CN112705850A - Accurate temperature control device and method for laser mirror image welding cooling along with welding - Google Patents
Accurate temperature control device and method for laser mirror image welding cooling along with welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN112705850A CN112705850A CN202110059184.9A CN202110059184A CN112705850A CN 112705850 A CN112705850 A CN 112705850A CN 202110059184 A CN202110059184 A CN 202110059184A CN 112705850 A CN112705850 A CN 112705850A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/067—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing
- B23K26/0673—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing into independently operating sub-beams, e.g. beam multiplexing to provide laser beams for several stations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention provides an accurate temperature control device and method for laser mirror image welding with welding cooling. The two modes are cooled along with welding through different accurate temperature control devices, and are used for reducing heat transfer, so that welding deformation is further reduced, and welding quality is improved. The welding-following cooling device capable of accurately controlling the temperature can carry out welding-following cooling while conveying welding shielding gas, can effectively control the cooling rate of a weldment and realize the regulation and control of the grain size and the mechanical property of a microstructure to a certain extent. The invention belongs to the technical field of laser welding, can effectively reduce welding deformation and other welding defects, and improves the welding quality of a weldment.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of laser welding, and particularly relates to an accurate temperature control device and method for cooling along with welding in laser mirror image welding.
Background
The laser welding technology has the advantages of high welding efficiency, good weld joint formability, concentrated welding energy, narrow heat affected zone, low residual stress after welding, good air tightness and the like, and has very wide application prospect. At present, the research on laser welding technology at home and abroad mostly focuses on single-side laser welding, and weldments are mainly heated on a single side in the welding process. Compared with double-sided synchronous laser welding, the single-sided laser welding still has the defects of large welding deformation, large residual stress, insufficient joint performance and the like. The double-sided synchronous laser welding can also be called laser mirror welding, a through molten pool can be formed under the action of symmetrical laser heat sources at two sides in the welding process, the welding quality can be effectively improved, and the deformation and the residual stress after welding can be further reduced.
Although laser mirror welding has certain advantages, the process cannot completely achieve the effect of effectively reducing welding defects for different welding materials. If the sheet thickness is small, as in the case of aluminum alloys, the laser mirror welding may cause some distortion even if it can compensate for the effect of the one-sided laser welding. If rapid cooling is carried out during the welding process, the welding deformation can be further reduced. On the other hand, for materials with a large tendency to crack, if laser mirror welding is adopted, rapid cooling is not suitable, and the quality of the air-cooled welding seam is not good, so the process puts higher requirements on the cooling speed of the welding seam.
Therefore, it is highly desirable to invent an accurate temperature control device and method for cooling along with laser mirror welding to control the cooling degree of the weld joint in the laser mirror welding process of different materials, thereby effectively solving the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The existing laser mirror image welding equipment does not have or has an imperfect welding cooling system, so that the effect of effectively cooling a welding line is difficult to achieve. The invention aims to provide a temperature control cooling system for a laser mirror welding process of different materials, which can eliminate heat of a welding area to different degrees, generates little or no heat transfer effect and basically does not generate deformation and other defects of a welded part.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the precise temperature control device comprises a quenching system, a slow cooling system, a welding system and a control system. The rapid cooling system comprises a rapid cooling cabinet 5 (the interior of the rapid cooling cabinet comprises an ambient temperature display 11, a gas temperature display 12, a voice broadcaster 13, a temperature control cooler 14, temperature sensors 15 and 16), a main throttle valve 7, sub-throttle valves s1 and s3 and the like; the slow cooling system comprises a heating box 6 (the interior of which comprises an ambient temperature display 17, a gas temperature display 18, a voice broadcaster 19, a temperature control heater 20, temperature sensors 21 and 22), a main throttle valve 7, sub-throttle valves s2 and s4 and the like. The selection of two working modes of the quenching system and the slow cooling system, the switch of each throttle valve and the setting of the cooling temperature are all controlled by the computer control system 9 in a unified way. After the cooling system is set, the cooling system is connected with the welding system to implement welding-following cooling, so that the cooling rate of the weldment is effectively controlled, and the quality of the weldment is improved.
Further, for the materials needing to be subjected to welding-following rapid cooling, the precise temperature control device utilizes the computer control system 9 to open the main throttle valve 7 and the sub-throttle valve s1 in a numerical control mode, so that the gas flows out of the gas cylinder 8 and is cooled in the rapid cooling cabinet 5, when the temperature of the gas in the temperature control cooler 14 in the rapid cooling cabinet 5 reaches the range set by the computer control system 9, the valve s3 is started through the reminding of the voice broadcaster 13, and the welding-following rapid cooling is performed after the gas passes through a pipeline.
Further, for materials needing to be subjected to welding-following slow cooling, the accurate temperature control device utilizes the computer control system 9 to open the main throttle valve 7 and the sub-throttle valve s2 in a numerical control mode, so that gas flows out of the gas cylinder 8 and is heated in the heating box 6, when the temperature of the gas in the temperature control gas heater 20 in the heating box 6 reaches the range set by the computer control system 9, the valve s4 is started through the reminding of the voice broadcaster 19, and the welding-following slow cooling is performed after the gas passes through a pipeline.
Further, the valves of the quenching system and the slow cooling system are absolutely not allowed to be opened at the same time, so as to prevent the cold and hot gases from meeting at the same time and causing damage to the gas transmission pipeline and the equipment. If the computer control system 9 is turned on simultaneously, an alarm mark appears on the interface, and the circuit must be disconnected at the moment, and the computer control system can be restarted after a period of time.
Furthermore, a quenching system and a slow cooling system of the accurate temperature control device are both provided with temperature sensors, namely low- temperature sensors 15 and 16, and the monitoring temperature range is-200-100 ℃; the high temperature sensors 21 and 22 monitor the temperature in-50-500 deg.c, and these two temperature sensors may display the temperature in the working environment and the temperature in the devices via the temperature displays 11 and 17 and the temperature displays 12 and 18.
Furthermore, the rapid cooling system of the precise temperature control device has the functions of cooling and conveying the shielding gas, the slow cooling system has the functions of heating and conveying the shielding gas, and the flow rate of the shielding gas is adjusted through a throttle valve, wherein the gas is selected from nitrogen, argon and the like, and the conduits for conveying the gas are heat-insulating pipelines and are externally provided with heat-insulating protective shells.
Furthermore, a special clamping device is adopted between a laser head 4 of a welding system of the accurate temperature control device and a protective gas spray head 10 for mechanical fixation, so that synchronous operation is realized, synchronous following cooling is performed on the rear part of a heat source in the welding process, and the effect of ensuring the quality of a welding seam is achieved.
The invention has the following effective effects:
the temperature control cooling system for the laser mirror image welding process of different materials comprises two working modes of rapid cooling and slow cooling. And during laser mirror image welding, according to different welding materials, a welding cooling mode capable of controlling the temperature is synchronously performed on welding seams at two sides. The two cooling systems can eliminate the welding heat of the welding area to different degrees, and the heat transfer effect is little or even not generated, so that the residual stress is reduced, and the welded weldment basically does not generate deformation and other related defects, thereby effectively improving the yield of the weldment and prolonging the service life of the weldment;
drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an accurate temperature control device and method for cooling along with welding in laser mirror welding according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of important components in a quench system
FIG. 3 is a diagram of important components in the slow cooling system
Wherein the reference numerals are respectively: 1-a laser; 2-a beam splitter; 3-plate; 4-a laser head; 5-emergency refrigerator; 6-heating the box; 7-a main throttle valve; 8-protection gas cylinder; 9-a computer control system; 10-protective gas shower nozzle; 11. 12-a quench system temperature display; 13-a quench system voice broadcaster; 14-temperature controlled cooler; 15. 16-a quench system temperature sensor; 17. 18-slow cooling system temperature display; 19-slow cooling system voice broadcaster; 20-temperature control heater; 21. 22-slow cooling system temperature sensor; s1, s 3-partial throttle of quench system; s2, s 4-partial throttle valve of slow cooling system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific examples described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limitations of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are depicted in the drawings, and not all of the structures are depicted.
Referring to fig. 1, the accurate temperature control device and method for laser mirror welding cooling comprises a laser 1, a beam splitter 2, a flat plate 3, a laser head 4, a quick cooling cabinet 5, a heating cabinet 6, a main throttle valve 7, a protective gas cylinder 8, a computer control system 9, a protective gas nozzle 10, a sub throttle valve of a rapid cooling system (s1, s3), and a sub throttle valve of a slow cooling system (s2, s 4).
The laser light generated by the laser 1 is split into two laser beams having equal power by the beam splitter 2 and transmitted to the laser head 4. Laser beams are respectively emitted from the two laser heads, and the incidence angles of the two laser beams are symmetrical about the weldment. The welding position that this patent was suitable for includes horizontal welding, upward vertical welding, downward vertical welding, flat welding + overhead welding, and the position of laser beam is decided by the welding position. In addition, the optical splitter 2 can distribute and adjust the energy ratio of the two laser beams to the total laser power according to the actual welding requirement.
Specifically, a single-side laser welding parameter groping experiment is carried out by adopting flat plates 3 made of the same material and in the same specification, the parameters are preliminarily determined to be mirror image welding parameters, and a proper laser incidence angle is determined according to actual welding requirements.
Specifically, the flat plate 3 to be welded is fixed by spot welding under horizontal clamping, single-side spot welding or double-side spot welding is selected according to actual needs, and the flat plate 3 subjected to spot welding and pre-fixing is vertically arranged on a workbench by using a special fixture.
Specifically, the position of the welding robot is adjusted, so that the laser head 4 is located at the bilaterally symmetrical position of the butt-joint flat plate 3, and the position of the laser head 4 is further finely adjusted, so that the focus of the laser beam is located at the butt-joint position of the flat plate butt-joint. After the position is adjusted, the position is kept unchanged.
Specifically, the main throttle valve 7 is opened, the introduction of the shielding gas is started, and then, the operation of selecting slow cooling or rapid cooling is performed according to the welding material.
Example 1
2219 aluminum alloy with the size of 500mm multiplied by 200mm multiplied by 8mm is selected, after the surface is polished, the aluminum alloy is horizontally fixed, and then a unilateral laser welding parameter groping experiment is carried out. When the laser power is gradually adjusted to 2600W, the single-side fusion depth reaches one third of the plate thickness, the parameter is preliminarily determined to be a mirror image welding parameter, and a proper laser incidence angle is determined to be 5 degrees.
And horizontally clamping 2219 flat plate 3 with the same specification, and fixing by adopting 770W continuous laser spot welding. According to actual needs, double-sided spot welding is selected, and the gap between the two welded plates is not more than 0.1 mm. And then, vertically placing the flat plate fixed by spot welding on a workbench, and clamping by using a clamp.
And adjusting the position of the welding robot to enable the laser head 4 to be located at the symmetrical position of the two sides of the butt joint flat plate, and further finely adjusting the position of the laser head 4 to enable the focus of the laser beam to be located at the butt joint position of the butt joint of the flat plates. After the position is adjusted, the position is kept unchanged.
The material is entered into a database in the computer control system 9 and the quench system is started based on the data displayed in the database. The computer control system 9 is used for opening the main throttle valve 7 and the sub-throttle valve s1 in a numerical control manner, and the displayed working environment temperature is T1 according to the information of the temperature sensor 15 collected by the temperature display 11 in the emergency cooling cabinet 5. The cooling temperature set to T2 is selected and the appropriate cooling time is set using the cooling temperature recommended by the database in the computer control system 9. When the gas temperature in the temperature-controlled cooling device 14 reaches the set value, the temperature sensor 16 collects a signal and transmits the signal to the temperature display 12, and the voice broadcaster 13 sends a prompt at the moment, so that the computer control system 9 is used for opening the sub-throttle valve s3 in a numerical control manner to start to convey the shielding gas.
The laser beam generated by the laser 1 is split into two laser beams having the same power by the beam splitter 2, and transmitted to the laser heads 4, while the laser beams are emitted from the two laser heads. And the two laser heads are controlled by the robot linkage system to synchronously weld at the same speed and in the same direction. During welding, the protective gas pipe blows protective gas which can quench the welded position and prevent the welded position from being oxidized on the outer side of the welding seam. Welding under four different positions is realized through changing the welding position among the welding process, and the welding position that selects for use in this embodiment is horizontal welding, upward vertical welding, downward vertical welding, flat welding + overhead welding respectively. The welded seam obtained after welding has good formation, a through molten pool, smaller residual stress and smaller welding deformation.
Example 2
Selecting 40Cr steel with the size of 80mm multiplied by 40mm multiplied by 6mm, polishing the surface, horizontally fixing, and then performing a unilateral laser welding parameter groping experiment. Gradually adjusting the laser power to 2200W, wherein the single-side fusion depth reaches one third of the plate thickness, preliminarily determining the parameter as a mirror image welding parameter, and determining a proper laser incidence angle to be 5 degrees.
And horizontally clamping the 40Cr steel flat plate 3 with the same specification, and fixing by adopting 720W continuous laser spot welding. According to actual needs, double-sided spot welding is selected, and the gap between the two welded plates is not more than 0.1 mm. And then, vertically placing the flat plate fixed by spot welding on a workbench, and clamping by using a clamp.
And adjusting the position of the welding robot to enable the laser head 4 to be located at the symmetrical position of the two sides of the butt joint flat plate, and further finely adjusting the position of the laser head 4 to enable the focus of the laser beam to be located at the butt joint position of the butt joint of the flat plates. After the position is adjusted, the position is kept unchanged.
The material is entered into a database in the computer control system 9 and the slow cooling system is turned on based on the data displayed in the database. The computer control system 9 is used for opening the main throttle valve 7 and the sub-throttle valve s2 in a numerical control mode, and the temperature of the working environment is displayed as T3 according to the information of the temperature sensor 21 collected by the temperature display 17 in the heating box 6. Using the cooling temperature recommended by the database in the computer 9, the set temperature T4 is selected and the appropriate heating time is set. When the temperature of the gas in the temperature-controlled heater 20 reaches a set value, the temperature sensor 22 collects a signal and transmits the signal to the temperature display 18, the voice broadcaster 19 sends a prompt at the moment, the computer control system 9 is further utilized to open the sub-throttle valve s4 in a numerical control mode, and finally the warm air enters the protective gas nozzle through the heat insulation pipeline and is sprayed out.
The laser beam generated by the laser 1 is split into two laser beams having the same power by the beam splitter 2, and transmitted to the laser heads 4, while the laser beams are emitted from the two laser heads. And the two laser heads are controlled by the robot linkage system to synchronously weld at the same speed and in the same direction. In the welding process, the double protection gas pipes blow protection gas which can slowly cool the welded position and prevent the welded position from being oxidized outside the welding seam. Welding under four different positions is realized through changing the welding position among the welding process, and the welding position that selects for use in this embodiment is horizontal welding, upward vertical welding, downward vertical welding, flat welding + overhead welding respectively. The welded seam obtained after welding has good formation, a through molten pool, smaller residual stress and smaller welding deformation.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a be used for laser mirror image welding to follow welding refrigerated accurate temperature regulating device which characterized in that:
the precise temperature control device comprises four systems: a quenching system, a slow cooling system, a welding system and a control system. The rapid cooling system comprises a rapid cooling cabinet 5 (the interior of the rapid cooling cabinet comprises an ambient temperature display 11, a gas temperature display 12, a voice broadcaster 13, a temperature control cooler 14, temperature sensors 15 and 16), a main throttle valve 7, sub-throttle valves s1 and s3 and the like; the slow cooling system comprises a heating box 6 (the interior of which comprises an ambient temperature display 17, a gas temperature display 18, a voice broadcaster 19, a temperature control heater 20, temperature sensors 21 and 22), a main throttle valve 7, sub-throttle valves s2 and s4 and the like. The selection of two working modes of rapid cooling and slow cooling, the switch of each throttle valve and the setting of the cooling temperature are all controlled by a computer control system 9 in a unified way. After the cooling system is set, the cooling system is connected with the welding system to implement welding-following cooling, so that the cooling rate of the weldment is effectively controlled, and the quality of the weldment is improved.
2. The accurate temperature control device and method for laser mirror welding follow-up cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that for the material to be quenched along with welding, the computer control system 9 is used to open the main throttle valve 7 and the sub-throttle valve s1 in numerical control mode, so that the gas flows out of the gas cylinder 8 and passes through the rapid cooling cabinet 5 for cooling, when the temperature of the gas in the temperature control cooler 14 in the rapid cooling cabinet 5 reaches the range T set by the computer control system 91～T2During the process, the valve s3 is opened through the reminding of the voice broadcast device 13, and the rapid cooling is carried out along with the welding after the pipeline is passed through.
3. The accurate temperature control device and method for the laser mirror welding follow-up cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that for the material to be subjected to follow-up slow cooling, the computer control system 9 is used for opening the main throttle valve 7 and the sub-throttle valve s2 in a numerical control manner, so that the gas flows out of the gas cylinder 8 and is heated in the heating box 6, when the temperature of the gas in the temperature control heating machine 20 in the heating box 6 reaches the range set by the computer control system 9, the valve s4 is started through the reminding of the voice broadcaster 19, and the follow-up slow cooling is performed after the gas passes through the pipeline.
4. The apparatus and method of claim 1, wherein the valves of the quenching system and the slow cooling system are not allowed to open simultaneously, so as to prevent the cold and hot gases from meeting at the same time and causing damage to the gas transmission pipeline and the equipment. If simultaneous opening occurs, an alarm flag will appear on the interface of the computer control system 9.
5. The apparatus and method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rapid cooling system and the slow cooling system are provided with temperature sensors (low temperature sensors 15 and 16) for monitoring temperature T3～T4(ii) a High temperature sensors 21 and 22 for monitoring temperature range T5～T6. The temperature displays 11 and 17 are used for displaying the temperature in the working environment in real time, the temperature display 12 is used for displaying the temperature of the low-temperature gas in the rapid cooling system device in real time, and the temperature display 18 is used for displaying the temperature of the high-temperature gas in the slow cooling system device in real time.
6. The apparatus and method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the quenching system has a cooling and shielding gas feeding function, the slow cooling system has a shielding gas heating and feeding function, and the flow rate of the cooling gas can be adjusted by a throttle valve. Wherein, the selection of gas includes but not limited to nitrogen gas, argon gas etc. and the pipe that is used for transporting gas all is the heat preservation pipeline, and is equipped with thermal-insulated protective housing outside the pipe.
7. The accurate temperature control device and method for cooling along with welding in laser mirror image welding according to claim 1, characterized in that a certain clamping device is adopted between the laser head 4 and the shielding gas nozzle 10 for mechanical fixation, thereby realizing synchronous operation, and synchronously cooling along with welding behind a molten pool in the welding process, so as to achieve the effect of improving the quality of welding seams.
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| CN115255635A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-11-01 | 苏州智慧谷激光智能装备有限公司 | Laser welding system and method |
| CN116551208A (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-08-08 | 佛山市顺德区森焱五金制品有限公司 | Metal plate laser cutting equipment and method based on cooling of cutting part |
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Application publication date: 20210427 |