CN111604593A - Laser mirror image welding method - Google Patents
Laser mirror image welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111604593A CN111604593A CN202010433160.0A CN202010433160A CN111604593A CN 111604593 A CN111604593 A CN 111604593A CN 202010433160 A CN202010433160 A CN 202010433160A CN 111604593 A CN111604593 A CN 111604593A
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- welding
- laser
- laser beams
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- mirror image
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
- B23K26/703—Cooling arrangements
Abstract
The invention provides a laser mirror welding method which has smaller heat input and smaller deformation and residual stress compared with the traditional laser single-side welding. The method is mainly suitable for a flat plate butt joint structure, two robots are controlled by a robot linkage system to simultaneously send out laser output instructions, two laser beams with focuses at corresponding positions on two sides of a flat plate are generated, the two laser beams are synchronously welded at the same speed and in the same direction, and finally a through molten pool is obtained. The invention reduces the deformation and residual stress in the laser welding process, thereby reducing the hot crack tendency; and on the basis that the laser welding has larger penetration depth, the welding penetration depth is further increased. Therefore, the welding method has a plurality of advantages for welding the thick plate, and has a great application value in actual production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser welding, and particularly relates to a laser mirror image welding method.
Background
The laser welding technology has the advantages of high welding efficiency, good weld seam formability, concentrated welding energy, narrow heat affected zone, low residual stress after welding, good air tightness and the like, and is widely applied to the field of aerospace. However, when the welding thickness is large, a large heat input is required to achieve a large penetration depth, and the excessive heat input causes the deformation of the weldment to be increased, increases the residual stress, seriously causes the increase of the hot cracking tendency, generates more cracks, and causes the failure of the weldment. At present, double-sided arc welding, laser-arc double-sided welding and laser double-sided welding (out of synchronization) are commonly used, but the welding seam of the double-sided arc welding is wider and the fusion depth is smaller; the laser-electric arc double-sided welding molten pool is asymmetric, the shape of the laser side molten pool is deep and thin, and the shape of the electric arc side molten pool is shallow and large; the weld joint obtained by laser double-sided welding (out of synchronization) has no through molten pool, and when one of the weld joints is welded by laser, the back of the weld joint is easy to cause clearance increase due to welding deformation, thereby affecting the welding quality and even causing the condition of incapability of welding.
Therefore, when welding flat plates, the conventional welding method has certain defects in terms of welding deformation, residual stress after welding, weld penetration, and the like, which are particularly obvious in single-heat-source single-side welding, and thus a laser welding method capable of increasing the penetration, reducing the deformation, and reducing the residual stress is demanded.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of insufficient welding quality, large deformation after welding, large residual stress after welding and the like in laser welding in the prior art, and provides a laser mirror image welding method.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
a laser mirror welding method is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: and (3) locally cleaning a welding area of the flat plate to be welded, and treating an oxidation layer if the surface of the flat plate has the oxidation layer.
The second step is that: and carrying out a unilateral laser welding parameter groping experiment by using flat plates made of the same material to obtain the laser power when the penetration is one third of the plate thickness, and determining a proper laser incidence angle.
The third step: the flat plates to be welded are pre-fixed by spot welding under the condition of horizontal placement, and the gap between the two plates is ensured to be less than 0.15 mm.
The fourth step: and (4) clamping the butt joint test plate subjected to spot welding and pre-fixing in a position vertical to the horizontal plane.
The fifth step: and adjusting the position of the welding robot to enable the laser welding head to be positioned at the symmetrical positions of the two sides of the butt joint test plate, and further adjusting the position of the laser welding head to enable the focus of the laser beam to be positioned at the butt joint position of the butt joint of the flat plates.
And a sixth step: the robot linkage system controls the two laser heads to emit light simultaneously, and welding is started synchronously at the same speed and direction.
During welding, in order to ensure that the two laser beams can converge to form a through molten pool, the two laser beams need to be synchronized. In order to ensure the safety of the experiment, a certain deflection is needed to be carried out on the incident angle of the laser. The incidence angle of the laser is in the range of 0-180 degrees from the test plate. During welding, protective gas capable of cooling the welded position and preventing the position from being oxidized is blown to the welded position on the outer side of the welding seam. In addition, the molten pool is formed by flowing liquid metal towards the lower plate under the action of gravity, and in order to obtain better weld forming, the position of the shielding gas is adjusted to blow from bottom to top. The two laser beams are kept synchronous in time in the welding process, but the power of the two laser beams can be equal or unequal. Welding at four different positions is realized by changing the welding position in the welding process, namely transverse welding, upward vertical welding, downward vertical welding, horizontal welding and overhead welding.
The laser mirror welding method adopts laser welding, and comprises laser wire filling welding and laser non-wire filling welding.
The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows:
the laser mirror image welding method can effectively solve the problem of weld quality reduction caused by increasing heat input to achieve larger penetration depth, can ensure smaller deformation after welding, simultaneously reduces residual stress after welding, and is beneficial to improving the finished product rate of the weldment and prolonging the service life of the weldment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a laser mirror welding method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a change in the weld region before and after welding in the present invention.
In the figure: 1-12Kw laser, 2-laser welding head, 3-optical splitter, 4-flat plate, 5-double protective gas pipe, 6-double laser beam, 7-special clamp, 8-working platform, 9-assembly gap, and 10-through molten pool.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to describe the technical solutions of the present invention in detail, but not to limit the present invention to the scope of the embodiments described.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the laser mirror welding method of the present invention includes a 12Kw laser 1, a laser welding head 2, a beam splitter 3, a flat plate 4, a double protective gas pipe 5, a double laser beam 6, a special fixture 7, a work platform 8, an assembly gap 9, and a through-melt pool 10.
The laser light generated by the laser 1 is split into two laser beams having equal power by the beam splitter 3 and transmitted to the laser head 2. Laser beams 6 are emitted from the two laser heads, respectively. The incidence angles of the two laser beams should be mirror symmetric about the weldment. However, it should be understood that in the present invention, the laser incidence angles of the two laser beams are in the mirror image welding category as long as the two laser beams are mirror images of the weldment, and the angles of the laser beams and the weldment can be changed without affecting the implementation of the mirror image welding. The optical splitter 3 can distribute and adjust the energy ratio of the total laser power occupied by the two beams of laser according to the actual welding requirement.
The first step is as follows: because the oxide layer exists on the surface of most materials, the existence of the oxide layer can influence the welding quality and reduce the performance, the local cleaning of the welding area of the flat plate 4 needing to be welded is carried out, and the cleaning mode is determined to be mechanical polishing or chemical cleaning, wiping by alcohol and drying according to the condition of the oxide layer.
The second step is that: carrying out a unilateral laser welding parameter groping experiment by adopting flat plates 4 with the same material and the same specification, gradually adjusting the laser power, and preliminarily determining the parameters as mirror image welding parameters when the unilateral laser welding penetration reaches one third of the plate thickness; and determining the proper laser incidence angle according to the actual welding requirement.
The third step: firstly, a flat plate to be welded is subjected to spot welding and pre-fixing under horizontal clamping, and continuous laser or pulse laser with one third of formal welding power is adopted for spot welding. According to actual needs, single-side spot welding or double-side spot welding is selected, and the gap between the two flat plates after spot welding is guaranteed to be smaller than 0.15 mm.
The fourth step: and clamping the butt joint flat plate 4 subjected to spot welding and pre-fixing by using a special clamp 7, wherein the butt joint flat plate 4 is vertical to a workbench 8.
The fifth step: and adjusting the position of the welding robot to enable the laser welding head 2 to be positioned at the symmetrical positions of the two sides of the butt joint flat plate 4, and further finely adjusting the position of the laser welding head 2 to enable the focus of the laser beam to be positioned at the butt joint position of the flat plate butt joint.
And a sixth step: the laser beam generated by the laser 1 is split into two laser beams having equal power by the beam splitter 3, and the two laser beams are transmitted to the laser heads 2, and the laser beams 6 having equal power are emitted from the two laser heads. And the two laser heads are controlled by the robot linkage system to synchronously start welding at the same speed and direction. During welding, the dual laser beams 6 can converge to form a through molten pool, which has high requirements on the synchronism of the dual laser beams 6. In order to ensure the safety of the experiment, a certain deflection of the dual laser beam 6 is required. The incidence angle of the laser is in the range of 0-180 degrees from the test plate. During welding, the double protective gas pipe 5 blows protective gas which can cool the welded position and prevent the welded position from being oxidized on the outer side of the welding seam. In addition, the molten pool is formed by flowing liquid metal towards the lower plate under the action of gravity, and in order to obtain better weld forming, the position of the shielding gas is adjusted to blow from bottom to top. In the welding process, the two laser beams are kept synchronous at any time, but the power of the two laser beams can be properly selected according to the actual welding requirement. Welding at four different positions is realized by changing the welding position in the welding process, namely transverse welding, upward vertical welding, downward vertical welding, horizontal welding and overhead welding.
The welding process is schematically illustrated in fig. 2, where the original assembly gap 9 is formed by two laser beams 6 through a weld pool 10. When the two beams of laser 6 move to the tail end of the welding seam, the laser head 2 stops emitting light to complete mirror image welding. The laser mirror welding method adopts laser welding, and comprises laser wire filling welding and laser non-wire filling welding.
Example 1
The first step is as follows: the 2219 aluminum alloy material with the thickness of 6mm is selected for testing, a compact oxide layer exists on the surface of the aluminum alloy material, the existence of the oxide layer can influence the welding quality and reduce the performance, therefore, local cleaning is carried out on a 2219 flat plate 4 in a welding area, oxidation is removed by adopting a mechanical polishing mode, and the 2219 flat plate is wiped by alcohol and dried.
The second step is that: adopting 2219 flat plates 4 with the same specification to carry out a unilateral laser welding parameter groping experiment, gradually adjusting the laser power to 2000W, and preliminarily determining the parameter as a mirror image welding parameter when the unilateral laser welding penetration reaches one third of the plate thickness; and a suitable laser incidence angle of 5 deg. was determined.
The third step: firstly, a flat plate to be welded is subjected to spot welding and pre-fixing under horizontal clamping, and 770W continuous laser spot welding is adopted. According to actual requirements, double-sided spot welding is selected, and the gap between two plates is measured to be 0.1mm after welding.
The fourth step: and clamping the 2219 butt joint flat plate 4 which is pre-fixed by spot welding by using a special clamp 7 and being vertical to a workbench 8.
The fifth step: and adjusting the position of the welding robot to enable the laser welding head 2 to be positioned at the symmetrical positions of the two sides of the butt joint flat plate 4, and further finely adjusting the position of the laser welding head 2 to enable the focus of the laser beam to be positioned at the butt joint position of the flat plate butt joint.
And a sixth step: the laser beam generated by the laser 1 is split into two laser beams having a power of 2000W by the beam splitter 3, and transmitted to the laser heads 2, while the laser beams 6 are emitted from the two laser heads. And the two laser heads are controlled by a robot linkage system to start welding at the speed of 1.8m/min in the same direction. During welding, the dual laser beams 6 can converge to form a through molten pool, which has high requirements on the synchronism of the dual laser beams 6. In order to ensure the safety of the experiment, a certain deflection of the dual laser beam 6 is required. The laser incidence angle is 5 degrees with the test plate. In the welding process, the double protection gas pipes 5 blow protection gas which can cool the welded position and prevent the welded position from being oxidized outside the welding seam, and the flow of the protection area is 15L/min. In addition, the molten pool is formed by flowing liquid metal towards the lower plate under the action of gravity, and in order to obtain better weld forming, the position of the shielding gas is adjusted to blow from bottom to top. Welding under four different positions is realized through changing the welding position among the welding process, and the welding position that selects for use in this embodiment is horizontal welding, upward vertical welding, downward vertical welding, flat welding + overhead welding respectively. The welded seam obtained after welding has good formation, a through molten pool, smaller residual stress and smaller welding deformation.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A laser mirror welding method is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: and (3) locally cleaning a welding area of the flat plate to be welded, and treating an oxidation layer if the surface of the flat plate has the oxidation layer.
The second step is that: and carrying out a unilateral laser welding parameter groping experiment by using flat plates made of the same material to obtain the laser power when the penetration is one third of the plate thickness, and determining a proper laser incidence angle.
The third step: the flat plates to be welded are pre-fixed by spot welding under the condition of horizontal placement, and the gap between the two plates is ensured to be less than 0.15 mm.
The fourth step: and (4) clamping the butt joint test plate subjected to spot welding and pre-fixing in a position vertical to the horizontal plane.
The fifth step: and adjusting the position of the welding robot to enable the laser welding head to be positioned at the symmetrical positions of the two sides of the butt joint test plate, and further adjusting the position of the laser welding head to enable the focus of the laser beam to be positioned at the butt joint position of the butt joint of the flat plates.
And a sixth step: the robot linkage system controls the two laser heads to emit light simultaneously, and welding is started synchronously at the same speed and direction.
2. A laser mirror image welding method as defined in claim 1, wherein there are two laser beams during the welding process and the two laser beams are located on both sides of the workpiece, and the positions of the two laser beams are arranged in a mirror image distribution with the welding flat plate as a central axis.
3. A laser mirror image welding method as defined in claim 1, wherein in order to ensure that the two laser beams converge to form a through weld pool, the focal points of the two laser beams are located at two sides of the same position of the flat plate, and the two laser beams are required to move synchronously during the welding process.
4. A laser mirror image welding method according to claim 1, wherein a certain deflection of the incident angle of the laser is required to ensure the safety of the experiment. The incidence angle of the laser is in the range of 0-180 degrees from the test plate.
5. A laser mirror welding method according to claim 1, wherein a protective gas that cools and prevents oxidation of a welded position is blown to the welded position outside the weld during welding. In addition, the molten pool is formed by flowing liquid metal towards the lower plate under the action of gravity, and in order to obtain better weld forming, the position of the shielding gas is adjusted to blow from bottom to top.
6. The laser mirror welding method of claim 1, wherein the two laser beams are kept synchronized at any time during the welding process, but the power ratio of the two laser beams can be adjusted according to actual requirements.
7. A laser mirror image welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that the welding position can be changed to realize welding at four different positions, which are horizontal welding, upward vertical welding, downward vertical welding, horizontal welding and overhead welding.
8. A laser mirror welding method according to claim 1, wherein said welding is laser welding including laser filler wire welding and laser non-filler wire welding.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN112705850A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-04-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | Accurate temperature control device and method for laser mirror image welding cooling along with welding |
| CN114951991A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-08-30 | 哈尔滨焊接研究院有限公司 | Ultrahigh-power scanning laser vertical welding method for aluminum alloy thick plate |
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Application publication date: 20200901 |