CN115958299A - Method for spot-ring laser-MAG composite welding of ultrahigh-strength steel - Google Patents
Method for spot-ring laser-MAG composite welding of ultrahigh-strength steel Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 229910000797 Ultra-high-strength steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012761 high-performance material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for spot-ring laser-MAG composite welding of ultrahigh-strength steel, and relates to the technical field of ultrahigh-strength steel connection. The invention aims to solve the welding defects of welding cracks, undercuts, penetration and the like caused by overlarge splashing, easy collapse of a key hole and large depth-to-width ratio of a welding line in the conventional laser welding. The method comprises the following steps: 1. polishing and beveling the ultrahigh-strength steel plate; 2. clamping the plate, and setting point ring laser welding parameters; 3. starting the backboard infrared heating equipment; 4. and (5) completing plate welding by using laser automatic welding equipment and performing postweld treatment. According to the invention, infrared heating is adopted at the back of the high-strength steel plate for heat compensation, point-ring laser is adopted to expand the laser energy distribution area, the collapse tendency of a keyhole is reduced, the splashing in the welding process is small, the subsequent weld joint is easy to clean, and the welded joint with good forming and excellent mechanical properties is obtained. The welding method is used for welding the ultrahigh-strength steel plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ultra-high strength steel laser arc welding.
Background
With the continuous development of the fields of aerospace, diving, military protection and the like, the performance requirement on the equipment manufacturing level is continuously improved, and meanwhile, in order to further realize the standard of lightweight manufacturing, new requirements are provided for the manufacturing and production processing technology of high-performance materials. 6252 the ultra-high strength steel is a special protective steel newly developed in recent years, and by accurately controlling the hot rolling temperature, a steel grade with a refined grain structure machine is obtained, and the ultra-high strength, high hardness and high impact toughness of the steel grade make the steel have wide application prospects in the field of automobile protection. In welding production, due to the tiny structure, the growth of the structure in a heat affected zone is difficult to avoid, and the growth needs to be controlled by means of strict preheating, heat input control, postweld heat treatment and the like.
Annular light spot laser began to enter the market for 19 years and is widely applied to full welding of the top cover of the power battery. The annular light spot laser is divided into an inner ring and an outer ring, and the energy of the inner ring and the energy of the outer ring can be independently controlled, so that the heat input to the center and the two sides of the welding seam in the welding process is controlled. Compared with the traditional single-fiber laser, the ring laser has wider window power adjustable space and stronger compatibility, can be flexibly matched aiming at different industrial scenes, can realize the same penetration and fusion width through various power combinations, has wider application, and can play the roles of preheating, post-processing, surface treatment, modification and the like by controlling the energy input of an outer ring.
The spot ring laser is one of annular spot lasers, the power input difference of the inner ring and the outer ring is not large, in the composite welding process of the melting electrode, the laser beam of the inner ring mainly provides certain heat input for the melting of the welding wire, and the laser of the outer ring can be matched with other auxiliary heat sources to play the effects of preheating, post-processing and tissue control of a heat affected zone. Secondly, the arc laser has lower welding spatter attribute, and outer loop laser has fine the unstable problem of key hole of having alleviated through enlarging the key hole opening for fluctuation in the welding process can not lead to the key hole to collapse and block up the opening, reduces and spatters, makes welding stability improve greatly, and the outer loop facula is big more the better the effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for spot-ring laser-MAG composite welding of ultrahigh-strength steel, aiming at solving the problems of large grains in a heat affected zone and poor weld forming caused by welding spatter due to the fact that heat input is difficult to control in the existing laser welding of the ultrahigh-strength steel plate.
A method for spot-ring laser-MAG composite welding of ultrahigh-strength steel specifically comprises the following steps:
1. beveling and polishing a steel plate to be welded;
2. fixing the steel plate to be welded processed in the first step by adopting a clamp, wherein the laser incidence angle is vertical to the welding line, an MAG electrode is arranged at the rear part, and infrared auxiliary heating equipment is arranged at the back of the steel plate to be welded and is aligned with the welding line for irradiation;
3. setting parameters of the annular laser beam: the laser incident angle is vertical to the welding seam, the central heating diameter of the laser beam is 1.5-2.0 mm, the output power is 2.0-3.0 kw, and the defocusing amount is-2 mm- +2mm; the inner diameter of the annular laser is 5.0-7 mm, the outer diameter is 10-13 mm, and the output power is 1.5-2.0 kw; the welding current of the rear MAG electrode is 60-95A, the welding voltage is 18-20V, the wire feeding speed is 500-700 cm/min, and the welding speed is 300-400 cm/min; turning on a power supply, and welding the steel plate to be welded after the irradiation in the step two;
4. and step three, after welding, starting the infrared auxiliary heating equipment again for slow cooling, and then cooling to room temperature to finish welding.
Furthermore, the type of the steel plate to be welded is 6252, the thickness is 4-5 mm, and the tensile strength is more than 1750MPa.
Further, the groove in the first step is a Y-shaped groove, the height of the truncated edge of the groove is 2-3 mm, and the angle of the groove is 30-45 degrees;
and (4) polishing the 20mm inner surfaces of the two sides of the groove to remove rust and oil stains in the 50mm range of the area to be welded.
Furthermore, the gap between the steel plates to be welded is fixed to be 0.7-1.2 mm in the second step.
Further, the width of the heating area of the infrared auxiliary heating equipment in the step two is 20-30 mm, and when the area to be welded is heated to 100-150 ℃.
Further, controlling the irradiation power of the infrared auxiliary heat equipment in the step two to be 0-2500W and the irradiation frequency to be 60-100 THz.
And further, in the third step, the included angle between the axis of the laser head and a rear MAG welding gun is 45-60 degrees, and the end part of the welding wire is over against the central heating zone of the laser beam.
Further, the welding wire used in the third step is ER140S-G with the diameter of 1.2mm.
Further, in the third step, during welding, the infrared auxiliary heating device stops heating, and the power is 0.
Further, heating by an auxiliary infrared heating device in the fourth step, wherein the slow cooling power is 1000-1500 w, the irradiation frequency is 50-70 THz, cooling to 300 ℃, preserving the heat for 0.5-1.0 h, then stopping heating, and cooling to the room temperature in air.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the infrared heating equipment is arranged on the back of the plate for auxiliary welding heat, so that the effects of preheating, slow cooling after welding and heat treatment can be achieved by adjusting the infrared power and the irradiation frequency before and after welding respectively, the sudden change of the temperature of a heat affected zone is avoided, the growth trend of crystal grains in the heat affected zone is relieved, and the structure and the residual stress level after welding are reduced; meanwhile, the procedures of welding seam preheating and postweld slow cooling are more controllable, workpieces do not need to enter a furnace for treatment, the process flow is integrated, and the production cost and time are saved.
The invention adopts the point-ring laser-MAG composite welding ultrahigh-strength steel plate, and compared with single laser beam welding, the composite application of the MAG electrode greatly improves the adaptability of the welding working condition. In addition, the unique energy control of the inner ring and the outer ring of the point ring laser is very important for improving the weld seam forming. The welding parameters of the MAG electrode can be kept at a relatively low level by controlling the power of the inner-ring laser beam to assist in heating and melting the welding wire, and the heat input to a welding parent metal is reduced, so that the influence of welding heat circulation on a heat affected zone is reduced, and excessive growth of crystal grains is avoided; the keyhole opening is enlarged by controlling the outer ring laser, the influence of the fluctuation of the external environmental conditions on the shape of the keyhole is reduced, the keyhole is prevented from collapsing and blocking the opening, the escape of high-pressure steam in the keyhole is delayed, the welding stability is greatly improved, and the welding spatter is reduced.
The invention realizes the connection of the ultrahigh-strength steel plates, the weld surface is well formed, no obvious defects such as cracks, air holes and the like are found through X-ray nondestructive testing, the tensile strength reaches 80 percent of the base material, and the hardness reaches 75 percent of the base material.
The invention is used for welding the ultrahigh-strength steel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a spot-ring laser-MAG hybrid welded ultra-high strength steel plate according to an embodiment, in which 1 represents a 6252 steel plate, 2 represents a Y-groove, 3 represents a laser welding head, 4 represents a MAG electrode and a welding wire, 5 represents an infrared auxiliary heating device, and 6 represents an infrared remote thermometer;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a weld seam formation of a weld of one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is an X-ray non-destructive inspection image of a weld of one embodiment.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment provides a method for spot-ring laser-MAG composite welding of ultrahigh-strength steel, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1. beveling and polishing a steel plate to be welded;
2. fixing the steel plate to be welded processed in the first step by adopting a fixture, enabling a laser incident angle to be vertical to a welding seam, arranging an MAG electrode at the rear, and placing infrared auxiliary heating equipment at the back of the steel plate to be welded to be aligned with the welding seam for irradiation;
3. setting parameters of the annular laser beam: the laser incident angle is vertical to the welding seam, the central heating diameter of the laser beam is 1.5-2.0 mm, the output power is 2.0-3.0 kw, and the defocusing amount is-2 mm- +2mm; the inner diameter of the annular laser is 5.0-7 mm, the outer diameter is 10-13 mm, and the output power is 1.5-2.0 kw; welding current of a rear MAG electrode is 60-95A, welding voltage is 18-20V, wire feeding speed is 500-700 cm/min, and welding speed is 300-400 cm/min; turning on a power supply, and welding the steel plate to be welded after the irradiation in the step two;
4. and step three, after welding, starting the infrared auxiliary heating equipment again for slow cooling, and then cooling to room temperature to finish welding.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the model of the steel plate to be welded is 6252, the thickness is 4-5 mm, and the tensile strength is more than 1750MPa. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the first or second difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: step one, the groove is a Y-shaped groove, the truncated edge of the groove has the height of 2-3 mm, and the angle of the groove is 30-45 degrees;
and (4) polishing the 20mm inner surfaces of the two sides of the groove to remove rust and oil stains in the 50mm range of the area to be welded. The other is the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode is as follows: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: and in the second step, the gap for fixing the steel plates to be welded is 0.7-1.2 mm. The others are the same as in one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode is as follows: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: and step two, the width of a heating area of the infrared auxiliary heating equipment is 20-30 mm, and when the area to be welded is heated to 100-150 ℃. The other is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: and controlling the irradiation power of the infrared auxiliary heating equipment in the step two to be 0-2500W and the irradiation frequency to be 60-100 THz. The other is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: and thirdly, forming an included angle of 45-60 degrees between the axis of the laser head and a rear MAG welding gun, wherein the end part of the welding wire is over against the central heating area of the laser beam. The other is the same as one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: the welding wire used in the third step is ER140S-G, and the diameter is 1.2mm. The other is the same as one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: and step three, during welding, the infrared auxiliary heating equipment stops heating, and the power is 0. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that: and step four, heating by an auxiliary infrared heating device with slow cooling power of 1000-1500 w and irradiation frequency of 50-70 THz, cooling to 300 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5-1.0 h, then stopping heating, and cooling in air to room temperature. The others are the same as in one of the first to ninth embodiments.
The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and one or a combination of several embodiments may also achieve the object of the invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the method for spot-ring laser-MAG composite welding of the ultrahigh-strength steel specifically comprises the following steps:
1. carrying out Y-shaped groove opening treatment and polishing on a 6252 steel plate to be welded with the thickness of 4.5mm, wherein the blunt edge height of the Y-shaped groove is 3mm, and the groove angle is 30 degrees;
2. fixing the steel plate to be welded processed in the first step by adopting a fixture, wherein the clearance of the fixture is 1mm, an infrared auxiliary heating device is placed at the back of the steel plate to be welded and is aligned with a welding line for irradiation, the irradiation power is 1500w, the irradiation frequency is 60THz, the width of a heating area is 30mm, and the temperature of the irradiation area is kept not to exceed 150 ℃; the laser welding head is perpendicular to the welding seam, the MAG electrode is arranged at the rear, and the included angle of the electrode is 45 degrees;
3. setting annular laser beam parameters: the laser incident angle is vertical to the welding line, the central heating diameter of the laser beam is 2.0mm, and the output power is 2.0kw; the inner diameter of the annular laser is 5.0mm, the outer diameter of the annular laser is 13mm, and the output power is 1.5kw; the welding current of a rear MAG electrode is 70A, the welding voltage is 18V, the filler wire is ER140S-G with the diameter of 1.2mm, the wire feeding speed is 500cm/min, and the welding speed is 300cm/min; stopping heating by the infrared auxiliary heating equipment, and starting a power supply to weld;
4. and step three, after welding, starting the infrared auxiliary heating equipment again for slow cooling, adjusting the infrared power to 1000w and the irradiation frequency to 50THz, cooling to 300 ℃, preserving the heat for 1.0h, stopping heating, and performing air cooling to room temperature to finish welding.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spot-ring laser-MAG hybrid welded ultra-high strength steel plate according to an embodiment, in which 1 represents a 6252 steel plate, 2 represents a Y-shaped groove, 3 represents a laser welding head, 4 represents an MAG electrode and a welding wire, 5 represents infrared auxiliary heating equipment, and 6 represents an infrared remote thermometer;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a weld seam formation of a weld of one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is an X-ray nondestructive inspection image of a weld of example one weld, wherein NB/T47013-2015 is the standard for nondestructive inspection of pressure-bearing equipment, 10FE 16 indicates that the nondestructive inspection uses a type III image quality meter FE10/16, T4 is a specimen thickness of 4.5mm, and the inspection rating is first order.
The weld joint of the welded joint obtained by the welding of the embodiment is subjected to mechanical property and weld defect detection: after the ultra-high strength steel plate is subjected to air cooling by adopting point ring laser-MAG composite welding, the hardness of the central position of a welding seam area is 508HV, and the tensile strength is 1412MPa. The hardness and the strength of the welding seam completely meet the use requirements. The X-ray nondestructive test result shows that the weld joint is well formed, no obvious welding defects such as cracks, air holes and the like are found, and the requirements of actual production and use are combined.
Claims (10)
1. A method for spot-ring laser-MAG composite welding of ultrahigh-strength steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1. beveling and polishing a steel plate to be welded;
2. fixing the steel plate to be welded processed in the first step by adopting a clamp, wherein the laser incidence angle is vertical to the welding line, an MAG electrode is arranged at the rear part, and infrared auxiliary heating equipment is arranged at the back of the steel plate to be welded and is aligned with the welding line for irradiation;
3. setting annular laser beam parameters: the laser incident angle is vertical to the welding seam, the central heating diameter of the laser beam is 1.5-2.0 mm, the output power is 2.0-3.0 kw, and the defocusing amount is-2 mm- +2mm; the inner diameter of the annular laser is 5.0-7 mm, the outer diameter is 10-13 mm, and the output power is 1.5-2.0 kw; the welding current of the rear MAG electrode is 60-95A, the welding voltage is 18-20V, the wire feeding speed is 500-700 cm/min, and the welding speed is 300-400 cm/min; turning on a power supply, and welding the steel plate to be welded after the irradiation in the step two;
4. and step three, after welding, starting the infrared auxiliary heating equipment again for slow cooling, and then cooling to room temperature to finish welding.
2. The method for spot-ring laser-MAG hybrid welding of the ultrahigh-strength steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steel plate to be welded in the first step has a model number of 6252, a thickness of 4-5 mm and a tensile strength of >1750MPa.
3. The method for spot-ring laser-MAG hybrid welding of the ultrahigh-strength steel according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the groove is a Y-shaped groove, the truncated edge of the groove has a height of 2-3 mm and an angle of 30-45 °;
and (4) polishing the 20mm inner surfaces of the two sides of the groove to remove rust and oil stains in the 50mm range of the area to be welded.
4. The method for spot-ring laser-MAG hybrid welding of the ultra-high strength steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gap for fixing the steel plates to be welded in the second step is 0.7-1.2 mm.
5. The method for spot-ring laser-MAG hybrid welding of ultrahigh-strength steel according to claim 1, wherein the width of the heating zone of the infrared auxiliary heating device in the second step is 20-30 mm, and the temperature of the zone to be welded is 100-150 ℃.
6. The method for spot-ring laser-MAG hybrid welding of the ultra-high strength steel according to claim 1, wherein the control step two is performed with an infrared auxiliary heating device with an irradiation power of 0-2500W and an irradiation frequency of 60-100 THz.
7. The method for spot-ring laser-MAG hybrid welding of the ultra-high strength steel according to claim 1, wherein the angle between the axis of the laser head and a rear MAG welding gun in the third step is 45-60 degrees, and the end of the welding wire is opposite to the central heating zone of the laser beam.
8. The method for spot-ring laser-MAG hybrid welding of ultrahigh-strength steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the welding wire used in step three is ER140S-G with a diameter of 1.2mm.
9. The method for spot-ring laser-MAG hybrid welding of ultrahigh-strength steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step three, during welding, the infrared auxiliary heating device stops heating and the power is 0.
10. The method for spot-ring laser-MAG hybrid welding of the ultrahigh-strength steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the four steps of the method include heating by an auxiliary infrared heating device with a slow cooling power of 1000-1500 w and an irradiation frequency of 50-70 THz, cooling to 300 ℃, keeping the temperature for 0.5-1.0 h, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature by air.
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JPH08215872A (en) * | 1995-02-15 | 1996-08-27 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Method and device for welding high-carbon steel strip |
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JP2015182126A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2015-10-22 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Hot wire laser composite welding method of thick steel plate |
CN213646316U (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-07-09 | 长春德信光电技术有限公司 | Laser welding device integrating heat treatment |
CN114043092A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-02-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Point ring laser and electric arc composite welding method |
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2022
- 2022-12-26 CN CN202211678983.5A patent/CN115958299A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
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JPH08215872A (en) * | 1995-02-15 | 1996-08-27 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Method and device for welding high-carbon steel strip |
CN101072655A (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2007-11-14 | 弗罗纽斯国际有限公司 | Method and device for combined laser-arc welding with control of laser unit according to welding torch |
CN101214584A (en) * | 2008-01-21 | 2008-07-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Middle and smallpower laser GMA electrical arc compound welding method appending with mechanical force |
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CN213646316U (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-07-09 | 长春德信光电技术有限公司 | Laser welding device integrating heat treatment |
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