JP6211340B2 - Welding apparatus and welding method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a welding apparatus and a welding method.

Conventionally, a laser welding apparatus that irradiates a base material with a laser oscillator such as a CO ₂ laser or a YAG (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) laser is known. The laser welding apparatus has an advantage that the penetration in the irradiation direction can be deepened because the laser is irradiated in a thin beam shape (for example, about φ0.1 mm to 0.6 mm). On the other hand, the laser welding apparatus has a drawback in that it cannot weld a wide range because the laser is thinly irradiated in a beam shape, and the groove tolerance is narrow.

  Moreover, an arc welding apparatus is known as another welding apparatus. An arc welding apparatus is an apparatus that generates an arc between a base material and an electrode using electric power obtained from a power source and joins metals using the arc heat. The arc welding apparatus has a feature that the heat input width is wide but the penetration is shallow.

  In recent years, a laser-arc hybrid welding apparatus combined with an arc welding apparatus has been proposed in order to compensate for the narrowness of the groove tolerance, which is a drawback of the laser welding apparatus (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2012-101270 A

The laser-arc hybrid welding apparatus as disclosed in Patent Document 1 can widen the groove margin while realizing the depth of penetration by laser welding.
However, in the conventional laser / arc hybrid welding apparatus, in the direction orthogonal to the relative movement direction of the apparatus with respect to the base material to be welded (hereinafter referred to as the welding direction), the laser irradiation direction of the laser welding and the arc welding direction. The angle formed by the axial direction of the arc torch was fixed at a constant angle.

When the angle between the laser irradiation direction of laser welding and the axial direction of the arc torch of arc welding is constant, the penetration direction by laser welding and the build-up formed by the wire supplied from the arc torch to the weld (bead) The direction of progress is constant.
For example, when the laser irradiation direction of the laser welded part and the axial direction (wire supply direction) of the arc torch of the arc welded part coincide (the angle formed is 0 degree), the laser welding direction perpendicular to the welding direction Even if the laser irradiation direction is appropriately set, the progress direction of the build-up formed by the wire may not be a desirable direction. If the progress direction of the buildup is not the desired direction, the shape of the welded portion formed by welding becomes distorted, and there is a possibility that sufficient strength of the welded portion cannot be obtained.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and adjusts the penetration direction by laser welding and the progress direction of the build-up formed by the wire in an appropriate direction according to the welding object, and has sufficient strength. It is an object of the present invention to provide a welding apparatus and a welding method capable of forming a welded portion.

The present invention employs the following means in order to solve the above problems.
A welding apparatus according to the present invention is a welding apparatus that performs welding by moving a relative position with respect to a base material along a welding direction, and is connected to a laser oscillator, and a laser oscillated by the laser oscillator is used for welding the mother to be welded. A laser welding portion that performs welding by irradiating the material, a wire supply portion that supplies a welding wire connected to a power source, an arc welding portion that performs welding by supplying the welding wire to the base material, and A first angle adjustment unit capable of adjusting a first relative angle formed by a laser irradiation direction of the laser welded portion in a direction orthogonal to the welding direction and a wire supply direction of the arc welded portion in a direction orthogonal to the welding direction; It is characterized by providing.

In the welding apparatus according to the present invention, the first relative angle formed by the laser irradiation direction of the laser welded portion in the direction orthogonal to the welding direction and the wire supply direction of the arc welded portion in the direction orthogonal to the welding direction is adjusted to the first angle. It is adjustable by the part.
By doing in this way, the penetration direction by the laser welding determined by the laser irradiation direction of the laser welded portion and the build-up progress direction determined by the wire supply direction of the arc welded portion can be arbitrarily adjusted. Therefore, it is possible to provide a welding apparatus capable of forming a weld portion having sufficient strength by adjusting the penetration direction by laser welding and the progress direction of the build-up formed by the wire in an appropriate direction according to the welding target. it can.

Another aspect of the welding apparatus according to the present invention includes a second angle adjustment unit capable of adjusting a second relative angle formed by the laser irradiation direction in the welding direction and the wire supply direction in the welding direction. It is characterized by that.
By doing in this way, the 2nd relative angle which the laser irradiation direction of the laser welding part and the wire supply direction of an arc welding part make in a welding direction is appropriately set according to various conditions, such as welding speed and laser irradiation intensity. It is possible to provide a welding apparatus that can be adjusted to form a sufficiently strong weld.

  A welding method according to the present invention is a welding method using a welding apparatus having a laser welded part and an arc welded part, wherein the laser welded part is connected to a laser oscillator and welds a laser oscillated by the laser oscillator. The target base material is irradiated and welded, and the arc welding part has a wire supply part for supplying a welding wire connected to a power source, and the welding wire is supplied to the base material for welding. A first angle adjustment capable of adjusting a first relative angle formed by a laser irradiation direction of the laser welded portion in a direction orthogonal to the welding direction and a wire supply direction of the arc welded portion in a direction orthogonal to the welding direction. A first adjustment step of adjusting the first relative angle using a portion, and a welding step of welding the base material using the welding apparatus in which the first relative angle is adjusted by the first adjustment step. And said that there were pictures.

The welding method according to the present invention is capable of adjusting the first relative angle between the laser irradiation direction of the laser welded portion in the direction orthogonal to the welding direction and the wire supply direction of the arc welded portion in the direction orthogonal to the welding direction. The 1st adjustment process adjusted using a 1 angle adjustment part is provided.
By doing in this way, the penetration direction by the laser welding determined by the laser irradiation direction of the laser welded portion and the build-up progress direction determined by the wire supply direction of the arc welded portion can be arbitrarily adjusted. Therefore, it is possible to provide a welding method capable of adjusting the penetration direction by laser welding and the progress direction of the build-up formed by the wire in an appropriate direction according to the welding target.

Another aspect of the welding method according to the present invention uses a second angle adjustment unit capable of adjusting a second relative angle formed by the laser irradiation direction in the welding direction and the wire supply direction in the welding direction. A second adjusting step for adjusting a second relative angle, wherein in the welding step, the first relative angle is adjusted by the first adjusting step, and the second relative angle is adjusted by the second adjusting step. Further, the base material is welded using the welding apparatus.
By doing in this way, the 2nd relative angle which the laser irradiation direction in a welding direction and the wire supply direction make can be adjusted appropriately according to various conditions, such as welding speed and laser irradiation intensity.

  According to the present invention, a welding apparatus capable of forming a weld portion having sufficient strength by adjusting the penetration direction by laser welding and the progress direction of the build-up formed by the wire to an appropriate direction according to the object to be welded. A welding method can be provided.

It is a schematic block diagram which shows the hybrid welding apparatus of this embodiment. It is a front view which shows the laser head and arc torch of this embodiment. It is a right view which shows the laser head and arc torch of this embodiment. It is a top view which shows the laser head and arc torch of this embodiment. It is a figure which shows the welding part at the time of applying the hybrid welding apparatus of this embodiment to overlap fillet welding. It is a figure which shows the welding part at the time of applying the hybrid welding apparatus of a comparative example to overlap fillet welding.

Hereinafter, a hybrid welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a hybrid welding apparatus of the present embodiment.

  The hybrid welding apparatus 100 is a welding apparatus that performs welding by moving a relative position with respect to the base material 200 along the welding direction. The hybrid welding apparatus 100 may be a system in which the relative position is moved along a certain direction (this direction is referred to as a welding direction) by moving the hybrid welding apparatus 100 while the base material 200 is fixed. Moreover, the hybrid welding apparatus 100 may be a system in which the relative position is moved in the welding direction by moving the base material 200 in a state where the hybrid welding apparatus 100 is fixed.

  Moreover, the hybrid welding apparatus 100 can be used, for example, for welding steel frames used for bridges and the like. When repairing a welded portion of an existing structure such as a bridge, for example, it is necessary to perform welding from the lower side in the vertical direction to the upper side. It can be applied to welding in any direction, including downward welding.

As shown in FIG. 1, the hybrid welding apparatus 100 includes a laser oscillator 60, an optical fiber 70 that transmits a laser oscillated by the laser oscillator 60, and a laser head 10 connected to the optical fiber 70. As the laser oscillator 60, for example, a CO ₂ laser or a YAG (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) laser capable of obtaining an oscillation output of about several kW can be used. The laser head 10 (laser welding portion) collects a laser beam oscillated by a laser oscillator 60 transmitted through an optical fiber 70 by a condenser lens (not shown) and irradiates the surface of the base material 200 to be welded. Then, welding is performed by melting a part of the base material 200. The beam diameter of the laser irradiated on the surface of the base material 200 is, for example, about φ0.1 mm to 0.6 mm.

  The hybrid welding apparatus 100 also includes a power source 40, a wire feeder 30 (wire supply unit), and an arc torch 20 (arc welding unit). The wire feeder 30 supplies the welding wire 21 connected to the power source 40 to the arc torch 20. For example, the arc torch 20 performs MIG (Metal Inert Gas welding) welding. In MIG welding, the welding wire 21 is used as an electrode wire, and an arc is generated between the tip of the welding wire 21 and the base material 200, whereby the welding wire 21 and the base material 200 are simultaneously melted and welded. is there. The arc torch 20 is supplied with an inert gas such as argon or helium from an inert gas supply unit (not shown) in order to prevent characteristic deterioration due to a reaction with an atmospheric element in a welded portion formed by welding. Therefore, the welded portion formed by melting the welding wire 21 and the base material 200 is formed in an inert gas atmosphere.

  The hybrid welding apparatus 100 also includes a controller 50. The controller 50 is a device that controls the laser oscillation by the laser oscillator 60, the current output from the power supply 40, and the wire supply amount by the wire feeder 30. Although FIG. 1 shows an example in which one controller 50 is connected to the laser oscillator 60, the wire feeder 30, and the power source 40, other modes may be used. For example, a mode in which separate controllers are connected to the laser oscillator 60, the wire feeder 30, and the power supply 40 may be possible. Alternatively, the laser oscillator 60, the wire feeder 30, and the power source 40 may be configured so that a controller for controlling them is incorporated.

  Next, an angle adjustment mechanism (first angle adjustment unit, second angle adjustment unit) 80 further provided in the hybrid welding apparatus 100 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 2 is a front view showing the laser head 10 and the arc torch 20 of the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a right side view showing the laser head 10 and the arc torch 20 of the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is a top view showing the laser head 10 and the arc torch 20 of the present embodiment. The arrow of the welding direction shown in FIG. 3 shows the direction in which the hybrid welding apparatus 100 moves relative to the base material 200.

  The angle adjustment mechanism 80 includes a slide plate 81, a slide member 82, a slide plate 83, a slide plate 84, and a bolt 85. As shown in FIG. 2, the slide plate 81 is provided with an insertion hole 86 into which the slide member 82 is inserted. The slide member 82 is fixed to the slide plate 81 by fastening bolts 87 to fastening holes (not shown) provided in the slide member 82 in a state of being inserted into the insertion holes 86. The insertion hole 86 shown in FIG. 2 is a hole extending along the circumference of a circle centered on the intersection point P between the central axis X1 of the laser head 10 and the central axis X2 of the arc torch 20. By adjusting the position of the slide member 82 inserted into the insertion hole 86, the relative angle α (first axis) formed by the center axis X1 of the laser head 10 and the center axis X2 of the arc torch 20 while the position of the intersection P is fixed. Relative angle) can be adjusted.

The axial direction of the central axis X1 of the laser head 10 coincides with the laser irradiation direction of the laser head 10, and this direction is a penetration direction by laser welding. Further, the axial direction of the central axis X2 of the arc torch 20 coincides with the direction in which the arc torch 20 supplies the welding wire 21 (wire supply direction), and this direction is the direction of the build-up in arc welding.
Therefore, the angle α is determined by the laser irradiation direction of the laser head 10 in the direction orthogonal to the welding direction (direction shown in FIG. 3) of the hybrid welding apparatus 100 and the wire supply direction of the arc torch 20 in the direction orthogonal to the welding direction. It is the relative angle to make. Of the angle adjustment mechanism 80, the slide plate 81, the slide member 82, and the bolt 87 constitute a mechanism (first angle adjustment unit) that adjusts the first relative angle α.

  As shown in FIG. 3, each of the slide plate 83 and the slide plate 84 is provided with a pair of bolt insertion holes extending in parallel at two locations. The bolt 85 is fastened to a bolt fastening hole (not shown) provided at a predetermined position of the laser head 10 while being inserted into the pair of bolt insertion holes. The end of the slide plate 84 is fixed to the slide plate 81. The position of the arc torch 20 in the vertical direction (direction indicated by Z in FIG. 3) relative to the laser head 10 can be adjusted by moving the slide plate 83 with the bolt 85 loosened. Further, by moving the slide plate 84 with the bolts 84 loosened, the position of the arc torch 20 in the horizontal direction (direction indicated by X in FIG. 3) relative to the laser head 10 can be adjusted. The vertical and horizontal positions of the arc torch 20 are fixed by fastening bolts 85.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the arc torch 20 is fixed to the slide member 82, but an attachment angle adjusting mechanism capable of arbitrarily adjusting the attachment angle with respect to the slide member 82 is provided. After adjusting the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the arc torch 20 with respect to the laser head 10, the mounting angle of the arc torch 20 with respect to the slide member 82 is adjusted to thereby adjust the center axis X 1 of the laser head 10 and the arc torch 20 in the welding direction. The relative angle θ (second relative angle) formed by the central axis X2 can be adjusted.

As described above, the axial direction of the central axis X1 of the laser head 10 coincides with the laser irradiation direction of the laser head 10, and the arc torch 20 supplies the welding wire 21 in the axial direction of the central axis X2 of the arc torch 20. It matches the wire supply direction.
Therefore, the second relative angle θ is a relative angle formed by the laser irradiation direction of the laser head 10 in the welding direction (direction shown in FIG. 3) of the hybrid welding apparatus 100 and the wire supply direction of the arc torch 20 in the welding direction. . Of the angle adjustment mechanism 80, the slide plate 83, the slide plate 84, and the attachment angle adjustment mechanism constitute a mechanism (second angle adjustment unit) that adjusts the angle θ. The second angle θ can form a sufficiently strong weld according to various conditions such as the speed at which the hybrid welding apparatus 100 moves with respect to the base material 200 (welding speed) and the laser irradiation intensity of the laser head 10. The angle is adjusted as appropriate using the angle adjustment mechanism 80.

  Next, the welding part formed by welding using the hybrid welding apparatus 100 of this embodiment is demonstrated using FIG. FIG. 5 is a view showing a welded portion when the hybrid welding apparatus of the present embodiment is applied to lap fillet welding. FIG. 6 is a view showing a welded portion when the hybrid welding apparatus of the comparative example is applied to lap fillet welding. In FIG. 6, what is indicated by a two-dot chain line is a welded portion formed by the hybrid welding apparatus 100 of the present embodiment shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the hybrid welding apparatus according to the comparative example corresponds to the central axis X1 of the laser head 10 ′ and the central axis X2 of the arc torch 20 ′ in the direction orthogonal to the welding direction, and the first axis formed by these axes. 1 is an example in which the relative angle α is 0 °. Note that the hybrid welding apparatus of the comparative example shown in FIG. 6 cannot adjust the relative angle between the central axis X1 of the laser head 10 ′ and the central axis X2 of the arc torch 20 ′ in the direction orthogonal to the welding direction. The relative angle is always 0 °.

  FIG. 5 is a view of the hybrid welding apparatus 100 as seen from the front, similarly to FIG. 1. Overlap fillet welding is a method in which two plate-like members 201 and 202 are overlapped in a state where the positions of the end faces are different, and a boundary portion between the end face of one plate-like member and the side face of the other plate-like member is welded. . In the case of this lap fillet welding, it is necessary to form a welded portion 204 that is deeply melted along the direction in which the overlapped portion 203 in which the two plate-like members 201 and 202 are overlapped extends. In order to form such a welded portion 204, it is necessary to bring the central axis X1 of the laser head 10 closer to the direction in which the overlapping portion 203 extends. However, when the center axis X1 of the laser head 10 and the center axis X2 of the arc torch 20 coincide with each other as in the hybrid welding apparatus 100 of the comparative example shown in FIG. 6, the penetration direction by laser welding and the wire are formed. The direction of progress of overlaying is the same. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, the shape of the surface of the welded portion 204 may be irregular, and sufficient welding strength may not be obtained.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5, the hybrid welding apparatus 100 of the present embodiment does not coincide with the central axis X1 of the laser head 10 and the central axis X2 of the arc torch 20 in the direction orthogonal to the welding direction. These axes form a first relative angle α. The first relative angle α can be adjusted by the angle adjusting mechanism 80 described above. Therefore, by appropriately adjusting the first relative angle α formed by the center axis X1 of the laser head 10 and the center axis X2 of the arc torch 20 in the direction orthogonal to the welding direction using the angle adjusting mechanism 80, The direction of progress can be adjusted appropriately. In this way, the shape of the surface of the welded portion 204 does not become an irregular shape, and a shape with sufficient welding strength can be obtained.

Here, the welding method using the hybrid welding apparatus 100 of this embodiment is demonstrated.
In this welding method, the angle adjustment mechanism 80 adjusts the first relative angle α formed by the laser irradiation direction of the laser head 10 in the direction orthogonal to the welding direction and the wire supply direction of the arc torch 20 in the direction orthogonal to the welding direction. A first adjusting step is provided. In addition, this welding method includes a second adjustment step in which the angle adjustment mechanism 80 adjusts the second relative angle θ formed by the laser irradiation direction in the welding direction and the wire supply direction in the welding direction. Further, this welding method includes a welding step of welding the base material 200 using the hybrid welding apparatus 100 in which the first relative angle α and the second relative angle θ are adjusted by the first adjustment step and the second adjustment step.
In this way, the first relative angle α formed by the laser irradiation direction and the wire supply direction in the direction orthogonal to the welding direction, and the second relative angle θ formed by the laser irradiation direction and the wire supply direction in the welding direction Can be appropriately adjusted according to various conditions such as welding speed and laser irradiation intensity.

As described above, the hybrid welding apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment includes the first laser irradiation direction of the laser head 10 in the direction orthogonal to the welding direction and the wire supply direction of the arc torch 20 in the direction orthogonal to the welding direction. The relative angle α can be adjusted by the angle adjusting mechanism 80.
By doing in this way, the penetration direction by laser welding determined by the laser irradiation direction of the laser head 10 and the build-up propagation direction determined by the wire supply direction of the arc torch 20 can be arbitrarily adjusted. Therefore, the hybrid welding apparatus 100 that can adjust the penetration direction by laser welding and the progress direction of the build-up formed by the welding wire 21 to an appropriate direction according to the object to be welded to form a weld portion having sufficient strength. Can be provided.

Moreover, the hybrid welding apparatus 100 of this embodiment is provided with the angle adjustment mechanism 80 which can adjust 2nd relative angle (theta) which the laser irradiation direction in a welding direction and the wire supply direction in a welding direction make.
In this way, the second relative angle θ formed by the laser irradiation direction of the laser head 10 and the wire supply direction of the arc torch 20 in the welding direction is appropriately set according to various conditions such as welding speed and laser irradiation intensity. Can be adjusted.

The welding method of the present embodiment can adjust the first relative angle α formed by the laser irradiation direction of the laser head 10 in the direction orthogonal to the welding direction and the wire supply direction of the arc torch 20 in the direction orthogonal to the welding direction. A first adjustment step of adjusting using the angle adjustment mechanism 80 is provided.
By doing in this way, the penetration direction by laser welding determined by the laser irradiation direction of the laser head 10 and the build-up propagation direction determined by the wire supply direction of the arc torch 20 can be arbitrarily adjusted. Therefore, a welding method capable of forming a welded portion having sufficient strength by adjusting the penetration direction by laser welding and the progressing direction of the build-up formed by the welding wire 21 in an appropriate direction according to the object to be welded is provided. be able to.

In addition, the welding method of the present embodiment includes a second adjustment step of adjusting using the angle adjustment mechanism 80 that can adjust the second relative angle θ formed by the laser irradiation direction in the welding direction and the wire supply direction in the welding direction; It is equipped with.
By doing in this way, relative angle (theta) which the laser irradiation direction and wire supply direction in a welding direction can adjust appropriately according to various conditions, such as a welding speed and laser irradiation intensity | strength.

  It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be appropriately modified and changed as necessary without departing from the technical idea of the present invention.

In the above-described embodiment, the lap fillet welding has been described. However, the present invention can be applied to other welding such as butt welding and fillet welding.
In the above-described embodiment, an example of repairing a welded portion of an existing structure such as a bridge has been described. However, what is to be welded is not limited to an existing structure such as a bridge, and other aspects. Also good.

10 Laser head (laser welding part)
20 Arc torch (arc welding part)
21 Welding wire 30 Wire feeder (wire supply unit)
40 Power supply 60 Laser oscillator 70 Optical fiber 80 Angle adjustment mechanism (first angle adjustment unit, second angle adjustment unit)
100 Hybrid welding apparatus 200 Base material 204 Welded portion X1 Center axis of laser head X2 Center axis of arc torch α First relative angle θ Second relative angle

Claims (4)

A welding apparatus for performing welding by moving a relative position with respect to a base material along a welding direction,
A laser welding part connected to a laser oscillator and irradiating the base material to be welded with a laser oscillated by the laser oscillator;
An arc welding unit that has a wire supply unit that supplies a welding wire connected to a power source, and that performs welding by supplying the welding wire to the base material;
A first angle adjustment unit capable of adjusting a first relative angle formed by a laser irradiation direction of the laser welded portion in a direction orthogonal to the welding direction and a wire supply direction of the arc welded portion in a direction orthogonal to the welding direction. And a welding apparatus comprising:   The welding according to claim 1, further comprising: a second angle adjustment unit capable of adjusting a second relative angle formed by the laser irradiation direction in the welding direction and the wire supply direction in the welding direction. apparatus. A welding method using a welding apparatus having a laser weld and an arc weld,
The laser welding part is connected to a laser oscillator and performs welding by irradiating the base material to be welded with a laser oscillated by the laser oscillator,
The arc welding part has a wire supply part that supplies a welding wire connected to a power source, supplies the welding wire to the base material, and performs welding,
A first angle adjustment unit capable of adjusting a first relative angle formed by a laser irradiation direction of the laser welded portion in a direction orthogonal to the welding direction and a wire supply direction of the arc welded portion in a direction orthogonal to the welding direction. A first adjustment step of adjusting the first relative angle using
And a welding step of welding the base material using the welding apparatus in which the first relative angle is adjusted by the first adjustment step. A second adjustment step of adjusting the second relative angle using a second angle adjustment unit capable of adjusting a second relative angle formed by the laser irradiation direction in the welding direction and the wire supply direction in the welding direction; With
In the welding step, the base material is welded using the welding apparatus in which the first relative angle is adjusted in the first adjustment step and the second relative angle is adjusted in the second adjustment step. The welding method according to claim 3.

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