JP6092163B2 - Welding apparatus and welding method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a welding apparatus and a welding method.

Conventionally, a laser welding apparatus that irradiates a welding target with a laser oscillator such as a CO ₂ laser or a YAG (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) laser is known. The laser welding apparatus has an advantage that the penetration in the irradiation direction can be deepened because the laser is irradiated in a thin beam shape (for example, about φ0.1 mm to 0.6 mm). On the other hand, the laser welding apparatus has a drawback in that it cannot weld a wide range because the laser is thinly irradiated in a beam shape, and the groove tolerance is narrow.

  Moreover, an arc welding apparatus is known as another welding apparatus. An arc welding apparatus is an apparatus that generates an arc between an object to be welded and an electrode using electric power obtained from a power source, and joins metals using the arc heat. The arc welding apparatus has a feature that the heat input width is wide but the penetration is shallow.

  In recent years, a laser-arc hybrid welding apparatus combined with an arc welding apparatus has been proposed in order to compensate for the narrowness of the groove tolerance, which is a drawback of the laser welding apparatus (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2012-101270 A

The laser-arc hybrid welding apparatus as disclosed in Patent Document 1 can widen the groove margin while realizing the depth of penetration by laser welding.
However, Patent Document 1 does not disclose how to adjust the laser irradiation direction on a plane intersecting the welding direction when the laser-arc hybrid welding apparatus is moved along the welding direction.
When the laser-arc hybrid welding apparatus is moved along the welding direction, a welded portion having sufficient strength cannot be formed unless the laser irradiation direction is appropriately adjusted. For example, when the operator manually adjusts the laser irradiation direction, appropriate adjustment may not be performed.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and in a plane crossing the welding direction when welding is performed along the welding direction while moving the relative positions of the laser welding portion and the arc welding portion with respect to the welding target. It is an object of the present invention to provide a welding apparatus and a welding method capable of appropriately adjusting the laser irradiation direction.

The present invention employs the following means in order to solve the above problems.
A welding apparatus according to a reference example of the present invention is connected to a laser oscillator, a laser welding portion for performing welding by irradiating a laser beam oscillated by the laser oscillator to a welding target, and a wire for supplying a welding wire connected to a power source An arc welding part that has a supply part and supplies the welding wire to the welding object to perform welding; and a moving mechanism that moves a relative position of the laser welding part and the arc welding part with respect to the welding object along a welding direction; A setting unit that receives an instruction from an operator and sets a setting value of the laser irradiation direction of the laser welding part in a plane that intersects the welding direction; and the laser irradiation direction is set to the set value by driving a drive source. And an irradiation direction adjusting unit that adjusts the direction so as to correspond to the direction.

According to the welding apparatus according to the reference example of the present invention , when the laser welded portion and the arc welded portion move along the welding direction by the moving mechanism, the laser irradiation direction of the laser welded portion in the plane intersecting the welding direction is determined. Then, the state is adjusted by the irradiation direction adjustment unit based on the set value set by the operator or the like. Therefore, the operator of the welding apparatus does not need to manually adjust an appropriate laser irradiation direction while moving the laser welding portion and the arc welding portion along the welding direction.

  By doing in this way, when welding along the welding direction while moving the relative position of the laser welded part and the arc welded part with respect to the object to be welded, the laser irradiation direction on the plane intersecting the welding direction can be adjusted appropriately. It is possible to provide a welding apparatus capable of performing the above.

In the welding apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention, the welding object is a fillet weld formed at a portion where the end surface of the second plate is abutted against the first plate, and the setting unit is the laser irradiation The set value is set so that the direction is the direction of propagation of a crack present in the bead portion included in the fillet weld.
By doing in this way, when a crack exists in the bead part included in the fillet welded part, the laser is irradiated in the progress direction, so that further progress of the crack in the bead part can be prevented.

In the welding apparatus according to the second aspect of the present invention, the welding object is a fillet weld formed at a portion where the end surface of the second plate is abutted against the first plate, and the setting unit is the laser irradiation The direction intersects with the progress direction of the crack existing in the bead portion included in the fillet welded portion and becomes a direction toward the bead portion adjacent to the unwelded portion of the first plate member and the second plate member. The set value is set in.
By doing in this way, when the crack exists in the bead part contained in a welding part, and the unwelded part of a 1st board | plate material and a 2nd board | plate material exists, the further progress of the crack of a bead part is prevented. However, the weld strength of the unwelded portion can be improved.

In the welding apparatus according to the second aspect, the setting unit has the setting value so that the laser irradiation direction is in a direction intersecting a midpoint of a straight line connecting both ends of the bead portion in the crack propagation direction. May be set.
By doing in this way, the center part of the crack of a bead part can be welded, and the further progress of the crack of a bead part can be prevented.

In the welding apparatus according to the third aspect of the present invention, the welding object is a fillet weld formed at a portion where the end surface of the second plate is abutted against the first plate, and the setting unit is the laser irradiation The set value is set so that the direction is a direction toward a position on the surface of the first plate member of a crack existing in the vicinity of the fillet weld of the first plate member.
By doing in this way, when the crack which spreads from on the surface of the 1st board material exists, a welding part is formed in the surface of the 1st board material, and a crack progresses inside the 1st board material. Can be prevented.

In the welding apparatus according to the third aspect, the setting unit includes a midpoint of a straight line connecting both end portions of the bead portion in a crack propagation direction in which the laser irradiation direction is present in the bead portion included in the fillet weld portion. The set value may be set so as to be in a direction intersecting with .
By doing in this way, when a crack exists in the bead part contained in a welding part, the further progress of the crack of a bead part can be prevented.

In the welding apparatus according to the first to third aspects of the present invention, a laser irradiation direction of the laser welded portion in a plane intersecting the welding direction, and a wire supply direction of the arc welded portion in a plane intersecting the welding direction It is good also as a structure provided with the angle adjustment | control part which can adjust the relative angle which is made.
By doing in this way, the wire supply direction with respect to a laser irradiation direction can be adjusted appropriately so that the wire of an arc welding part can be supplied from an appropriate direction with respect to a laser irradiation direction.

In the welding apparatus having the above-described configuration, the angle adjuster includes an angle formed by the wire supply direction and the extending direction of the first plate member, and an angle formed by the wire supply direction and the extending direction of the second plate member, You may make it adjust the said relative angle so that it may each be 3 degrees or more.
By doing in this way, the angle which the wire supply direction and the extending direction of a 1st board | plate material make becomes smaller than 3 degrees, and the malfunction by an arc discharge being drawn near to the 1st board | plate material side can be prevented. Similarly, the angle formed by the wire supply direction and the extending direction of the second plate material is smaller than 3 °, and it is possible to prevent a problem caused by the arc discharge being drawn toward the second plate material side.

In the welding apparatus having the above-described configuration, the first plate member extends in the horizontal direction, and the fillet weld portion is in a portion where the end surface of the second plate member is abutted from the lower surface of the first plate member. And the angle adjusting section adjusts the relative angle so that an angle formed by the wire supply direction and the extending direction of the first plate member is not 83 ° or more and 97 ° or less. Good.
By doing so, it is possible to prevent a problem that spatters and the like scattered during welding with the wire supply direction upward in the vertical direction are likely to fall to the laser welded portion and the arc welded portion below the vertical direction.

In the welding apparatus according to the first to third aspects of the present invention, the welding object is a steel deck, the first plate is a deck plate on a flat plate constituting the steel deck, and the second The plate member may be a rib member having a substantially U-shaped cross section constituting the steel deck.
By doing in this way, the welding apparatus which can perform the repair by welding of the steel deck which welded the substantially U-shaped rib member to the deck plate by fillet welding can be provided.

The welding method of the present invention includes a laser welding unit that is connected to a laser oscillator and performs welding by irradiating a welding target with a laser oscillated by the laser oscillator, and a wire supply unit that supplies a welding wire connected to a power source. And a welding method using an arc welding part that supplies the welding wire to the welding target and welds the welding position relative to the welding target with respect to the laser welding part and the arc welding part. A moving step for moving along a direction, a setting step for receiving a command from an operator, setting a setting value of a laser irradiation direction of the laser welding portion on a plane intersecting the welding direction, and driving a drive source and a radiation direction adjusting step of adjusting such that the laser irradiation direction is the direction corresponding to the set value by the welding object, the first plate 2 is a fillet weld formed at a portion where the end faces of the two plate materials are abutted, and in the setting step, the laser irradiation direction is a propagation direction of a crack present in a bead included in the fillet weld. The set value is set as follows .

  According to the welding method of the present invention, when the laser welded portion and the arc welded portion are moved along the welding direction by the moving mechanism, the laser irradiation direction of the laser welded portion in the plane intersecting the welding direction is determined by the operator. Based on the set values set by the above, etc., the adjustment process is performed. Therefore, the operator of the welding apparatus does not need to manually adjust an appropriate laser irradiation direction while moving the laser welding portion and the arc welding portion along the welding direction.

  By doing in this way, when welding along a welding direction, moving the relative position of the laser welding part and arc welding part apparatus with respect to a welding object, the laser irradiation direction in the plane which crosses a welding direction is adjusted appropriately. A possible welding method can be provided.

  According to the present invention, when welding along the welding direction while moving the relative positions of the laser welded part and the arc welded part with respect to the welding target, the laser irradiation direction on the plane intersecting the welding direction can be adjusted appropriately. A possible welding apparatus and welding method can be provided.

It is a schematic block diagram which shows the hybrid welding apparatus of one Embodiment. It is a front view which shows the laser head and arc torch which are shown in FIG. It is a right view which shows the laser head and arc torch which are shown in FIG. It is a top view which shows the laser head and arc torch which are shown in FIG. It is a cross-sectional view which shows the steel deck of the welding object of the hybrid welding apparatus of one Embodiment. It is AA arrow sectional drawing of the steel deck shown in FIG. It is the elements on larger scale of the fillet weld part of the steel deck shown in FIG. 5, and is a figure which shows an example of a laser irradiation direction. It is the elements on larger scale of the fillet weld part of the steel deck shown in FIG. 5, and is a figure which shows an example of a laser irradiation direction. It is the elements on larger scale of the fillet weld part of the steel deck shown in FIG. 5, and is a figure which shows an example of a laser irradiation direction. It is the elements on larger scale of the fillet weld part of the steel deck shown in FIG. 5, and is a figure which shows an example of a wire supply direction.

Hereinafter, a hybrid welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a hybrid welding apparatus 100 of the present embodiment.

  The hybrid welding apparatus 100 is a welding apparatus that performs welding by moving a relative position with respect to the welding target 200 along the welding direction. The hybrid welding apparatus 100 is an apparatus of a system that moves the relative position along a certain direction (this direction is referred to as a welding direction) by moving the hybrid welding apparatus 100 in a state where the welding target 200 is fixed.

  Moreover, the hybrid welding apparatus 100 can be used, for example, for welding a steel deck used for a bridge or the like. When repairing a welded portion of an existing steel floor slab on a bridge or the like, it is necessary to perform welding from below in the vertical direction to above, but the hybrid welding apparatus 100 of the present embodiment is capable of welding upward and downward. It can be applied to welding in any direction, including welding toward

As shown in FIG. 1, the hybrid welding apparatus 100 includes a laser oscillator 60, an optical fiber 70 that transmits a laser oscillated by the laser oscillator 60, and a laser head 10 connected to the optical fiber 70. As the laser oscillator 60, for example, a CO ₂ laser or a YAG (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) laser capable of obtaining an oscillation output of about several kW can be used. The laser head 10 (laser welding portion) condenses a laser beam oscillated by a laser oscillator 60 transmitted through an optical fiber 70 by a condensing lens (not shown) and irradiates the surface of the welding target 200 with the laser beam. Welding is performed by melting a part of 200. The beam diameter of the laser irradiated on the surface of the welding target 200 is, for example, about φ0.1 mm to 0.6 mm.

  The hybrid welding apparatus 100 also includes a power source 40, a wire feeder 30 (wire supply unit), and an arc torch 20 (arc welding unit). The wire feeder 30 supplies the welding wire 21 connected to the power source 40 to the arc torch 20. For example, the arc torch 20 performs MIG (Metal Inert Gas welding) welding. MIG welding is a method in which the welding wire 21 is used as an electrode wire, and an arc is generated between the tip of the welding wire 21 and the welding target 200 to simultaneously melt and weld the welding wire 21 and the welding target 200. is there.

  The arc torch 20 is supplied with an inert gas such as argon or helium from an inert gas supply unit (not shown) in order to prevent characteristic deterioration due to a reaction with an atmospheric element in a welded portion formed by welding. Therefore, the welded portion formed by melting the welding wire 21 and the welding target 200 is formed in an inert gas atmosphere.

  The hybrid welding apparatus 100 also includes a controller 50. The controller 50 is a device that controls the laser oscillation by the laser oscillator 60, the current output from the power supply 40, and the wire supply amount by the wire feeder 30. Although FIG. 1 shows an example in which one controller 50 is connected to the laser oscillator 60, the wire feeder 30, and the power source 40, other modes may be used. For example, a mode in which separate controllers are connected to the laser oscillator 60, the wire feeder 30, and the power supply 40 may be possible. Alternatively, the laser oscillator 60, the wire feeder 30, and the power source 40 may be configured so that a controller for controlling them is incorporated.

The hybrid welding apparatus 100 further includes an irradiation direction adjusting mechanism 90 (irradiation direction adjusting unit), a moving mechanism 91, and a setting unit 92.
The irradiation direction adjustment mechanism 90 is a mechanism that adjusts the laser irradiation direction of the laser head 10 in a plane that intersects the welding direction. The irradiation direction adjustment mechanism 90 is a mechanism that adjusts a laser irradiation angle β shown in FIG. 2 to be described later by driving a drive source (not shown) constituted by a motor or the like in accordance with an instruction from the controller 50. . The irradiation direction adjusting mechanism 90 can also adjust the position of the laser head 10 by a drive source.

  The moving mechanism 91 is a mechanism for moving the relative positions of the laser head 10 and the arc torch 20 with respect to the welding target 200 along the welding direction. With the moving mechanism 91, the hybrid welding apparatus 100 can perform welding while moving the own apparatus relative to the existing welding target 200 such as a steel deck.

  The setting unit 92 receives an instruction from the operator of the hybrid welding apparatus 100 and sets a set value of the laser irradiation angle β. When the operator of the hybrid welding apparatus 100 inputs a desired value to be set as the laser irradiation angle β, the set value of the laser irradiation angle β is set. When the setting unit 92 sets a setting value, the setting value is transmitted to the controller 50. Based on the transmitted set value, the controller 50 controls the irradiation direction adjusting mechanism 90 so that the laser irradiation angle β becomes an angle corresponding to the set value.

  The setting unit 92 also has a function of receiving an instruction for operating the moving mechanism 91 from an operator of the hybrid welding apparatus 100. When an operator of the hybrid welding apparatus 100 inputs a desired value to be set as an operation of the movement mechanism 91, a set value of the operation of the movement mechanism 91 (various operations such as movement start, movement stop, movement speed, etc.) is set. Is done. When the setting unit 92 sets a setting value, the setting value is transmitted to the controller 50. The controller 50 controls the moving mechanism 91 based on the transmitted set value.

  Next, an angle adjustment mechanism (angle adjustment unit) 80 further provided in the hybrid welding apparatus 100 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 2 is a front view showing the laser head 10 and the arc torch 20 of the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a right side view showing the laser head 10 and the arc torch 20 of the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is a top view showing the laser head 10 and the arc torch 20 of the present embodiment. The arrow of the welding direction shown in FIG. 3 shows the direction in which the hybrid welding apparatus 100 moves relative to the welding target 200. 2 and 3 show a state in which fillet welding is performed in a state where the end surface of the plate-shaped welding target 201 is abutted against the surface of the plate-shaped welding target 200.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the angle adjustment mechanism 80 includes a slide plate 81, a slide member 82, a slide plate 83, a slide plate 84, and a bolt 85. As shown in FIG. 2, the slide plate 81 is provided with an insertion hole 86 into which the slide member 82 is inserted. The slide member 82 is fixed to the slide plate 81 by fastening bolts 87 to fastening holes (not shown) provided in the slide member 82 in a state of being inserted into the insertion holes 86.

  The insertion hole 86 shown in FIG. 2 is a hole extending along the circumference of a circle centered on the intersection point P between the central axis X1 of the laser head 10 and the central axis X2 of the arc torch 20. By adjusting the position of the slide member 82 inserted into the insertion hole 86, the relative angle α formed by the center axis X1 of the laser head 10 and the center axis X2 of the arc torch 20 is adjusted while the position of the intersection P is fixed. be able to.

  The axial direction of the central axis X1 of the laser head 10 coincides with the laser irradiation direction of the laser head 10, and this direction is a penetration direction by laser welding. Further, the axial direction of the central axis X2 of the arc torch 20 coincides with the direction in which the arc torch 20 supplies the welding wire 21 (wire supply direction), and this direction is the direction of the build-up in arc welding.

  Therefore, the relative angle α is determined by the laser irradiation direction of the laser head 10 on the plane (orthogonal plane) intersecting the welding direction (direction shown in FIG. 3) of the hybrid welding apparatus 100 and the plane (orthogonal plane) intersecting the welding direction. The relative angle formed by the wire supply direction of the arc torch 20 in FIG. Of the angle adjustment mechanism 80, the slide plate 81, the slide member 82, and the bolt 87 constitute a mechanism (first angle adjustment unit) that adjusts the first relative angle α.

  As shown in FIG. 3, each of the slide plate 83 and the slide plate 84 is provided with a pair of bolt insertion holes extending in parallel at two locations. The bolt 85 is fastened to a bolt fastening hole (not shown) provided at a predetermined position of the laser head 10 while being inserted into the pair of bolt insertion holes. The end of the slide plate 84 is fixed to the slide plate 81. The position of the arc torch 20 in the vertical direction (direction indicated by Z in FIG. 3) relative to the laser head 10 can be adjusted by moving the slide plate 83 with the bolt 85 loosened. Further, by moving the slide plate 84 with the bolts 84 loosened, the position of the arc torch 20 in the horizontal direction (direction indicated by X in FIG. 3) relative to the laser head 10 can be adjusted. The vertical and horizontal positions of the arc torch 20 are fixed by fastening bolts 85.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the arc torch 20 is fixed to the slide member 82, but an attachment angle adjusting mechanism capable of arbitrarily adjusting the attachment angle with respect to the slide member 82 is provided. After adjusting the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the arc torch 20 with respect to the laser head 10, the mounting angle of the arc torch 20 with respect to the slide member 82 is adjusted to thereby adjust the center axis X 1 of the laser head 10 and the arc torch 20 in the welding direction. The relative angle θ1 (second relative angle) formed by the central axis X2 can be adjusted.

As described above, the axial direction of the central axis X1 of the laser head 10 coincides with the laser irradiation direction of the laser head 10, and the arc torch 20 supplies the welding wire 21 in the axial direction of the central axis X2 of the arc torch 20. It matches the wire supply direction.
Therefore, the second relative angle θ1 is a relative angle formed by the laser irradiation direction of the laser head 10 in the welding direction (direction shown in FIG. 3) of the hybrid welding apparatus 100 and the wire supply direction of the arc torch 20 in the welding direction. . Of the angle adjustment mechanism 80, the slide plate 83, the slide plate 84, and the attachment angle adjustment mechanism are mechanisms (second angle adjustment units) for adjusting the second relative angle θ1. The second relative angle θ <b> 1 forms a weld portion having sufficient strength according to various conditions such as the speed at which the hybrid welding apparatus 100 moves with respect to the welding target 200 (welding speed) and the laser irradiation intensity of the laser head 10. The angle adjustment mechanism 80 is appropriately adjusted so as to be possible.

In FIG. 3, the angle θ <b> 2 indicates an angle of the laser irradiation direction of the laser head 10 with respect to the welding direction in a plane along the welding direction. Further, the angle θ3 indicates the angle of the wire supply direction of the arc torch 20 with respect to the welding direction on a plane along the welding direction.
The angle θ1 and the angles θ2 and θ3 described above have a relationship of the following expression (1).
θ2 = θ1 + θ3 (1)
Here, the angle θ2 is an angle fixed in advance, and the angle θ1 is an angle adjusted by the angle adjusting mechanism 80 described above. Therefore, by adjusting the angle θ2 by the angle adjusting mechanism 80, the angle θ3 is also adjusted.

  The angle θ2 is desirably set to be, for example, 5 ° or more and less than 175 °. However, the angle θ2 is set in a range where the arc torch 20 and the laser head 10 themselves do not contact the welding objects 200 and 201. The angle θ2 is set to be 5 ° or more and less than 175 °. When the angle θ2 is less than 5 ° or 175 ° or more, the laser beam is irradiated almost in parallel with the surface of the welding target 200. This is because the irradiation position of the laser beam is not stable and sufficient melting cannot be obtained.

  The angle θ3 is desirably set to be, for example, 3 ° or more and less than 20 °, or greater than 160 ° and 177 ° or less. However, the angle θ3 is set in a range where the arc torch 20 and the laser head 10 themselves do not contact the welding objects 200 and 201.

  In FIG. 3, the virtual welding line 11 indicates a set of welding positions targeted by the laser head 10 and extends along the extending direction in which the plate-shaped welding target 200 extends. The direction in which the virtual weld line 11 extends coincides with the welding direction. The virtual welding line 11 indicates a position where the laser head 10 sets various parameters as the irradiation target position. The virtual welding line 11 is “virtual” because actual welding is performed on the surface of the welding target 200.

  In FIG. 3, a point 12 indicates an intersection between the virtual welding line 11 and the central axis X <b> 2 of the arc torch 20, and a point 13 indicates an intersection between the virtual welding line 11 and the central axis X <b> 1 of the laser head 10. The distance along the virtual weld line 11 between the point 12 and the point 13 is preferably set in a range of 0 to 10 mm, for example. This is because if this distance is too far, a time difference will occur before welding with the arc torch 20 is performed on the welding object 200 melted by laser irradiation by the laser head 10.

Next, adjustment of the laser irradiation direction in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a steel deck 500 to be welded by the hybrid welding apparatus 100 of the present embodiment. Moreover, FIG. 6 is an AA arrow sectional view of the steel deck 500 shown in FIG.

  A steel deck 500 shown in FIG. 5 is mainly used for a bridge on which a vehicle travels, and includes a deck plate 501 on a flat plate and rib members 502, 503, and 504 having substantially U-shaped cross sections. . Although the steel deck 500 shown in FIG. 5 includes the three rib members 502, 503, and 504, the steel deck 500 may include a larger number of rib members.

  The steel deck 500 to be welded has a plate-like deck plate 501 (first plate material) extending in the horizontal direction, and the end surfaces of plate-like rib members 502, 503, and 504 (second plate material) are deck plates. It is abutted from the lower surface of 501. The steel slab 500 has fillet welds 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510 at portions where the deck plate 501 and the rib members 502, 503, 504 are abutted. These fillet welds 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510 are previously formed by welding. The hybrid welding apparatus 100 of this embodiment performs welding again in order to repair damage that has occurred in the fillet welded portion previously formed on the steel deck 500 and its periphery.

As shown in FIG. 5, the rib members 502, 503, and 504 have a substantially U-shaped cross section, and two end faces in the cross section are connected to the deck plate 501. When the end surfaces of the rib members 502, 503, and 504 are in contact with the deck plate 501, a closed space is formed. Therefore, the deck plate 501 and the rib member cannot be welded from the closed space side.
Therefore, the fillet welded portion of the steel deck 500 according to the present embodiment is welded only on one side of the end face of the rib member.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the hybrid welding apparatus 100 includes a moving mechanism 91 disposed on the grounding surface 520 and can be moved along the welding direction by the moving mechanism 91. Further, the hybrid welding apparatus 100 is disposed in a state where the laser head 10 and the arc torch 20 are close to the fillet welded portion 507.
Therefore, the hybrid welding apparatus 100 of this embodiment can perform welding continuously in the welding direction by moving along the welding direction by the moving mechanism 91 while performing welding by the laser head 10 and the arc torch 20. It is possible.

  FIGS. 7 to 9 are diagrams illustrating an adjustment method for adjusting the laser irradiation direction on a plane intersecting the welding direction using the setting unit 92 and the irradiation direction adjusting mechanism 90. 7 to 9 are partial enlarged views of the fillet welded portion 507 of the steel deck 500 shown in FIG. 5, and are diagrams showing an example of the laser irradiation direction.

  As will be described below, the fillet welded portion 507 normally has different types of damage such as cracks at each location depending on the usage environment and usage conditions. For different types of damage, it is desirable to perform repairs suitable for each type of damage. In the following, the damage of the three patterns shown in FIGS. 7, 8, and 9 will be described, and a desirable repair for each pattern will be described.

The fillet welded portion 507 shown in FIG. 7 has a bead 73 that is a portion where the weld metal is raised in a band shape, and the deck plate 501 and the rib member 502 are welded by the bead 73.
The reference axis 71 is a straight line that passes through the virtual welding line 11 and extends in the direction in which the deck plate 501 extends. The reference shaft 72 is a straight line that passes through the virtual welding line 11 and extends in the direction in which the rib member 502 extends. An angle formed by the reference axis 71 and the reference axis 72 is an angle A1.

  The end surface 76 is a surface that contacts the space closed by the deck plate 501 and the rib member 502 at a portion of the bead 73 where the surface of the deck plate 501 and the end surface of the rib member 502 face each other. In the example shown in FIG. 7, the bead 73 exists over the thickness of the rib member 502, and no unwelded portion exists between the deck plate 501 and the rib member 502.

  A crack 74 (crack) from the outer surface to the virtual weld line 11 exists in the bead 73 of the fillet weld 507 shown in FIG. On the other hand, in the fillet welded portion 507 shown in FIG. 7, there is no unwelded portion, and there is no crack in the deck plate 501.

  Therefore, in order to repair the fillet weld 507 in the state shown in FIG. 7, the operator determines that the laser irradiation direction determined by the laser irradiation angle β in the plane intersecting the welding direction is the propagation direction of the reference axis 71 and the crack 74. The set value of the setting unit 92 is input so as to be (angle A2 in FIG. 7). The setting unit 92 that has received an input from the operator sets a setting value according to the operation of the operator, and transmits the setting value to the controller 50.

  The controller 50 to which the set value has been transmitted controls the irradiation direction adjusting mechanism 90 so that the laser irradiation angle β becomes an angle A2 corresponding to the set value. The irradiation direction adjusting mechanism 90 is controlled by the controller 50 to adjust the laser irradiation angle β of the laser head 10 on the plane intersecting the welding direction to be the angle A2. FIG. 7 shows a state in which the laser irradiation angle β is adjusted to be the angle A2.

  The fillet weld 507 shown in FIG. 8 is the same as the example shown in FIG. 7 in that a crack 74 exists in the bead 73. In the fillet welded portion 507 shown in FIG. 8, the bead 73 over the plate thickness of the rib member 502 does not exist, and an unwelded portion exists between the deck plate 501 and the rib member 502. The bead 73 shown in FIG. 8 has the end face 76 set back compared to the bead 73 shown in FIG. A region close to the end surface 76 is an unwelded portion.

  In order to repair the fillet welded portion 507 in the state shown in FIG. 8, the operator inputs the set value of the setting portion 92 so that the center portion of the end face 76 is disposed on the extended line in the laser irradiation direction. At this time, the operator inputs the set value of the setting unit 92 so that the extension line in the laser irradiation direction becomes an angle (angle A3 in FIG. 8) intersecting the midpoint B3 of the ends B1 and B2 of the crack 74. do. The setting unit 92 that has received an input from the operator sets a setting value according to the operation of the operator, and transmits the setting value to the controller 50.

  The controller 50 to which the set value has been transmitted controls the irradiation direction adjusting mechanism 90 so that the laser irradiation angle β becomes an angle A3 corresponding to the set value. The irradiation direction adjusting mechanism 90 is controlled by the controller 50 to adjust the laser irradiation angle β of the laser head 10 in the plane intersecting the welding direction to be the angle A3.

  The fillet welded portion 507 shown in FIG. 9 is the same as the example shown in FIG. 8 in that the crack 74 exists in the bead 73 and the unwelded portion exists. In the fillet welded portion 507 shown in FIG. 9, there is a crack 77 (crack) extending in the thickness direction on the deck plate 501.

  In order to repair the fillet welded portion 507 in the state shown in FIG. 9, the operator sets the setting portion 92 so that the position of the crack 77 on the surface of the deck plate 501 exists on the extended line in the laser irradiation direction. Enter the setting value. At this time, the operator inputs the set value of the setting unit 92 so that the extension line in the laser irradiation direction becomes an angle (angle A4 in FIG. 9) intersecting the midpoint B6 of the ends B4 and B5 of the crack 74. do. The setting unit 92 that has received an input from the operator sets a setting value according to the operation of the operator, and transmits the setting value to the controller 50.

  The controller 50 to which the set value has been transmitted controls the irradiation direction adjusting mechanism 90 so that the laser irradiation angle β becomes an angle A4 corresponding to the set value. The irradiation direction adjusting mechanism 90 is controlled by the controller 50 to adjust the laser irradiation angle β of the laser head 10 in the plane intersecting the welding direction to be the angle A4.

  As described above with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9, the operator of the hybrid welding apparatus 100 inputs an appropriate set value to the setting unit 92 according to the damage state such as cracks existing in the fillet welded portion 507. By inputting an appropriate set value, the hybrid welding apparatus 100 can adjust the laser irradiation direction in a plane intersecting the welding direction to an appropriate angle according to the damaged state of the fillet welded portion 507.

Next, adjustment of an angle formed by the wire supply direction and the extending direction of the deck plate 501 in a plane intersecting the welding direction will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 10 is a partially enlarged view of the fillet welded portion 507 of the steel deck 500 shown in FIG. 5, and is a diagram showing an example of the wire supply direction.
As described above, the laser irradiation direction of the laser head 10 can be appropriately adjusted by inputting the set value of the operator. On the other hand, the relative angle α formed by the central axis X1 of the laser head 10 and the central axis X2 of the arc torch 20 can be adjusted by the angle adjusting mechanism 80.

Although the relative angle α can be arbitrarily set by the angle adjusting mechanism 80, the angle A7 formed by the central axis X2 of the arc torch 20 and the extending direction of the deck plate 501 is expressed by the following equations (2) and (3). It is desirable that the range satisfy either of the above.
3 ° ≦ A7 <83 ° (2)
97 ° <A7 ≦ A1-3 ° (3)
Note that the angle of 3 ° in the equations (2) and (3) corresponds to the angle A6 in FIG. Further, the angles of 83 ° and 97 ° in the equations (2) and (3) correspond to the angle A5 in FIG.

The conditions indicated by the equations (2) and (3) are to prevent the arc torch 20 from being too close to the deck plate 501 and the rib member 502.
This is because the angle formed by the wire supply direction and the extending direction of the deck plate 501 is smaller than 3 °, and it is possible to prevent problems caused by the arc discharge being drawn toward the deck plate 501 side. Similarly, the angle formed by the wire supply direction and the extending direction of the rib member 502 is smaller than 3 °, and the arc discharge is prevented from being attracted to the rib member 502 side.

Another condition indicated by equations (2) and (3) is that the arc torch 20 is not too close to the vertical direction.
The reason for this is to prevent a problem that spatters and the like scattered during welding with the wire supply direction facing upward in the vertical direction are likely to fall onto the laser head 10 and the arc torch 20 below the vertical direction.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, when the laser head 10 and the arc torch 20 are moved along the welding direction by the moving mechanism 91, the laser irradiation direction of the laser head 10 on a plane intersecting the welding direction. However, the state is adjusted by the irradiation direction adjusting mechanism 90 based on the set value set by the operator or the like. Therefore, the operator of the hybrid welding apparatus 100 does not need to manually adjust an appropriate laser irradiation direction while moving the laser head 10 and the arc torch 20 along the welding direction.

  By doing in this way, when welding along a welding direction, moving the relative position of the laser head 10 and the arc torch 20 with respect to a welding object, the laser irradiation direction in the plane which cross | intersects a welding direction is adjusted appropriately. Therefore, it is possible to provide a hybrid welding apparatus 100 that can perform the above-described process.

In addition, according to the present embodiment, the welding target is the fillet welded portion 507 formed at the portion where the end surface of the rib member 502 is abutted against the deck plate 501, and the setting unit 92 has a laser irradiation direction of fillet The set value is set so as to be the direction in which the crack 74 existing in the bead 73 included in the welded portion 507 propagates.
By doing in this way, when a crack exists in the bead 73 included in the fillet welded portion 507, the laser is irradiated in the progress direction, and therefore, further progress of the crack in the bead 73 can be prevented. .

Further, according to the present embodiment, the welding target is the fillet welded portion 507 formed at the portion where the end surface of the rib member 502 is abutted against the deck plate 501, and the setting unit 90 has a laser irradiation direction of fillet The set value is set so as to be in a direction toward the bead 73 that crosses the progress direction of the crack 74 existing in the bead 73 included in the welded portion 507 and is close to the unwelded portion of the deck plate 501 and the rib member 507.
By doing in this way, when the crack 74 exists in the bead 73 included in the fillet welded portion 507 and there is an unwelded portion between the deck plate 501 and the rib member 502, the crack 74 of the bead 73 is further increased. It is possible to improve the welding strength of the unwelded portion while preventing the progress.

Further, according to the present embodiment, the setting unit 92 sets the setting value so that the laser irradiation direction is a direction intersecting the midpoint B3 of the straight line connecting both ends B1 and B2 of the bead 73 in the propagation direction of the crack 74. Set.
By doing in this way, the center part of the crack 74 of the bead 73 can be welded, and the further progress of the crack 74 of the bead 73 can be prevented.

In addition, according to the present embodiment, the welding target is the fillet welded portion 507 formed at the portion where the end surface of the rib member 502 is abutted against the deck plate 501, and the setting portion 92 has a laser irradiation direction of the deck plate The set value is set so that the crack 77 existing in the vicinity of the fillet weld 507 of 501 is directed toward the position on the surface of the deck plate 501.
By doing so, when there is a crack 77 that propagates from the surface of the deck plate 501, a weld is formed on the surface of the deck plate 501 to prevent the crack 77 from progressing inside the deck plate 501. can do.

Further, the setting unit 92 may set the setting value so that the laser irradiation direction is the direction in which the crack 74 existing in the bead 73 included in the fillet welded portion 507 is propagated.
By doing in this way, when the crack 74 exists in the bead 73 contained in a welding part, the further progress of the crack 74 of the bead 73 can be prevented.

Moreover, according to this embodiment, the angle adjustment which can adjust the relative angle which the laser irradiation direction of the laser head 10 in the plane which cross | intersects a welding direction and the wire supply direction of the arc torch 20 in the plane which cross | intersects a welding direction makes. A mechanism 80 is provided.
By doing in this way, the wire supply direction with respect to a laser irradiation direction can be adjusted appropriately so that the wire of the arc torch 20 can be supplied from an appropriate direction with respect to the laser irradiation direction.

In addition, the angle adjustment mechanism 80 is configured so that the angle A6 formed by the wire supply direction and the extending direction of the deck plate 501 and the angle A6 formed by the wire supply direction and the extending direction of the rib member 502 are 3 ° or more, respectively. Adjust the angle α.
By doing in this way, the angle which the wire supply direction and the extending direction of the deck plate 501 make becomes smaller than 3 degrees, and the malfunction by an arc discharge being drawn near to the deck plate 501 side can be prevented. Similarly, the angle formed by the wire supply direction and the extending direction of the rib member 502 is smaller than 3 °, and it is possible to prevent problems caused by the arc discharge being drawn toward the rib member 502 side.

Further, according to the present embodiment, the deck plate 501 extends in the horizontal direction, and the fillet welded portion 507 is formed at a portion where the end surface of the rib member 502 is abutted with the lower surface of the deck plate 501. The angle adjustment mechanism 80 adjusts the relative angle α so that the angle formed by the wire supply direction and the extending direction of the deck plate 501 does not become 83 ° or more and 97 ° or less.
By doing so, it is possible to prevent a problem that spatters and the like scattered during welding with the wire supply direction upward in the vertical direction are likely to fall onto the laser head 10 and the arc torch 20 below the vertical direction.

[Other Embodiments]
The hybrid welding apparatus 100 of the above-described embodiment is an apparatus of a system that moves the relative position along the welding direction by moving the hybrid welding apparatus 100 in a state where the welding target 200 is fixed. It may be a device.
For example, the hybrid welding apparatus 100 itself may not move, but may be an apparatus that moves a welding mechanism including the laser head 10 and the arc torch 20 along the welding direction by an arm mechanism (not shown) or the like.

In the hybrid welding apparatus 100 of the above-described embodiment, when moving in the welding direction as shown in FIG. 3, welding by the arc torch 20 is performed after welding by the laser head 10. The aspect of this may be sufficient.
For example, when moving in the welding direction, welding by the laser head 10 may be performed after welding by the arc torch 20 is performed.

The hybrid welding apparatus 100 of the above-described embodiment repairs the fillet welded portion previously formed on the steel deck 500 and the damage generated in the vicinity thereof, but may be in other forms. For example, the aspect which manufactures the new steel deck 500 by joining the rib members 502,503,504 to the deck plate 501 newly by welding may be sufficient.
In this case, with the deck plate 501 installed on the ground contact surface 520 and the rib members 502, 503, and 504 placed thereon, the hybrid welding apparatus 100 is set in the laser irradiation direction from the upper side to the lower side in the vertical direction. It is desirable to operate.

In the above-described embodiment, the operator inputs an appropriate set value according to the damaged state of the fillet welded portion 507, but other modes may be used.
For example, the damage state of the fillet welded portion 507 is detected in advance by a damage detection device (not shown) or the like, and an appropriate setting value is stored in a storage unit (not shown), and the setting unit 92 is stored in the storage unit. Alternatively, the set value may be read out and set.
Furthermore, you may make it memorize | store the damage state of the fillet weld part 507 of several places along a welding direction in a memory | storage part. In this case, as the moving mechanism 91 moves the hybrid welding apparatus 100 along the welding direction, the setting unit 92 reads the setting value of the laser irradiation direction corresponding to each position in the welding direction from the storage unit and sets the setting value. It is desirable to set. By doing in this way, the hybrid welding apparatus 100 which can adjust the suitable laser irradiation direction according to each position, moving along a welding direction can be provided.

10 Laser head (laser welding part)
11 Virtual welding line 20 Arc torch (arc welding part)
30 Wire feeder (wire supply unit)
40 Power supply 50 Controller 74 Crack
80 Angle adjustment mechanism (first angle adjustment unit, second angle adjustment unit)
90 Irradiation direction adjustment mechanism (irradiation direction adjustment unit)
91 Moving mechanism 92 Setting unit 100 Hybrid welding apparatus 200, 201 Welding object 500 Steel deck 501 Deck plates 502, 503, 504 Rib member X1 Laser head central axis X2 Arc torch central axis α Relative angle β Laser irradiation angle (laser Irradiation direction)

Claims (10)

A laser welding part connected to a laser oscillator and performing welding by irradiating a welding target with a laser oscillated by the laser oscillator;
An arc welding part which has a wire supply part for supplying a welding wire connected to a power supply and performs welding by supplying the welding wire to the welding object;
A moving mechanism for moving a relative position of the laser welded part and the arc welded part with respect to the welding object along a welding direction;
A setting unit for setting a setting value of the laser irradiation direction of the laser welding part in a plane intersecting the welding direction;
An irradiation direction adjusting unit that adjusts the laser irradiation direction based on the setting value set by the setting unit;
The welding object is a fillet weld formed on a portion where the end face of the second plate is abutted against the first plate,
The setting unit is a welding apparatus that sets the set value so that the laser irradiation direction is a propagation direction of a crack existing in a bead portion included in the fillet weld. A laser welding part connected to a laser oscillator and performing welding by irradiating a welding target with a laser oscillated by the laser oscillator;
An arc welding part which has a wire supply part for supplying a welding wire connected to a power supply and performs welding by supplying the welding wire to the welding object;
A moving mechanism for moving a relative position of the laser welded part and the arc welded part with respect to the welding object along a welding direction;
A setting unit for setting a setting value of the laser irradiation direction of the laser welding part in a plane intersecting the welding direction;
An irradiation direction adjusting unit that adjusts the laser irradiation direction based on the setting value set by the setting unit;
The welding object is a fillet weld formed on a portion where the end face of the second plate is abutted against the first plate,
The setting unit is configured such that the laser irradiation direction intersects with a progress direction of a crack existing in a bead portion included in the fillet welded portion and is close to an unwelded portion of the first plate member and the second plate member. The welding apparatus which sets the said setting value so that it may become a direction which goes to a bead part. 3. The welding according to claim 2 , wherein the setting unit sets the setting value so that the laser irradiation direction is a direction intersecting with a midpoint of a straight line connecting both end portions of the bead portion in the crack propagation direction. apparatus. A laser welding part connected to a laser oscillator and performing welding by irradiating a welding target with a laser oscillated by the laser oscillator;
An arc welding part which has a wire supply part for supplying a welding wire connected to a power supply and performs welding by supplying the welding wire to the welding object;
A moving mechanism for moving a relative position of the laser welded part and the arc welded part with respect to the welding object along a welding direction;
A setting unit for setting a setting value of the laser irradiation direction of the laser welding part in a plane intersecting the welding direction;
An irradiation direction adjusting unit that adjusts the laser irradiation direction based on the setting value set by the setting unit;
The welding object is a fillet weld formed on a portion where the end face of the second plate is abutted against the first plate,
The setting unit sets the set value so that the laser irradiation direction is a direction toward a position on the surface of the first plate member of a crack existing in the vicinity of the fillet welded portion of the first plate member. Welding equipment to do. The setting unit is configured so that the laser irradiation direction is a direction intersecting with a midpoint of a straight line connecting both end portions of the bead portion in a propagation direction of a crack existing in a bead portion included in the fillet weld portion. The welding apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein a set value is set. An angle adjustment unit capable of adjusting a relative angle formed by the laser irradiation direction of the laser welded portion in a plane intersecting the welding direction and a wire supply direction of the arc welded portion in a plane intersecting the welding direction. The welding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5 . The angle adjusting unit is configured so that an angle formed by the wire supply direction and the extending direction of the first plate member and an angle formed by the wire supply direction and the extending direction of the second plate member are each 3 ° or more. The welding apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein the relative angle is adjusted. The first plate extends in the horizontal direction;
The fillet weld is formed in a portion where the end surface of the second plate member is abutted from the lower surface of the first plate member,
Said angle adjustment unit according to claim 6 or claim 7 extending direction angle between the wire supply direction wherein the first plate is adjusting the relative angle so as not to 83 ° or more and 97 ° or less Welding equipment. The welding object is a steel deck.
The first plate is a deck plate on a flat plate constituting the steel deck,
The welding apparatus according to any one of the second billing cross section plate material constituting the steel slab from claim 1, which is a rib member having a substantially U-shaped section 8. A laser welding unit connected to a laser oscillator and performing welding by irradiating a laser to be welded with a laser oscillated by the laser oscillator; a wire supply unit for supplying a welding wire connected to a power source; and welding the welding wire A welding method using a welding apparatus including an arc welding part that supplies and welds to an object,
A moving step of moving a relative position of the laser welded portion and the arc welded portion with respect to the welding object along a welding direction;
A setting step for receiving a command from an operator and setting a setting value of the laser irradiation direction of the laser welding portion in a plane intersecting the welding direction;
An irradiation direction adjustment step of adjusting the laser irradiation direction to be a direction corresponding to the set value by driving a drive source ;
The welding object is a fillet weld formed on a portion where the end face of the second plate is abutted against the first plate,
The said setting process is a welding method which sets the said setting value so that the said laser irradiation direction may become the propagation direction of the crack which exists in the bead part contained in the said fillet weld part .

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