sensor during arc welding, and alignment and focus adjustment of the laser welder are performed based on alignment information by the arc sensor. By arc discharge and laser irradiation to a welding device according to arcs and lasers so as to weld the GMA and the diameter is larger than the gap of the open destination subsequent laser beam between workpieces,
An arc welder that welds a weld metal to the groove of the material to be welded by arc welding by arc discharge;
A laser welder for laser welding the gap by irradiating the solidified weld metal with laser light to remelt; and
Drive control means for causing the arc welder and the laser welder to travel along the welding position of the groove with a time difference;
An arc and laser welding apparatus characterized by comprising:   6. The arc and laser welding apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the arc welder and the laser welder are installed at a predetermined interval and are integrated by a connecting member.   6. The arc and laser welding apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the arc welder and the laser welder are installed at a predetermined interval and separated from each other. In an arc and laser welding apparatus that welds a gap between workpieces and a gap following the gap by arc discharge and laser irradiation,
An arc welder that welds a weld metal to the groove of the material to be welded by arc welding by arc discharge;
A laser welder for laser welding the gap by irradiating the solidified weld metal with laser light to remelt; and
Drive control means for causing the arc welder and the laser welder to travel along the welding position of the groove with a time difference;
An arc welder alignment means for aligning based on the welding voltage and welding current during arc welding;
Laser welder aligning means for aligning the laser beam and the focal position with the weld metal according to waveform information for aligning the arc welder;
Welding device according to features and to luer over click and laser further comprising a.

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