CN111673219B - Welding method for single-side welding and double-side forming of thick-framework T-shaped structure laser oscillation filler wire - Google Patents

Welding method for single-side welding and double-side forming of thick-framework T-shaped structure laser oscillation filler wire Download PDF

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CN111673219B
CN111673219B CN202010500816.6A CN202010500816A CN111673219B CN 111673219 B CN111673219 B CN 111673219B CN 202010500816 A CN202010500816 A CN 202010500816A CN 111673219 B CN111673219 B CN 111673219B
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welding
framework
welded
skin
laser
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CN111673219A (en
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黄瑞生
杨义成
杜兵
梁晓梅
李小宇
孙谦
方乃文
邹吉鹏
曹浩
聂鑫
蒋宝
方迪生
武鹏博
宋建廷
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Harbin Research Institute of Welding
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Harbin Research Institute of Welding
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/005—Soldering by means of radiant energy
    • B23K1/0056—Soldering by means of radiant energy soldering by means of beams, e.g. lasers, E.B.
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K3/00—Tools, devices, or special appurtenances for soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering, not specially adapted for particular methods
    • B23K3/06—Solder feeding devices; Solder melting pans
    • B23K3/0607—Solder feeding devices
    • B23K3/063—Solder feeding devices for wire feeding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K3/00—Tools, devices, or special appurtenances for soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering, not specially adapted for particular methods
    • B23K3/08—Auxiliary devices therefor

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Abstract

The invention discloses a welding method for single-side welding and double-side forming of a thick-framework T-shaped structure laser oscillation filler wire, and relates to the field of material processing engineering. The invention aims to solve the technical problems of poor stability, low efficiency and difficulty in welding thick-framework curve welding seams in the conventional welding method of the T-shaped structure. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, processing the end surface to be welded of the framework and the area to be welded of the skin; secondly, placing and fixing the framework; thirdly, adjusting the laser gun and calibrating; fourthly, adjusting a walking path; fifthly, assembling the skin; and sixthly, setting laser oscillation wire filling welding parameters and executing welding. The invention adopts laser oscillation filler wire welding to achieve the effect of synchronous forming of the back surface of the skin and two sides of the framework through welding of the front surface of the skin, can realize synchronous forming of fillet welds at two sides of the framework only through one-time welding, achieves the aim of improving welding efficiency by times, and can ensure the consistency and stability of the forming process. The method is used for welding the complex curve welding seam of the thick-framework T-shaped structure formed by the skin and the framework.

Description

Welding method for single-side welding and double-side forming of thick-framework T-shaped structure laser oscillation filler wire
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material processing engineering.
Background
The T-shaped structure formed by the skin and the framework in close contact is a common typical structure in engineering, the optimized design of the framework structure can effectively reduce the weight of the component and realize the lightweight manufacture of the component, and the structure can also obviously improve the comprehensive service performance of the component in some application fields, so that the key component based on the skin-framework T-shaped structure is widely applied to the key fields of aircraft shells, ships, energy equipment and the like. The production of the skin-skeleton T-shaped structure by a welding method is still the mainstream technology of mass production of the components, so that a great deal of research work is carried out by relevant scholars at home and abroad around the high-efficiency and high-quality welding of the skin-skeleton T-shaped structure, and some welding technologies which can be directly applied are developed.
The heat source types used by the welding technologies include electric arc, laser-electric arc compounding and the like, most of welding process execution schemes also use the framework as a symmetrical surface, two welding heat sources move to areas to be welded on two sides of the framework at a certain angle and direction, and then fillet welds on two sides of the areas to be welded of the T-shaped joint framework are synchronously welded on two sides. The technical scheme adopts a symmetrical welding method to reduce the post-welding angular deformation problem caused by single-side asymmetrical welding to a certain extent, but a plurality of places which need to be improved still exist in the process implementation process, such as: firstly, the heat input of synchronous welding at two sides of two heat sources is still large, and the problem of angular deformation of a welded component with a thin size is still serious; the requirement of synchronous welding of the two heat sources on welding equipment is high, the one-time investment cost and the operation cost are improved invisibly, and meanwhile, the complexity in the equipment integration process is multiplied; synchronously welding two heat sources at two sides of the framework, wherein each welding heat source has own process parameters, the disturbance of any heat source process parameter can influence the welding quality, and the robustness of the process is relatively poor; when two sides of the T-shaped structure are welded, the heat source reaches the area to be welded at a certain angle, a certain angle exists between the depth direction and the gravity direction of a liquid molten pool, and bubbles in the molten pool move vertically upwards, so that the difficulty is increased for the bubbles to completely escape, a large number of air holes exist in the welding line, and the service performance of a welding joint is influenced; with continuous popularization and application of topology optimization design technology, the shape and spatial distribution characteristics of a skeleton structure are more and more complex, the problem that interference occurs between a welding gun and the skeleton in the space during the walking process of the welding gun during welding of two sides of the skeleton increasingly protrudes, and the method becomes a main factor for seriously restricting the popularization and application of the two-side synchronous welding technology in skin-skeleton T-shaped structures.
In addition, for the skin-skeleton T-shaped structure skin front surface laser welding and skin back surface skeleton end surface two-side synchronous forming process, the synchronous forming uniformity and consistency of welding angles on two sides of the skeleton end surface are key factors for ensuring the T-shaped structure welding quality, so that the requirement on the working condition adaptability of the process is extremely high. The weld joint obtained in the conventional single laser welding process generally has the characteristics of large weld penetration, small fusion width and the like, and a weld joint with a large depth-to-width ratio is formed; in addition, the spot diameter of the conventional single laser in the material surface irradiation area is generally about 1mm, and the action area is small, which puts severe requirements on the assembly requirement of the workpiece and the position precision of the laser irradiation area. Therefore, the conventional single laser welding process is not suitable for welding large-fusion-width welding seams and welding workpieces under the condition of high requirement on welding working condition adaptability. By combining the analysis, for the single-side welding and double-side forming of the T-shaped structure with the large thickness of the end face of the framework, the problems that the welding corners on the two sides of the end face of the framework are not formed or the welding corners are not formed stably and the like due to deviation of laser welding path calibration or insufficient weld bead fusion width in the conventional single-laser welding are easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a thick-framework T-shaped structure laser oscillation wire-filling single-side welding and double-side forming welding method, aiming at solving the technical problems of poor stability, low efficiency and difficulty in welding thick-framework curve welding seams of the existing welding method of the T-shaped structure.
A welding method for single-side welding and double-side forming of a thick-framework T-shaped structure laser oscillation filler wire specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, machining the end face to be welded of the framework and the area to be welded of the skin; thickness d of end face to be welded of framework13-12 mm;
secondly, adopting a clamp to enable the end face to be welded of the framework processed in the step one to be horizontal, and then fixing;
adjusting the laser beam irradiation area to be located in the central area of the end face to be welded of the framework, and then moving the laser welding head to carry out point-by-point calibration;
fourthly, checking and adjusting the walking path of the laser moving device to be consistent with the track of the center of the end face to be welded of the framework by taking the center of the end face to be welded of the framework as a reference;
assembling the area to be welded of the skin on the end face to be welded of the framework, tightly fixing the skin on the framework by using a clamp to form a T-shaped structure, wherein the emission port of the laser gun faces the front face of the skin;
and sixthly, setting welding parameters of laser oscillation filler wire welding according to the materials and the thickness of the framework and the skin, and executing the laser oscillation filler wire welding according to the walking path to finish the welding method for the single-side welding and double-side forming of the thick-framework T-shaped structure laser oscillation filler wire.
The framework in the skin-framework T-shaped structure can be in any shape, such as a flat plate structure or a curved surface structure;
step three, a device for moving the laser welding head is an actuating mechanism, such as a special welding machine consisting of a robot or other power devices;
setting laser welding parameters, and setting the oscillation amplitude to be 0.6-1.0 mm when the thickness of the end surface to be welded of the framework is 3-4 mm; when the thickness of the end face to be welded of the framework is 5-6 mm, setting the oscillation amplitude to be 1.2-2.0 mm; when the thickness of the end face to be welded of the framework is 7-9 mm, setting the oscillation amplitude to be 2.7-3.5 mm; when the thickness of the end face to be welded of the framework is 10-12 mm, the oscillation amplitude is set to be 4.0-5.0 mm.
Step six, setting laser welding parameters comprises: laser oscillation mode, welding speed, laser power, defocusing amount, wire feeding speed, oscillation amplitude and oscillation frequency, wherein the laser oscillation mode is not limited to linear oscillation, circular oscillation and 8-shaped oscillation but also comprises other oscillation modes relative to single laser welding; the oscillation amplitude is the oscillation distance of the light beam in different modes and is represented by a symbol f; the oscillation frequency is the number of times the beam oscillates for a complete period per unit time; the welding speed is the speed of movement of the welding torch relative to the workpiece.
The welding method can be applied to the welding of the T-shaped structure with the thick framework and the welding seam curvature radius larger than 2 mm.
The laser-arc hybrid welding is characterized in that two heat sources act on a molten pool in a certain space pose, and a certain distance exists between the two heat sources. Compared with the composite heat source welding, the laser wire filling welding is adopted in the invention, the laser is used as a heat source, the welding wire is used as a filling material, the tail end of the welding wire is directly sent to a laser irradiation area to be melted to form liquid filling metal during welding, and a welding seam is formed after solidification to finish welding. Therefore, the action position of the laser on the surface of the material and the wire feeding position are basically overlapped during the laser wire filling welding, which is very beneficial to complex curved surface welding seams with small curvature radius and needing to continuously and rapidly adjust the welding direction. Therefore, the defect-free welding of the thick-wall framework can be met by utilizing the characteristic of large melting width of the swinging laser; and laser wire filling welding is carried out, and the positions of laser and wire filling are overlapped, so that the welding of complex curves can be realized.
In the welding process, the oscillating laser periodically oscillates on the front surface of the skin, and the heat of the two sides of the back surface of the skin, which are in contact with the framework, periodically fluctuates at the same time, so that the requirement of forming the skin and the framework is gradually met, and the back surface of the skin and the two sides of the framework are synchronously formed; during oscillation laser welding, the temperature of a laser irradiation area is higher than the melting point of a material in the area, so that the material is melted into liquid metal, the stability of the forming process of welding seams at two sides of the framework is favorably controlled, and the consistency of the forming process can be ensured. In addition, the invention controls the temperature field generated by the periodic oscillation laser by regulating and controlling the technological parameters such as welding speed, laser power, oscillation amplitude, oscillation frequency and the like, ensures the consistency of the forming effect of the two sides of the end surface to be welded of the skin and the framework, strictly controls the oscillation frequency and the oscillation amplitude of the oscillation laser according to the viscosity of the material, reduces the internal porosity of the welding seam, and achieves the purpose of improving the service performance of the joint.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the asynchronous welding technology of two sides of a T-shaped welding joint, the laser oscillation welding process for welding the two sides of the front surface and the back surface can realize the purpose of synchronous forming of fillet welds of two sides of the framework only by one-time welding, so that the welding efficiency can be improved exponentially;
compared with the welding of fillet welds at two sides of the framework, the welding of the front side of the skin is not influenced by the complexity of the framework structure at the inner side of the skin, and the problem that a welding gun cannot reach a welding area due to high spatial layout density of the framework or complex shape of the framework can be effectively avoided;
compared with single laser welding, the T-shaped structure laser oscillation wire-filling welding method has the advantages that the oscillated laser beam has a certain stirring effect on a liquid molten pool, the porosity inside a welding seam can be effectively reduced, the service performance of a welding joint is improved, the oscillation laser welding process is stable and good, and less welding flux splashes, so that the melting degree of a skin-framework contact surface and the melting amount of two sides of a skin back framework are extremely favorably controlled accurately, meanwhile, the feeding of welding wires can make up the problem of insufficient filling of liquid metal on the front side of the skin caused by synchronous forming of the two sides of the framework, the regulation and control of the welding seam metallurgical process can be realized through the matching of the welding wires, and the quality of the welding joint is improved;
for a T-shaped structure formed by skin and framework, the front of the oscillating laser skin is welded, and the heat required by synchronous forming of the two sides of the framework on the back of the skin is gradually achieved in periodic fluctuation, so that stable control of the forming process of the two sides of the framework is facilitated, and the consistency of the forming process can be ensured.
Most importantly, the oscillation laser can obtain a welding line with a small depth-to-width ratio through optimization of the oscillation radius, which is very beneficial to the thin thickness dimension of the skin and the large thickness dimension of the framework, and can ensure the quality of synchronous forming of two sides of the framework on the back of the skin. And the laser wire filling welding can meet the process requirements that the curvature radius is small and the welding direction needs to be continuously adjusted, so that the high-quality welding of the complex component is completed. Through verification, the method can well realize the welding of the complex curve welding seam with the curvature radius of more than 2 mm.
Through practical application tests, the laser oscillation welding method can realize the welding of the T-shaped structure formed by the skin and the end surface to be welded of the framework, which is a straight line surface or a curve surface (such as an S-shaped curve surface), and the welding effect of forming the skin and two sides of the framework can be synchronously completed by single welding, the forming of two sides of the welding seam is uniform and consistent, the X-ray nondestructive inspection result shows that no air holes exist in the welding seam, the average value of the structural strength reaches 92% of the base metal through the tensile strength test, in addition, the welding efficiency of the S-shaped curve surface of the end surface to be welded of the framework can be improved by more than 1.2 times, and the X-ray nondestructive inspection result shows that the air hole rate in the welding seam is reduced to 0.05% or no air holes appear. Therefore, the invention adopts laser oscillation filler wire welding to achieve the effect of synchronous forming of the back surface of the skin and two sides of the framework through the front surface welding of the skin, and can realize the high-quality welding of the T-shaped structure.
In conclusion, the purposes of quality improvement and efficiency improvement of the welded structural member of the type can be realized by utilizing the laser oscillation wire-filling welding technology of the T-shaped structure which is formed by welding the front surface of the skin and synchronously forming the two sides of the back framework of the skin.
The method is used for welding the complex curve welding seam of the thick-framework T-shaped structure formed by the skin and the framework.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic welding diagram in a welding method of single-side welding and double-side forming of a thick-skeleton T-shaped structure laser oscillation filler wire according to a first embodiment; wherein 1 represents a skin, 2 represents a skeleton, 3 represents a laser gun, 4 represents a wire feeding nozzle, and 5 represents a welding wire;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which a laser oscillation mode is circular oscillation;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of a front side of a skin weld after welding according to one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of the back of a weld on one side of the skeleton after welding according to one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a photograph of the back of another side weld of the skeleton after welding according to the embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a second embodiment in which the laser oscillation mode is linear oscillation;
FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of an example quad-serpentine backbone.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment provides a welding method for single-side welding and double-side forming of a thick-framework T-shaped structure laser oscillation filler wire, which specifically comprises the following steps of:
firstly, machining the end face to be welded of the framework and the area to be welded of the skin; thickness d of end face to be welded of framework13-12 mm;
secondly, adopting a clamp to enable the end face to be welded of the framework processed in the step one to be horizontal, and then fixing;
adjusting a laser gun, controlling a laser beam irradiation area to be positioned in a central area of the end surface to be welded of the framework, and then moving a laser welding head to perform point-by-point calibration;
fourthly, checking and adjusting the walking path of the laser moving device to be consistent with the track of the center of the end face to be welded of the framework by taking the center of the end face to be welded of the framework as a reference;
assembling the area to be welded of the skin on the end face to be welded of the framework, tightly fixing the skin on the framework by using a clamp to form a T-shaped structure, wherein the emission port of the laser gun faces the front face of the skin;
and sixthly, setting welding parameters of laser oscillation filler wire welding according to the materials and the thickness of the framework and the skin, and executing the laser oscillation filler wire welding according to the walking path to finish the welding method for the single-side welding and double-side forming of the thick-framework T-shaped structure laser oscillation filler wire.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: step one, the end surface to be welded of the framework is a linear surface or a curved surface. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: step one, the thickness d of the end surface to be welded of the framework1Thickness d of skin2The ratio of (A) to (B) is the bone hormone ratio gamma, i.e.
Figure BDA0002524752080000051
Wherein gamma is more than or equal to 0.2 and less than or equal to 0.8. The other is the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: and step one, flattening the to-be-welded end surface of the skeleton and the to-be-welded area of the skin, wherein the assembly clearance between the to-be-welded end surface of the skeleton and the to-be-welded area of the skin is less than 0.2 mm. The others are the same as in one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: and in the third step, the point-by-point calibration adopts a robot to move a laser welding head, and a welding path is taught through a starting welding point, a middle point and a welding end point. The other is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: and fifthly, fixing the gap between the contact surface of the rear framework and the skin to be less than 0.1 mm. The other is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: setting laser welding parameters, and setting the oscillation amplitude to be 0.6-1.0 mm when the thickness of the end surface to be welded of the framework is 3-4 mm; when the thickness of the end face to be welded of the framework is 5-6 mm, setting the oscillation amplitude to be 1.2-2.0 mm; when the thickness of the end face to be welded of the framework is 7-9 mm, setting the oscillation amplitude to be 2.7-3.5 mm; when the thickness of the end face to be welded of the framework is 10-12 mm, the oscillation amplitude is set to be 4.0-5.0 mm. The other is the same as one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: sixthly, when laser welding parameters are set, when the welding speed is set to be 0.6-1.5 m/min, and when the framework and the skin are made of welding materials with high viscosity coefficients, the oscillation frequency is set to be 30-60 Hz; when the skeleton and the skin are made of welding materials with low viscosity coefficients, the oscillation frequency is set to be 90-150 Hz. The other is the same as one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: the welding material with high viscosity coefficient is stainless steel, carbon steel, low alloy steel or titanium alloy; the welding material with low viscosity coefficient is aluminum alloy or copper alloy. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that: and step six, the oscillation mode of the laser oscillation wire filling welding is circular oscillation or linear oscillation. The other is the same as one of the first to ninth embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
the first embodiment is as follows:
the welding material of the present embodiment is 304 stainless steel material, the welding wire is 307Si, and the diameter is 1.2 mm. The thickness of the skin sample is 4mm, the specification is 300mm multiplied by 200mm multiplied by 4mm, the thickness of the end face to be welded of the skeleton is 3mm, and the specification is 300 multiplied by 100 multiplied by 3 mm.
The embodiment of the invention relates to a welding method for single-side welding and double-side forming of a thick-framework T-shaped structure laser oscillation filler wire, which specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, machining the end face to be welded of the framework and the area to be welded of the skin; the end surface to be welded of the framework and the area to be welded of the skin are smooth after treatment, and the assembly clearance between the end surface to be welded of the framework and the area to be welded of the skin is less than 0.2 mm;
secondly, vertically placing the framework processed in the first step by adopting a clamp to enable the end surface (thickness surface) to be welded of the framework to be horizontal, and then fixing;
adjusting the incident angle of a laser gun to be 5 degrees, enabling the laser focus to be above the end face to be welded of the framework, enabling the distance to be 6mm, controlling the laser beam irradiation area to be located in the central area of the end face to be welded of the framework, then adopting a robot to move a laser welding head to carry out point-by-point calibration, and teaching a welding path through a welding starting point, a middle point and a welding ending point;
fourthly, checking and adjusting the walking path of the laser moving device to be consistent with the track of the center of the end face to be welded of the framework by taking the center of the end face to be welded of the framework as a reference;
removing stains on the to-be-welded end face of the framework and the to-be-welded area of the skin by adopting industrial alcohol, assembling the to-be-welded area of the skin on the to-be-welded end face of the framework, tightly fixing the skin on the framework by utilizing a clamp to form a T-shaped structure, and enabling a transmitting opening of the laser gun to face the front face of the skin; checking by using a feeler gauge, and determining that the gap between the framework and the skin contact surface is less than 0.1 mm;
setting welding parameters of laser oscillation wire filling welding, wherein the laser output power is 5.2kW, the welding speed is 1.0m/min, the wire feeding speed is 2.5m/min, the laser oscillation mode is circular oscillation, the laser oscillation amplitude is 0.65mm, and the laser oscillation frequency is 50 Hz; and performing laser oscillation filler wire welding according to the walking path to finish the welding method for the single-side welding and double-side forming of the thick-framework T-shaped structure laser oscillation filler wire.
The weld forming effect of the embodiment is shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, and it can be seen that the welding method using the oscillation laser filler wire realizes the welding effect of synchronously forming two sides of the end face of the skeleton with the thickness of 4mm on the front surface of the skin and 3mm on the back surface of the skin. The front side and the back side of the welding seam are formed uniformly and consistently, and the X-ray nondestructive inspection result shows that no air holes exist in the welding seam. The average value of the tensile strength tests of the three tensile samples of the welding joints reaches 92 percent of that of the base metal. Therefore, after parameter optimization, the high-quality welding of the T-shaped structure can be realized by the laser oscillation wire-filling welding method of welding the front surface of the skin and synchronously forming the two sides of the back framework of the skin.
Example two:
the welding material of the embodiment is precipitation hardening martensitic stainless steel with the mark of 17-4PH, and the welding wire is ER40NiMo welding wire with the diameter of 1.2 mm. The thickness of the skin sample is 6mm, the specification is 300mm multiplied by 200mm multiplied by 6mm, the thickness of the end face to be welded of the skeleton is 4mm, and the specification is 300mm multiplied by 100mm multiplied by 4 mm.
The embodiment of the invention relates to a welding method for single-side welding and double-side forming of a thick-framework T-shaped structure laser oscillation filler wire, which specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, machining the end face to be welded of the framework and the area to be welded of the skin; the end surface to be welded of the framework and the area to be welded of the skin are smooth after treatment, and the assembly clearance between the end surface to be welded of the framework and the area to be welded of the skin is less than 0.2 mm;
secondly, vertically placing the framework processed in the first step by adopting a clamp to enable the end surface (thickness surface) to be welded of the framework to be horizontal, and then fixing;
adjusting the incident angle of a laser gun to be 5 degrees, enabling the laser focus to be above the end face to be welded of the framework, enabling the distance to be 6mm, controlling the laser beam irradiation area to be located in the central area of the end face to be welded of the framework, then adopting a robot to move a laser welding head to carry out point-by-point calibration, and teaching a welding path through a welding starting point, a middle point and a welding ending point;
fourthly, checking and adjusting the walking path of the laser moving device to be consistent with the track of the center of the end face to be welded of the framework by taking the center of the end face to be welded of the framework as a reference;
removing stains on the to-be-welded end face of the framework and the to-be-welded area of the skin by adopting industrial alcohol, assembling the to-be-welded area of the skin on the to-be-welded end face of the framework, tightly fixing the skin on the framework by utilizing a clamp to form a T-shaped structure, and enabling a transmitting opening of the laser gun to face the front face of the skin; checking by using a feeler gauge, and determining that the gap between the framework and the skin contact surface is less than 0.1 mm;
setting welding parameters of laser oscillation wire filling welding, wherein the laser output power is 7.0kW, the welding speed is 1.0m/min, the wire feeding speed is 4.0m/min, the laser oscillation mode is linear oscillation, the laser oscillation amplitude is 0.8mm, and the laser oscillation frequency is 60 Hz; and performing laser oscillation filler wire welding according to the walking path to finish the welding method for the single-side welding and double-side forming of the thick-framework T-shaped structure laser oscillation filler wire.
The welding method of the oscillation laser filler wire realizes the welding effect of synchronous forming of two sides of the end faces of the skin with the thickness of 6mm and the framework with the thickness of 4 mm. The front and back surfaces of the welding line are formed uniformly; no crack appears in the welding seam; the porosity is free from pores; the tensile test sample shows that the tensile strength of the welding seam reaches 89.5 percent of that of the parent metal; compared with the welding method of the two sides of the framework, the welding efficiency of the welding method is improved by 1.2 times.
Example three:
the welding material of the embodiment is TC4 titanium alloy, and the welding wire is TC4 titanium alloy of the same material. The thickness of the skin sample is 5mm, the specification is 300mm multiplied by 200mm multiplied by 5mm, the thickness of the end face to be welded of the skeleton is 5mm, the specification is 300mm multiplied by 100mm multiplied by 5mm, and the shape of the skeleton is a typical S-shaped structure.
The embodiment of the invention relates to a welding method for single-side welding and double-side forming of a thick-framework T-shaped structure laser oscillation filler wire, which specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, machining the end face to be welded of the framework and the area to be welded of the skin; the end surface to be welded of the framework and the area to be welded of the skin are smooth after treatment, and the assembly clearance between the end surface to be welded of the framework and the area to be welded of the skin is less than 0.2 mm;
secondly, vertically placing the framework processed in the first step by adopting a clamp to enable the end surface (thickness surface) to be welded of the framework to be horizontal, and then fixing;
adjusting the incident angle of a laser gun to be 5 degrees, enabling the laser focus to be above the end face to be welded of the framework, enabling the distance to be 6mm, controlling the laser beam irradiation area to be located in the central area of the end face to be welded of the framework, then adopting a robot to move a laser welding head to carry out point-by-point calibration, and teaching a welding path through a welding starting point, a middle point and a welding ending point;
fourthly, checking and adjusting the walking path of the laser moving device to be consistent with the track of the center of the end face to be welded of the framework by taking the center of the end face to be welded of the framework as a reference;
removing stains on the to-be-welded end face of the framework and the to-be-welded area of the skin by adopting industrial alcohol, assembling the to-be-welded area of the skin on the to-be-welded end face of the framework, tightly fixing the skin on the framework by utilizing a clamp to form a T-shaped structure, and enabling a transmitting opening of the laser gun to face the front face of the skin; checking by using a feeler gauge, and determining that the gap between the framework and the skin contact surface is less than 0.1 mm;
setting welding parameters of laser oscillation wire filling welding, wherein the laser output power is 6.0kW, the welding speed is 0.8m/min, the wire feeding speed is 3.5m/min, the laser oscillation mode is linear oscillation, the laser oscillation amplitude is 1.8mm, and the laser oscillation frequency is 45 Hz; and performing laser oscillation filler wire welding according to the walking path to finish the welding method for the single-side welding and double-side forming of the thick-framework T-shaped structure laser oscillation filler wire.
The welding method of the oscillation laser filler wire is utilized to realize the T-shaped structure consisting of the skin with the thickness of 5mm and the S-shaped framework with the thickness of 5mm, the front surface of the skin is welded at a single time, and the two sides of the end surface of the framework on the back surface of the skin are synchronously formed. Compared with synchronous laser wire filling welding on two sides of the framework, the welding efficiency is improved by 1.5 times, only one set of welding laser welding system is needed, and the investment of welding equipment is reduced by 60%. After the welding is finished by the method, the front side and the back side of the welding seam are formed uniformly and consistently, and the X-ray nondestructive inspection result shows that the porosity inside the welding seam is only 0.05 percent and the size of each pore is less than 0.1 mm. Tensile strength tests of the welded joint are broken on the base metal, which shows that the strength of the welding seam is higher than that of the base metal.
Example four:
the welding material of the embodiment is 304 stainless steel, the grade of the welding wire is ER308L, and the diameter of the welding wire is 1.2 mm. The thickness of the skin sample is 12mm, the specification is 300mm multiplied by 200mm multiplied by 5mm, the thickness of the end surface to be welded of the framework is 8mm, and the shape is a complex 'snake-shaped' characteristic.
The embodiment of the invention relates to a welding method for single-side welding and double-side forming of a thick-skeleton complex-curve T-shaped structure by laser oscillation wire filling, which specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, machining the end face to be welded of the framework and the area to be welded of the skin; the end surface to be welded of the framework and the area to be welded of the skin are smooth after treatment, and the assembly clearance between the end surface to be welded of the framework and the area to be welded of the skin is less than 0.2 mm;
secondly, vertically placing the framework processed in the first step by adopting a special fixture, enabling the end surface (thickness surface) to be welded of the framework to be horizontal, and then fixing;
adjusting the incidence angle of a laser gun to be 8 degrees, enabling the laser focus to be above the end face to be welded of the framework, enabling the distance to be 2mm, controlling the laser beam irradiation area to be located in the central area of the end face to be welded of the framework, then adopting a robot to move a laser welding head to carry out point-by-point calibration, teaching a welding path through a starting welding point, a middle point and a welding ending point, wherein the number of the middle points is large, and completing accurate planning of the path through multi-point calibration and spline curve interpolation at the turning position;
fourthly, checking and adjusting the walking path of the laser moving device to be consistent with the track of the center of the end face to be welded of the framework by taking the center of the end face to be welded of the framework as a reference;
removing stains on the to-be-welded end face of the framework and the to-be-welded area of the skin by adopting industrial alcohol, assembling the to-be-welded area of the skin on the to-be-welded end face of the framework, tightly fixing the skin on the framework by utilizing a clamp to form a T-shaped structure, and enabling a transmitting opening of the laser gun to face the front face of the skin; checking by using a feeler gauge, and determining that the gap between the framework and the skin contact surface is less than 0.2 mm;
setting welding parameters of laser oscillation wire filling welding, wherein the laser output power is 12.0kW, the welding speed is 1.2m/min, the wire feeding speed is 4m/min, the laser oscillation mode is linear oscillation, the laser oscillation amplitude is 4.8mm, and the laser oscillation frequency is 45 Hz; and performing laser oscillation filler wire welding according to the walking path to finish the welding method for the single-side welding and double-side forming of the thick-framework T-shaped structure laser oscillation filler wire.
The top view of the serpentine framework in this embodiment is shown in fig. 7.
The welding method of the oscillation laser filler wire is utilized to realize the T-shaped structure consisting of the skin with the thickness of 12mm and the snake-shaped skeleton with the thickness of 8mm, the front side of the skin is welded at a single time, and the two sides of the end surface of the skeleton on the back side of the skin are synchronously formed. The method solves the technical problem that the welding process cannot be executed due to the spatial position interference between the welding gun and the framework when the two sides of the framework are synchronously welded.

Claims (5)

1. A welding method for single-side welding and double-side forming of a thick-framework T-shaped structure laser oscillation filler wire is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, machining the end face to be welded of the framework and the area to be welded of the skin; thickness d of end face to be welded of framework13-12 mm;
secondly, adopting a clamp to enable the end face to be welded of the framework processed in the step one to be horizontal, and then fixing;
adjusting a laser gun, controlling a laser beam irradiation area to be positioned in a central area of the end surface to be welded of the framework, and then moving a laser welding head to perform point-by-point calibration;
fourthly, checking and adjusting the walking path of the laser moving device to be consistent with the track of the center of the end face to be welded of the framework by taking the center of the end face to be welded of the framework as a reference;
assembling the area to be welded of the skin on the end face to be welded of the framework, tightly fixing the skin on the framework by using a clamp to form a T-shaped structure, wherein the emission port of the laser gun faces the front face of the skin;
setting welding parameters of laser oscillation filler wire welding according to the materials and the thickness of the framework and the skin, and executing the laser oscillation filler wire welding on the front surface of the skin according to a walking path to finish the welding method of the thick-framework T-shaped structure laser oscillation filler wire single-side welding and double-side forming;
step one, the thickness d of the end surface to be welded of the framework1Thickness d of skin2The ratio of (A) to (B) is the bone hormone ratio gamma, i.e.
Figure FDA0003128105220000011
Wherein gamma is more than or equal to 0.2 and less than or equal to 0.8;
setting laser welding parameters, and setting the oscillation amplitude to be 0.6-1.0 mm when the thickness of the end surface to be welded of the framework is 3-4 mm; when the thickness of the end face to be welded of the framework is 5-6 mm, setting the oscillation amplitude to be 1.2-2.0 mm; when the thickness of the end face to be welded of the framework is 7-9 mm, setting the oscillation amplitude to be 2.7-3.5 mm; when the thickness of the end face to be welded of the framework is 10-12 mm, setting the oscillation amplitude to be 4.0-5.0 mm;
sixthly, when laser welding parameters are set, when the welding speed is set to be 0.6-1.5 m/min, and when the framework and the skin are made of welding materials with high viscosity coefficients, the oscillation frequency is set to be 30-60 Hz; when the skeleton and the skin are made of welding materials with low viscosity coefficients, setting the oscillation frequency to be 90-150 Hz; the welding material with high viscosity coefficient is stainless steel, carbon steel, low alloy steel or titanium alloy; the welding material with low viscosity coefficient is aluminum alloy or copper alloy;
and step six, the oscillation mode of the laser oscillation wire filling welding is circular oscillation or linear oscillation.
2. The welding method of the thick-framework T-shaped structure laser oscillation filler wire single-side welding and double-side forming according to claim 1, characterized in that the end surface to be welded of the framework in the step one is a linear surface or a curved surface.
3. The welding method for the thick-framework T-shaped structure laser oscillation filler wire single-side welding and double-side forming according to claim 1, characterized in that after the first step, the welding end surface of the framework and the welding area of the skin are smooth.
4. The welding method of claim 1, wherein the calibration step comprises a step of moving the laser welding head point by using a robot, and a welding path is taught through a starting point, a middle point and a welding end point.
5. The welding method of claim 1, wherein in step five, the gap between the contact surfaces of the fixed back framework and the skin is less than 0.1 mm.
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