CN118060723A - Laser arc composite welding system and method suitable for complex welding structure - Google Patents
Laser arc composite welding system and method suitable for complex welding structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of laser composite welding equipment, in particular to a laser arc composite welding system suitable for a complex welding structure, which is suitable for welding parts with multiple welding seams, multiple joint forms and multiple welding pose requirements and batch welding of the complex welding structure, does not need to manually adjust the welding poses of laser welding and arc welding, saves time and labor, is convenient and quick to adjust and weld, greatly improves the working efficiency, can effectively ensure that the same welding conditions and welding poses are adopted by multiple welding seams, and has high accuracy, and the welding quality of welded workpieces after welding is ensured. And meanwhile, the laser composite welding method is also provided, and is matched with the laser composite welding system, after the basic welding parameter adjustment is completed, the subsequent welding of batch welding parts only needs to be adjusted according to the process requirement, and automatic adjustment can be realized, so that the efficient high-quality batch welding is completed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser hybrid welding equipment, in particular to a laser arc hybrid welding system and method suitable for a complex welding structure.
Background
The laser-arc composite welding is an advanced welding process combining two welding technologies of laser welding and arc welding, fully utilizes the high energy density and deep melting capacity of laser beams and the functions of supplementary heating and wire feeding and filling of an arc heat source of the arc welding, obtains larger welding penetration and realizes a high-efficiency and high-quality welding process. In the batch production of laser-arc hybrid welding, for welding parts with complex welding structures such as multiple welding seams, multiple joint forms and multiple welding pose requirements, the relative pose and space parameters of laser and electric arc are required to be adjusted so as to meet the process requirements, the adjustment process is complex, manual adjustment is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the high-efficiency high-quality production requirements are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser arc composite welding system suitable for a complex welding structure, which realizes rapid adjustment of laser and arc welding space pose parameters and high-efficiency high-quality welding in the batch production process of the complex welding structure such as laser composite welding with multiple welding seams, multiple joint forms and multiple welding poses; and a welding method thereof is also provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, the application provides a laser arc composite welding system suitable for a complex welding structure, which comprises a manipulator, a laser welding device, an arc welding device, a rotating device and an adjusting device;
the laser welding device moves in different directions through the manipulator, the arc welding device is connected with the laser welding device through the adjusting device, the adjusting device is used for adjusting the relative position between the arc welding device and the laser welding device, and the rotating device is arranged between the adjusting device and the arc welding device and used for adjusting the relative welding angle of the arc welding device.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the rotating device comprises a servo motor and a transmission mechanism, wherein the servo motor is fixedly sleeved on an arc welding gun of the arc welding device through a connecting piece, and the servo motor drives the arc welding gun to rotate through the transmission mechanism.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the transmission mechanism comprises a gear and a rack, the gear is fixedly arranged at the output end of the servo motor and driven by the servo motor to rotate, the rack is fixedly arranged on the fixing seat, the fixing seat is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the adjusting device, and the gear is meshed with the rack.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the transmission mechanism further comprises a sliding rail and a sliding block, the sliding rail is fixedly arranged on the fixing seat, the sliding block is fixedly arranged on the connecting piece, and the sliding block is matched with the sliding rail and is in sliding connection with the sliding rail.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the adjusting device comprises a first driving mechanism, a second driving mechanism and a third driving mechanism which are respectively used for driving the arc welding device to move in the directions of an x axis, a y axis and a z axis, and the first driving mechanism, the second driving mechanism and the third driving mechanism have the same composition structure.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the first driving mechanism comprises a driving motor, a screw rod and a nut, the driving motor is arranged on the fixing seat, the screw rod is driven to rotate by the driving motor, the nut is sleeved on the screw rod and is in sliding connection with the screw rod, the second driving mechanism is arranged on the nut of the first driving mechanism, the third driving mechanism is arranged on the nut of the second driving mechanism, and the laser welding device is arranged on the nut of the third driving mechanism.
On the other hand, the application provides a composite welding method, which adopts the laser arc composite welding system suitable for the complex welding structure and comprises the following steps:
step one: adjusting the laser welding posture; driving the laser welding device to move in different directions by adopting a manipulator, and determining the defocusing amount and the light spot size of the laser welding device; then driving a laser welding device to deflect to a welding angle required by laser welding;
step two: centering and adjusting the optical fiber; centering and adjusting the position of the arc welding device in the x-axis direction by an adjusting device to ensure that the laser beam action point of the laser welding device and the tail end of the arc welding wire are centered in the x-axis direction, namely, the connecting line of the laser beam action point and the tail end point of the arc welding wire is parallel to the welding line;
Step three: adjusting the distance and the relative height of the optical wires; the position of the arc welding device in the y-axis direction is adjusted through an adjusting device, and the distance between the light wires is determined; adjusting the position of the arc welding device in the z-axis direction, and adapting the arc welding height after the laser welding posture is adjusted in the first step;
Step four: arc welding angle adjustment; the relative angle value of the arc welding device and the laser welding device is adjusted through the rotating device so as to meet the welding angle required by arc welding;
Step five: welding; and after the welding parameters are adjusted, welding is performed, and after one welding line is welded, the whole welding system is translated to the position of the next welding line by adopting a manipulator, and the required laser welding posture and arc welding posture are adjusted for welding.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the arc welding angle adjusting process in the fourth step comprises the following steps:
The method comprises the steps that a connecting line between a laser beam acting point and the tail end of an arc welding wire is taken as a rotation axis, the tail end of the arc welding wire of an arc welding device is taken as a circle center, a vertical plane between the tail end of the arc welding wire and the rotation axis is taken as a rotation plane, the distance between a connecting point of the arc welding device and a connecting piece and the rotation axis is taken as a rotation radius, and the arc welding gun rotation plane of the arc welding device is positioned in the vertical plane of the rotation axis;
the arc welding gun is controlled to rotate through the rotating device, the tail end position of the arc welding wire is always positioned on the rotating shaft line and is kept motionless, namely, the relative position of the laser beam acting point and the arc welding wire is not changed along with the rotation of the arc welding gun.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the rotation angle of the arc welding device relative to the laser welding device ranges from-70 degrees to 70 degrees.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The application provides a laser-arc composite welding system which is suitable for welding parts with complex welding structures such as multiple welding seams, multiple joint forms and multiple welding pose requirements and batch welding thereof, does not need to manually adjust the welding poses of laser welding and arc welding, saves time and labor, is convenient and quick to adjust and weld operation, greatly improves the working efficiency, can effectively ensure that the same welding conditions and welding poses are adopted by multiple welding seams, and has high accuracy, and the welding quality of welded workpieces after welding is ensured.
2. The application also provides a composite welding method, which is matched with the laser composite welding system, after the basic welding parameter adjustment is completed, the subsequent multi-pass welding process and the welding process of other batch welding parts only need to adjust the laser welding gesture and the arc welding gesture according to the process requirement, and the automatic adjustment can be realized, the manual adjustment is not needed, the adjustment operation is more convenient, the time and the labor are saved, and the efficient high-quality batch welding is completed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of another angle of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a rotary device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the adjusting device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a first driving mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the axis of rotation and vertical plane of the present invention; wherein the left arrow represents the laser beam and the right arrow represents the position of the arc welding gun;
FIG. 7 is a welding position of a laser beam and an arc welding gun in the laser hybrid welding process of example 2;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken at A-A of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a weld pose transition process for a symmetric weld of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate an orientation or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, a laser arc hybrid welding system suitable for a complex welding structure comprises a manipulator, a laser welding device 1, an arc welding device 2, a rotating device 3 and an adjusting device 4;
The laser welding device 1 moves in different directions through a manipulator, the arc welding device 2 is connected with the laser welding device 1 through an adjusting device 4, the adjusting device 4 is used for adjusting the relative position between the arc welding device 2 and the laser welding device 1, and the rotating device 3 is arranged between the adjusting device 4 and the arc welding device 2 and is used for adjusting the relative welding angle of the arc welding device 2.
The application provides a laser composite welding system which is suitable for welding parts with complex welding structures such as multiple welding seams, multiple joint forms and multiple welding pose requirements and batch welding thereof, does not need to manually adjust the welding poses of laser welding and arc welding, saves time and labor, is convenient and quick to adjust and weld operation, greatly improves the working efficiency, can effectively ensure that the same welding conditions and welding poses are adopted by multiple welding seams, and has high accuracy, and the welding quality of welded workpieces after welding is ensured.
Specifically, the robot controls the movement of the laser welding apparatus 1 in different directions and adjusts a required welding angle, wherein the robot structure is not shown in the drawing; meanwhile, the arc welding device 2 is arranged on the laser welding device 1 through the rotating device 3 and the adjusting device 4, the manipulator drives the whole laser composite welding system to act together when driving the laser welding device 1 to move, and the relative positions of the arc welding device 2 and the laser welding device 1, such as the relative height, the distance between optical wires and the like, are adjusted through the adjusting device 4; the relative angle value of the arc welding gun and the laser beam is adjusted through the rotating device 3, so that the automatic adjustment of the required arc welding angle is realized; convenient operation promotes efficiency, and labour saving and time saving can guarantee welding quality's uniformity when welding in batches.
In the laser hybrid welding process, the defocus amount refers to the distance between the laser beam focus and the welding workpiece relative to the position of the workpiece surface, and the wire pitch refers to the distance between the laser beam focus and the arc welding wire.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the rotating device 3 comprises a servo motor 31 and a transmission mechanism, the servo motor 31 is fixedly sleeved on an arc welding gun of the arc welding device 2 through a connecting piece 32, and the servo motor 31 drives the arc welding gun to rotate through the transmission mechanism.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the transmission mechanism comprises a gear 33 and a rack 34, the gear 33 is fixedly arranged at the output end of the servo motor 31 and driven by the servo motor 31 to rotate, the rack 34 is fixedly arranged on the fixing seat 5, the fixing seat 5 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the adjusting device 4, and the gear 33 is meshed with the rack 34.
According to the application, the relative angle value of the arc welding gun and the laser beam is adjusted through the rotating device 3, so that the automatic rotation of the arc welding gun is realized, and the welding angle of the arc welding gun is met; in the welding process of complex welding structures such as welding requirements of multiple welding seams, multiple joint forms and multiple welding positions, the automatic adjustment of the welding positions can be realized, and the welding is convenient and quick. Specifically, the servo motor 31 is connected with the arc welding gun through a connecting piece 32, and preferably, the rack 34 and the slide rail 35 are both arranged in an arc shape; the servo motor 31 drives the gear 33 to rotate, the gear 33 is meshed with the rack 34 and moves along the arc sliding rail, so that the servo motor 31 and the arc welding gun are driven to rotate, the rotating circle center is always the tail end of the arc welding wire, the tail end of the arc welding wire is not moved, a fixed distance is kept between the tail end of the arc welding wire and a laser beam action point, and therefore key welding process parameters such as a light wire interval and the like can be kept unchanged, and welding quality of a welding seam is guaranteed.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the transmission mechanism further comprises a sliding rail 35 and a sliding block 36, the sliding rail 35 is fixedly arranged on the fixed seat 5, the sliding block 36 is fixedly arranged on the connecting piece 32, and the sliding block 36 is matched with the sliding rail 35 and is in sliding connection.
Specifically, the sliding rail 35 is fixedly disposed at the bottom end of the rack 34, and the slider 36 is disposed on the connecting member 32 and located at the bottom end of the servo motor 31. Through being provided with slide rail 35, be provided with slider 36 on arc welding gun's connecting piece 32 simultaneously, promptly through slider 36 and curved slide rail 35 slip, play good guide effect, guarantee that arc welding device 2 operates more steadily at angle regulation's in-process.
On the basis of the above technical solution, the adjusting device 4 includes a first driving mechanism 41, a second driving mechanism 42 and a third driving mechanism 43, which are respectively used for driving the arc welding device 2 to move in the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis directions, and the first driving mechanism 41, the second driving mechanism 42 and the third driving mechanism 43 have the same composition structure.
On the basis of the above technical solution, the first driving mechanism 41 includes a driving motor 411, a screw rod 412 and a nut 413, the driving motor 411 is disposed on the fixing seat 5, the screw rod 412 is driven to rotate by the driving motor 411, the nut 413 is sleeved on the screw rod 412 and is slidingly connected, the second driving mechanism 42 is disposed on the nut of the first driving mechanism 41, the third driving mechanism 43 is disposed on the nut of the second driving mechanism 2, and the laser welding device 1 is disposed on the nut of the third driving mechanism 43.
Through being provided with first actuating mechanism 41, second actuating mechanism 42 and third actuating mechanism 43, can realize the three-dimensional positional adjustment of electric arc welding device 2 in x axle, y axle, z axle, realize the automatic adjustment to parameters such as light wire centering, light wire interval and the relative height of the adaptation with the laser welding device in the laser-electric arc hybrid welding process, the operation is more convenient, and the precision is high. Preferably, the first driving mechanism 41, the second driving mechanism 42 and the third driving mechanism 43 all adopt structures of a motor, a screw rod and a nut to realize driving, and the arc welding device can be driven to move in the three-dimensional direction through arrangement in the directions of an x axis, a y axis and a z axis respectively.
It should be noted that the x-axis, the y-axis and the z-axis are defined according to fig. 4, which is only for convenience of description and understanding of the technical solution of the present application, and is not meant to limit the present application.
The application also provides a composite welding method, which adopts the laser arc composite welding system suitable for the complex welding structure and comprises the following steps:
step one: adjusting the laser welding posture; the mechanical arm is adopted to drive the laser welding device 1 to move in different directions, and the defocusing amount and the light spot size of the laser welding device 1 are determined; then driving the laser welding device 1 to deflect to a welding angle required by laser welding;
Step two: centering and adjusting the optical fiber; centering and adjusting the position of the arc welding device 2 in the x-axis direction by the adjusting device 4 to ensure that the laser beam action point of the laser welding device 1 and the tail end of the arc welding wire are centered in the x-axis direction, namely the connecting line of the laser beam action point and the tail end point of the arc welding wire is parallel to the welding line;
Step three: adjusting the distance and the relative height of the optical wires; the position of the arc welding device 2 in the y-axis direction is adjusted by the adjusting device 4, and the distance between the light wires is determined; adjusting the position of the arc welding device 2 in the z-axis direction, and adapting the arc welding height after the laser welding posture is adjusted in the first step;
Specifically, after the position and the welding posture of the laser welding device 1 are determined, the electric arc welding device is driven to move in the x, y and z axis directions by the adjusting device 4, and the relative position of the electric arc welding device and the laser welding device 1 is adjusted; as shown in fig. 4, the position of the arc welding device 2 on the x axis is adjusted by the first driving mechanism 41, so that the laser beam focus and the arc welding wire are positioned on the same straight line and parallel to the welding line, and the centering adjustment of the optical wire is realized; adjusting the height position of the arc welding device 2 in the z direction to adapt to the relative change of the height of the laser beam action point; namely, the laser defocusing amount is realized by adopting the height change of a laser head of the laser welding device 1 driven by a manipulator, and meanwhile, the height of the arc welding device 2 is correspondingly changed, so that the relative height of the arc welding device 2 in the z-axis direction is adjusted by adopting the adjusting device 4 when the arc welding height is required to be met, and the adaptation to the height position of a laser beam acting point is realized.
Step four: arc welding angle adjustment; the relative angle value of the arc welding device 2 and the laser welding device 1 is adjusted through the rotating device 3 so as to meet the welding angle required by arc welding;
Step five: welding; and after the welding parameters are adjusted, welding is performed, and after one welding line is welded, the whole welding system is translated to the position of the next welding line by adopting a manipulator, and the required laser welding posture and arc welding posture are adjusted for welding.
After the welding work of one welding line is finished, the manipulator drives the whole laser composite welding system to move to the position of the welding line to be welded, and the welding posture of the laser composite welding system is adjusted according to the actual process requirement, if the welding posture of the laser composite welding system is the same as that of the welding posture of the previous welding line, batch welding can be directly carried out without adjustment; and if the welding posture of the welding seam is different from that of the previous welding seam, repeating the welding parameter adjustment step, and welding after adjustment. In the batch welding operation with multiple welding seams, multiple joint forms and multiple welding pose requirements, the operation is more convenient, the manual operation is reduced, the welding efficiency is high, the manual adjustment error is reduced, and the welding quality of the welding seams is good.
In a more preferred embodiment, the x-direction position of the arc welding wire and the laser beam application point is adjusted; after the welding parameters in the first to fourth steps are adjusted, the laser and the electric arc reach the formal welding posture at the moment; however, under certain specific working conditions, for process requirements, a position difference between the end of the arc welding wire and the action point of the laser beam in the x direction is required, that is, a relative displacement is required, and at this time, only on the basis of completing the steps one to four, the position difference adjustment between the end of the arc welding wire and the action point of the laser beam in the x direction is realized by using the adjusting device 4.
By adopting the laser composite welding method provided by the application, the laser composite welding system is matched, after the basic welding parameter adjustment is finished, the subsequent welding process of multiple welding seams and the welding process of other batch welding components are only required to be adjusted according to the process requirements, and the automatic adjustment can be realized, the manual adjustment is not required, the adjustment operation is more convenient, the time and the labor are saved, and the efficient and high-quality batch welding is finished.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the arc welding angle adjusting process in the fourth step comprises the following steps:
The connecting line of the laser beam action point and the tail end of the arc welding wire is taken as a rotation axis L, the tail end of the arc welding wire of the arc welding device 2 is taken as a circle center, a vertical plane P between the tail end of the arc welding wire and the rotation axis L is taken as a rotation plane, the distance from the connecting point A of the arc welding device 2 and the connecting piece 32 to the rotation axis L is taken as a rotation radius, and the arc welding gun rotation plane of the arc welding device 2 is positioned in the vertical plane P of the rotation axis L;
The arc welding gun is controlled to rotate by the rotating device 3, and the tail end position of the arc welding wire is always positioned on the rotating axis L and is kept still, namely, the relative position of the laser beam acting point and the arc welding wire is not changed along with the rotation of the arc welding gun.
Specifically, a connecting line between a laser beam action point and the tail end of the arc welding wire is taken as a rotation axis, a rotation plane of the arc welding gun is positioned in a vertical plane P of the rotation axis L, a holding point A of the arc welding gun is positioned in the vertical plane P of the rotation axis L, the rotation of the arc welding gun takes the tail end of the arc welding wire as a rotation circle center, the distance between the holding point of the arc welding gun and the tail end of the arc welding wire as a rotation radius, and a rack and a slide rail are determined by an arc determined by the rotation radius. The arrangement can ensure that the rotation center and the rotation radius of the arc welding gun are unchanged, namely, the distance between the optical wires is kept unchanged, and the quality of welding seams is ensured.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the rotation angle of the arc welding device 2 relative to the laser welding device 1 ranges from-70 degrees to 70 degrees. The arc welding device 2 can realize the automatic angle rotation range of-70 degrees to 70 degrees, is suitable for most laser-arc composite welding processes, has wide adjustment range and better applicability, and can design the actual rotation angle according to the actual working conditions.
Example 2
In this embodiment, a case of welding a plurality of welding members having symmetrical welds, such as welding a workpiece having a U-shaped structure with two T-shaped welding joints, will be described.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, when two welding seams are needed to be welded in this embodiment, the welding direction needs to be kept the same, especially when two symmetrical T-shaped welding seam structures are used for welding a welding piece by adopting laser-arc hybrid welding, the gesture of laser and electric arc is different, manual adjustment is needed when each welding, for batch production of welding workpieces, the adjustment process is tedious, time and labor are wasted, production efficiency is affected, and meanwhile, errors are easily caused on key parameters such as welding angle, optical wire spacing and the like by manual adjustment, so that the quality of the final welding seam is affected, namely, the welding quality of two symmetrical welding seams is affected, and the production quality of the welding workpieces is affected.
Taking a U-shaped welding workpiece as an example, the U-shaped welding workpiece comprises a left T-shaped welding joint and a right T-shaped welding joint which are symmetrical, and the welding posture adjustment process of a laser beam and an arc welding gun in the welding process of two symmetrical welding seams is shown as shown in fig. 9; for example, the laser beam angle alpha required by the laser welding process is 10 degrees, and the arc welding gun angle beta required by the arc welding process is 45 degrees; before welding, determining and adjusting defocusing amount, adjusting the position of a laser welding device by using a manipulator, and then adjusting the laser welding angle of the laser welding device, namely driving the whole laser composite welding system to integrally rotate for 10 degrees by using the manipulator; then, adjusting the distance and the relative height of the optical wires by adopting an adjusting device to adapt to the welding position of the laser welding device; and then the rotating device drives the arc welding gun to rotate for the remaining 35 degrees to meet the angle required by arc welding, and then the welding process is carried out. After the welding work of the first welding line is finished, driving the whole laser composite welding system to the next symmetrical welding line structure by a manipulator, and if the laser welding posture and the electric arc welding posture need to be adjusted, adopting the cooperation action of the manipulator and a rotating device to adjust the welding angles of the laser beam and the electric arc welding gun, and then welding; and under the condition that the welding direction is kept the same as that of the first welding line, switching to the welding posture of the second symmetrical welding line, and completing the welding of the other symmetrical welding line by the step-by-step switching process in A-D shown in fig. 9. Likewise, when welding workpieces in batches, the positions and angles of the laser beams and the arc welding gun can be automatically adjusted without manual adjustment, the working efficiency is high, and the welding quality of the symmetrical welding seams can be maintained.
While the basic principles and main features of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and thus the embodiments should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. The laser arc composite welding system suitable for the complex welding structure comprises a manipulator and is characterized by further comprising a laser welding device (1), an arc welding device (2), a rotating device (3) and an adjusting device (4);
the laser welding device (1) moves in different directions through the manipulator, the arc welding device (2) is connected with the laser welding device (1) through the adjusting device (4), the adjusting device (4) is used for adjusting the relative position between the arc welding device (2) and the laser welding device (1), and the rotating device (3) is arranged between the adjusting device (4) and the arc welding device (2) and is used for adjusting the relative welding angle of the arc welding device (2).
2. The laser arc hybrid welding system suitable for the complex welding structure according to claim 1, wherein the rotating device (3) comprises a servo motor (31) and a transmission mechanism, the servo motor (31) is fixedly sleeved on an arc welding gun of the arc welding device (2) through a connecting piece (32), and the servo motor (31) drives the arc welding gun to rotate through the transmission mechanism.
3. The laser arc hybrid welding system suitable for the complex welding structure according to claim 2, wherein the transmission mechanism comprises a gear (33) and a rack (34), the gear (33) is fixedly arranged at the output end of the servo motor (31) and is driven to rotate by the servo motor (31), the rack (34) is fixedly arranged on the fixing seat (5), the fixing seat (5) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the adjusting device (4), and the gear (33) is meshed with the rack (34).
4. A laser arc hybrid welding system suitable for complex welding structures according to claim 3, characterized in that the transmission mechanism further comprises a sliding rail (35) and a sliding block (36), the sliding rail (35) is fixedly arranged on the fixing seat (5), the sliding block (36) is fixedly arranged on the connecting piece (32), and the sliding block (36) is matched with the sliding rail (35) and is in sliding connection.
5. A laser arc hybrid welding system suitable for complex welding structures according to claim 3, characterized in that the adjusting device (4) comprises a first driving mechanism (41), a second driving mechanism (42) and a third driving mechanism (43) for driving the movement of the arc welding device (2) in the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis directions, respectively, and the first driving mechanism (41), the second driving mechanism (42) and the third driving mechanism (43) have the same composition structure.
6. The laser arc hybrid welding system suitable for complex welding structures according to claim 5, wherein the first driving mechanism (41) comprises a driving motor (411), a screw rod (412) and a nut (413), the driving motor (411) is arranged on the fixed seat (5), the screw rod (412) is driven to rotate by the driving motor (411), the nut (413) is sleeved on the screw rod (412) and is in sliding connection, the second driving mechanism (42) is arranged on the nut of the first driving mechanism (41), the third driving mechanism (43) is arranged on the nut of the second driving mechanism (2), and the laser welding device (1) is arranged on the nut of the third driving mechanism (43).
7. A hybrid welding method employing the laser arc hybrid welding system for complex welding structures of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
Step one: adjusting the laser welding posture; driving the laser welding device (1) to move in different directions by adopting a mechanical arm, and determining the defocusing amount and the light spot size of the laser welding device (1); then, the laser welding device (1) is driven to deflect to a welding angle required by laser welding;
Step two: centering and adjusting the optical fiber; the position of the arc welding device (2) in the x-axis direction is centered and regulated by the regulating device (4), so that the laser beam action point of the laser welding device (1) and the tail end of the arc welding wire are centered in the x-axis direction, namely, the connecting line of the laser beam action point and the tail end point of the arc welding wire is parallel to the welding line;
Step three: adjusting the distance and the relative height of the optical wires; the position of the arc welding device (2) in the y-axis direction is adjusted through an adjusting device (4), and the distance between the light wires is determined; adjusting the position of the arc welding device (2) in the z-axis direction, and adapting the arc welding height after the laser welding posture adjustment in the first step;
step four: arc welding angle adjustment; the relative angle value of the arc welding device (2) and the laser welding device (1) is adjusted through the rotating device (3) so as to meet the welding angle required by arc welding;
Step five: welding; and after the welding parameters are adjusted, welding is performed, and after one welding line is welded, the whole welding system is translated to the position of the next welding line by adopting a manipulator, and the required laser welding posture and arc welding posture are adjusted for welding.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the arc welding angle adjustment process in the fourth step comprises:
The method comprises the steps that a connecting line between a laser beam acting point and the tail end of an arc welding wire is taken as a rotation axis (L), the tail end of the arc welding wire of an arc welding device (2) is taken as a circle center, a vertical plane (P) between the tail end of the arc welding wire and the rotation axis (L) is taken as a rotation plane, the distance from a connecting point (A) between the arc welding device (2) and a connecting piece (32) to the rotation axis (L) is taken as a rotation radius, and the arc welding gun rotation plane of the arc welding device (2) is positioned in the vertical plane (P) of the rotation axis (L);
The arc welding gun is controlled to rotate by the rotating device (3), and the tail end position of the arc welding wire is always positioned on the rotating axis (L) and is kept still, namely, the relative position of the laser beam acting point and the arc welding wire is not changed along with the rotation of the arc welding gun.
9. A hybrid welding method according to claim 7, characterized in that the arc welding device (2) is rotated in an angle range of-70 ° -70 ° relative to the laser welding device (1).
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| CN202410413074.1A CN118060723A (en) | 2024-04-08 | 2024-04-08 | Laser arc composite welding system and method suitable for complex welding structure |
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