CN109732210B - Automatic welding method and device for galvanometer laser-hot wire composite pipeline - Google Patents
Automatic welding method and device for galvanometer laser-hot wire composite pipeline Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for automatically welding a vibrating mirror laser-hot wire composite pipeline, which solve the technical problem of poor fusion between a groove side wall and weld metal in an ultra-thick material narrow gap welding process, and specifically comprise the following steps: (1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) butting a pipeline to open a combined groove, wherein the combined groove is a narrow-gap deep groove, and adjusting the direction and the swing amplitude of a laser beam, the included angle between the laser beam and a welding gun and the size of a laser spot under the condition of protective gas; (2) performing galvanometer laser backing welding on the root truncated edge of the combined groove; (3) adding a welding wire to the combined groove, and adjusting the swing amplitude of the laser beam, the included angle between the welding wire and the laser beam and the distance between the welding wire and a laser spot under the condition of shielding gas; (4) and filling welding and cover welding are carried out on the groove by adopting a galvanometer laser-hot wire composite welding method. The invention also provides a device thereof. The invention can be widely applied to the field of automatic welding of pipelines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automatic welding of pipelines, in particular to an all-position automatic welding method for a vibrating mirror laser-hot wire composite pipeline.
Background
The pipeline is widely applied to the national important industrial fields of petrochemical industry, coal, ore, building materials, nuclear power and the like, and is an important junction for transferring various resources, so that the pipeline welding requirement in the industry is higher, the high welding quality is required to be ensured, and the welding period is required to be shortened as far as possible.
At present, the pipeline welding method applied to actual production in China is mainly arc welding, backing welding is completed by one welding gun surrounding the pipeline for one circle or two welding guns surrounding the pipeline for half circle at the same time, and then the filling capping of the pipeline is performed by an automatic welding, semi-automatic welding or manual welding method. With the rapid increase of resource transportation, in order to bear the transfer of a large amount of material resources, pipelines applied to various industries are gradually developed towards the direction of large-caliber and thick pipe walls, and the electric arc welding cannot improve the welding efficiency by further improving the welding speed or increasing the welding penetration and other methods due to the limitation of the characteristics of the electric arc welding. Laser welding has the characteristics of high speed, large fusion depth and concentrated energy, so that people research the pipeline welding technology of the laser-electric arc composite heat source in order to reduce the consumption of a large amount of manpower and material resources and further improve the current welding efficiency to shorten the construction period.
An X80 pipeline steel laser-MIG composite welding technology is provided in 2015, 5 months, and the technology finally determines a plurality of groups of process parameter ranges capable of ensuring the quality of welding seams by observing the influence of various welding process parameters on the welding seam forming, but the experiment is performed by using a 10mm thick plate and a pipeline is not really used in the later period, so the result is unreliable; the journal of 12 s.2017 describes that the root welding of a pipeline is carried out by a welding process of automatic welding machine of an inner circular seam of the pipeline and laser-MAG composite welding, and then the filling and cover surface welding are carried out by adopting an automatic welding machine.
Although the laser-arc hybrid welding technology for the pipeline has made good progress in recent years, the application of the laser-arc hybrid welding technology to actual production is few, most industries still adopt arc welding to weld the pipeline, and various known pipeline welding methods have certain defects, such as the following:
1. the narrow-gap groove of the thick-wall pipeline often has a thick truncated edge, so that the penetration of pure electric arc welding is difficult during backing welding, and the double-sided welding is complicated;
2. the multilayer single-pass welding of the pipeline is carried out by adopting the traditional electric arc welding mode, the phenomenon that the side wall of the groove is not fused easily occurs, and the defect that the side wall is not fused or fused unevenly can not be completely avoided even if the laser welding assistance is added;
3. when the single welding process parameter is adopted for vertical welding and overhead welding, the molten pool metal is easy to flow under the action of gravity, so that the welding seam is not well formed, the back surface is concave, and the welding seam quality is seriously influenced;
when the general laser-arc hybrid welding mode is adopted for welding, because the fusion depth formed by the laser welding is larger than that formed by the arc welding, the electric arc cannot penetrate into the bottom of the hybrid molten pool to flow, and further bubbles in the molten pool at the bottom cannot escape in time, so that the air hole defect is formed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an all-position automatic pipeline welding method with high pipeline welding efficiency and high stability, aiming at solving the technical problems of poor fusion between the groove side wall and the weld metal in the ultra-thick material narrow gap welding process and weld defects generated in the non-flat welding process.
Therefore, the invention provides a method for automatically welding a vibrating mirror laser-hot wire composite pipeline, which adopts a vibrating mirror laser-hot wire TIG composite pipeline automatic welding technology to weld and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) butting a pipeline to open a combined groove, wherein the combined groove is a narrow-gap deep groove, under the condition of protective gas, adjusting the direction and the swing amplitude of a laser beam, the included angle between the laser beam and a welding gun and the size of a laser spot, wherein the direction of the laser beam is vertical to the tangential direction of the pipeline, the swing amplitude of the laser is-2 mm to +2mm, the included angle between the laser beam and the welding gun is 30-40 degrees, the size of the laser spot is phi 0.4-0.6 mm, and the protective gas is argon; (2) performing galvanometer laser backing welding on the root truncated edge of the combined groove in the step (1); (3) adding a welding wire to the combined groove processed in the step (2), adjusting the swing amplitude of the laser beam, the included angle between the welding wire and the laser beam and the distance between the welding wire and a laser spot under the condition of a shielding gas, wherein the swing amplitude of the laser beam is-5 mm to +5mm, the included angle between the welding wire and the laser beam is 50-60 degrees, the distance between the spot and the welding wire is 2-4 mm, the size of the laser spot is adjusted to phi 0.4-0.6 mm, and the shielding gas adopts Ar gas; (4) filling welding and cover surface welding are carried out on the groove processed in the step (3) by adopting a vibrating mirror laser-hot wire TIG (tungsten inert gas) hybrid welding method;
the pipeline is divided into a left half part and a right half part by a vertical line passing through the axis of the pipeline, the upper end point of the vertical line is a starting end point, the circular arc is divided into a first section to an eighth section, the first section to the fourth section are distributed on the right half part, the fifth section to the eighth section are distributed on the left half part, and the symmetrical sections of the left half part and the right half part have the same welding process parameters;
in the process of backing welding by using the galvanometer laser, the welding process parameters of the first section to the fourth section are as follows:
the welding parameters of the first section are that the laser power is 4.0-8.0 kW, the laser swing frequency is 20-200 HZ, and the welding speed is 0.3-0.6 m/min;
the welding parameters of the second section are that the laser power is 4.0-8.0 kW, the laser swing frequency is 20-200 HZ, and the welding speed is 0.3-0.6 m/min;
the welding parameters of the third section are that the laser power is 5.0-10.0 kW, the laser swing frequency is 20-500 HZ, and the welding speed is 0.4-0.8 m/min;
the welding parameters of the arc of the fourth section are that the laser power is 5.0-10.0 kW, the laser swing frequency is 20-500 HZ, and the welding speed is 0.3-0.6 m/min.
Preferably, in the process of galvanometer laser-hot wire composite filling welding and cover surface welding, the welding process parameters of the first section to the fourth section are as follows:
first segment welding parameters: the laser power is 1.0-2.0 kW, the laser swing frequency is 20-200 HZ, the welding speed is 0.5-1.5 m/min, the wire feeding speed is 3-6 m/min, the hot wire current value is 50-100A, and the arc current value is 160-220A;
second segment welding parameters: the laser power is 1.0-2.0 kW, the laser swing frequency is 20-200 HZ, the welding speed is 0.5-1.5 m/min, the wire feeding speed is 3-6 m/min, the hot wire current value is 50-100A, and the arc current value is 160-220A;
third segment welding parameters: the laser power is 1.0-1.5 kW, the laser swing frequency is 20-500 HZ, the welding speed is 1.5-2.0 m/min, the wire feeding speed is 6-8 m/min, the hot wire current value is 50-80A, and the arc current value is 200-280A;
fourth segment welding parameters: the laser power is 1.0-1.5 kW, the laser swing frequency is 20-500 HZ, the welding speed is 0.5-1.5 m/min, the wire feeding speed is 3-6 m/min, the hot wire current value is 50-80A, and the arc current value is 200-280A;
preferably, the welding modes are flat welding, vertical welding and overhead welding.
The invention also provides an automatic welding device for the galvanometer laser-hot wire composite pipeline, which is provided with a computer control system and an actuating mechanism, wherein the computer control system is used for setting different welding process parameters in the welding process, the actuating mechanism is provided with a galvanometer laser head, a welding gun, a movable trolley, an annular track and a wire feeding device, the galvanometer laser head and the welding gun are connected with the movable trolley in a paraxial composite mode, and the galvanometer laser head is used for controlling the swinging of laser beams through a built-in combined galvanometer.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) backing welding is carried out by adopting galvanometer laser welding; because the energy of the laser beam is concentrated and the heat input is large, the welding can obtain large fusion depth during welding so as to easily fuse the thicker truncated edge, the defect that the thicker truncated edge cannot be fused during traditional electric arc backing welding is overcome, and the efficiency and the quality of the backing welding are greatly improved; the laser welding is performed by adopting a galvanometer scanning laser, so that the heating range is wide, and the requirement of the traditional laser welding on the gap is favorably reduced;
(2) when filling welding and cover surface welding are carried out, a laser welding device of a scanning galvanometer is added, so that a laser beam can transversely and rapidly move and is fully contacted with the side wall of the groove, the side wall and a welding line are fully fused in the welding process, and the welding quality is improved;
(3) when filling welding and cover surface welding are carried out, a laser welding device of a scanning galvanometer is added, so that laser beams oscillate, and thus the bottom of a composite molten pool flows to enable bubbles to escape for enough time, and the defect of air holes is greatly reduced; the oscillation of the laser beam also refines weld grains and reduces the tendency of crack generation, thereby improving the quality of a welded joint;
(4) different welding process parameters are adopted for different positions of the pipeline; dividing the welding line into four sections from the 12:00 point to the 6:00 point, and welding by adopting different welding process parameters; the formation and quality of the welding seam in the vertical welding and overhead welding process are fully ensured by the measures of reducing the power of the laser, improving the welding speed, accelerating the laser swing frequency and the like;
(5) in TIG welding, a hot wire is used for replacing a cold wire, and the hot wire is faster than the cold wire in feeding speed and can be matched with the welding speed of a composite welding device in the automatic pipeline welding process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the automatic welding method of the vibrating mirror laser-hot wire composite pipeline of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a section eight of a pipeline according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a groove formed before welding the pipe according to the present invention.
Reference numerals:
the welding method comprises the following steps of 1, TIG welding gun, 2, laser beam, 3, welding wire, 4, first section, 5, second section, 6, third section, 7, fourth section, 8, fifth section, 9, sixth section, 10, seventh section, 11, eighth section, S1, groove top width, S2, groove bottom width, h, groove bottom blunt edge thickness, a, laser beam and welding gun included angle, b, welding wire and laser beam included angle and alpha groove side wall angle.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the description of the embodiments is only for illustrating the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention as described in the claims.
Example one
The vibrating mirror laser-hot wire TIG composite pipeline automatic welding technology in the embodiment is adopted to weld 316LN stainless steel pipelines with the diameter of 600mm and the wall thickness of 70mm, and the specific experimental method is as follows:
(1) before welding, butting the pipelines and then opening a combined groove, wherein the width S2 of the bottom of the groove is 8mm, the width S1 of the top of the groove is 15mm, the angle alpha of the side wall of the groove is 3 degrees, the thickness h of a truncated edge at the bottom of the groove is 10mm, and the gap of the truncated edge is less than 2 mm; the groove shape and all the parameter positions are shown in fig. 3;
(2) the welding device is formed by compounding a laser head and a side shaft of a TIG welding gun 1 and is rigidly connected with a movable trolley, the included angle a between a laser beam and the TIG welding gun is adjusted to be 30 degrees in advance, the size of a laser spot is 0.6mm, the swing amplitude of the laser beam is adjusted to be-2 mm to +2mm, and argon is used as shielding gas;
(3) the butt welding is carried out to groove bottom truncated edge earlier, what adopt this moment shakes mirror laser autogenous welding mode, adopts different welding parameters to weld to the different positions of pipeline, and concrete parameter is as follows:
welding parameters of the third section 6: the laser power is 8.0kW, the laser swing frequency is 50HZ, and the welding speed is 0.8 m/min;
due to the symmetry of the pipeline, the fifth section 8, the sixth section 9, the seventh section 10 and the eighth section 11 are welded by adopting welding parameters corresponding to the symmetrical parts of the sections;
(4) after backing welding is finished, whether the relative position of a TIG welding gun and a laser beam is changed or not is checked, if the relative position of the TIG welding gun and the laser beam is changed, the relative position needs to be adjusted again, the relative position is consistent with the initial setting parameters, meanwhile, a welding wire 3 is added, the included angle b between the welding wire and the laser beam is adjusted to be 60 degrees, the laser spot size is adjusted to be 0.4mm, the distance between the spot and the front end of the welding wire 3 on a welding surface is 2mm, the laser swing amplitude is-5 mm to +5mm, and argon is used as;
(5) filling welding and cover surface welding are carried out, at the moment, a mode of vibrating mirror laser-hot wire TIG composite welding is adopted, different welding parameters are adopted for welding aiming at different positions of the pipeline, and the specific parameters are as follows:
welding parameters of the third section 6: the laser power is 1.2kW, the laser swing frequency is 50HZ, the welding speed is 2m/min, the wire feeding speed is 7.0m/min, the hot wire current value is 70A, and the arc current value is 240A;
due to the symmetry of the pipe, the fifth section 8, the sixth section 9, the seventh section 10 and the eighth section 11 are welded using welding parameters corresponding to the symmetry positions thereof.
Example two
The 316L stainless steel pipeline with the diameter of 400mm and the wall thickness of 30mm is welded by adopting the automatic welding technology of the galvanometer laser-hot wire TIG composite pipeline in the embodiment, and the specific experimental method is as follows:
(1) before welding, butting the pipelines and then opening a combined groove, wherein the width S2 of the bottom of the groove is 8mm, the width S1 of the top of the groove is 11mm, the angle alpha of the side wall of the groove is 3 degrees, the thickness h of a truncated edge at the bottom of the groove is 5mm, and the gap of the truncated edge is less than 2 mm;
(2) the welding device is formed by compounding a laser head and a side shaft of a TIG welding gun 1 and is rigidly connected with a movable trolley, the included angle a between a laser beam and the TIG welding gun is adjusted to be 30 degrees in advance, the size of a laser spot is 0.5mm, the swing amplitude of the laser beam is adjusted to be-2 mm- +2mm, and argon is used as shielding gas;
(3) the butt welding is carried out to groove bottom truncated edge earlier, what adopt this moment shakes mirror laser autogenous welding mode, adopts different welding parameters to weld to the different positions of pipeline, and concrete parameter is as follows:
welding parameters of the third section 6: the laser power is 5.5kW, the laser swing frequency is 20HZ, and the welding speed is 0.8 m/min;
due to the symmetry of the pipeline, the fifth section 8, the sixth section 9, the seventh section 10 and the eighth section 11 are welded by adopting welding parameters corresponding to the symmetrical parts of the sections;
(4) after backing welding is finished, whether the relative position of a TIG welding gun 1 and a laser beam 2 is changed or not is checked, if so, readjustment is needed to ensure that the relative position is consistent with the initial setting parameters, meanwhile, a welding wire 3 is added, the included angle b between the welding wire 3 and the laser beam 2 is adjusted to be 50 degrees, the laser spot size is adjusted to be 0.5mm, the distance between the spot and the front end of the welding wire on a welding surface is 2mm, the laser swing is-5 mm to +5mm, and argon is used as shielding gas;
(5) filling welding and cover surface welding are carried out, at the moment, a mode of vibrating mirror laser-hot wire TIG composite welding is adopted, different welding parameters are adopted for welding aiming at different positions of the pipeline, and the specific parameters are as follows:
welding parameters of the third section 6: the laser power is 1.2kW, the laser swing frequency is 20HZ, the welding speed is 2m/min, the wire feeding speed is 7.0m/min, the hot wire current value is 70A, and the arc current value is 240A;
due to the symmetry of the pipe, the fifth section 8, the sixth section 9, the seventh section 10 and the eighth section 11 are welded using welding parameters corresponding to the symmetry positions thereof.
Claims (3)
1. A vibrating mirror laser-hot wire composite pipeline automatic welding method is characterized in that a vibrating mirror laser-hot wire TIG composite pipeline automatic welding technology is adopted for welding, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) butting a pipeline to open a combined groove, wherein the combined groove is a narrow-gap deep groove, under the condition of protective gas, adjusting the direction and the swing amplitude of a laser beam, the included angle between the laser beam and a welding gun and the size of a laser spot, wherein the direction of the laser beam is vertical to the tangential direction of the pipeline, the swing amplitude of the laser is-2 mm to +2mm, the included angle between the laser beam and the welding gun is 30-40 degrees, the size of the laser spot is phi 0.4-0.6 mm, and the protective gas is argon;
(2) performing galvanometer laser backing welding on the root truncated edge of the combined groove in the step (1);
(3) adding a welding wire to the combined groove processed in the step (2), adjusting the swing amplitude of the laser beam, the included angle between the welding wire and the laser beam and the distance between the welding wire and a laser spot under the condition of a shielding gas, wherein the swing amplitude of the laser beam is-5 mm to +5mm, the included angle between the welding wire and the laser beam is 50-60 degrees, the distance between the spot and the welding wire is 2-4 mm, the size of the laser spot is adjusted to phi 0.4-0.6 mm, and the shielding gas is Ar gas;
(4) filling welding and cover surface welding are carried out on the groove processed in the step (3) by adopting a galvanometer laser-hot wire TIG (tungsten inert gas) hybrid welding method;
the pipeline is divided into a left half part and a right half part by a vertical line passing through the axis of the pipeline, the upper end point of the vertical line is a starting end point, the circular arc is divided into a first section to an eighth section, the first section to the fourth section are distributed on the right half part, the fifth section to the eighth section are distributed on the left half part, and the symmetrical sections of the left half part and the right half part have the same welding process parameters;
in the process of backing welding by using the galvanometer laser, the welding process parameters of the first section to the fourth section are as follows:
the welding parameters of the first section are that the laser power is 4.0-8.0 kW, the laser swing frequency is 20-200 HZ, and the welding speed is 0.3-0.6 m/min;
the welding parameters of the second section are that the laser power is 4.0-8.0 kW, the laser swing frequency is 20-200 HZ, and the welding speed is 0.3-0.6 m/min;
the welding parameters of the third section are that the laser power is 5.0-10.0 kW, the laser swing frequency is 20-500 HZ, and the welding speed is 0.4-0.8 m/min;
the welding parameters of the arc of the fourth section are that the laser power is 5.0-10.0 kW, the laser swing frequency is 20-500 HZ, and the welding speed is 0.3-0.6 m/min.
2. The automatic welding method for the galvanometer laser-hot wire composite pipeline according to claim 1, wherein when the galvanometer laser-hot wire composite filling welding and the cover surface welding are carried out, the welding process parameters of the first section to the fourth section are as follows:
first segment welding parameters: the laser power is 1.0-2.0 kW, the laser swing frequency is 20-200 HZ, the welding speed is 0.5-1.5 m/min, the wire feeding speed is 3-6 m/min, the hot wire current value is 50-100A, and the arc current value is 160-220A;
second segment welding parameters: the laser power is 1.0-2.0 kW, the laser swing frequency is 20-200 HZ, the welding speed is 0.5-1.5 m/min, the wire feeding speed is 3-6 m/min, the hot wire current value is 50-100A, and the arc current value is 160-220A;
third segment welding parameters: the laser power is 1.0-1.5 kW, the laser swing frequency is 20-500 HZ, the welding speed is 1.5-2 m/min, the wire feeding speed is 6-8 m/min, the hot wire current value is 50-80A, and the arc current value is 200-280A;
fourth segment welding parameters: the laser power is 1.0-1.5 kW, the laser swing frequency is 20-500 HZ, the welding speed is 0.5-1.5 m/min, the wire feeding speed is 3-6 m/min, the hot wire current value is 50-80A, and the arc current value is 200-280A.
3. The method for automatically welding a galvanometer laser-hot wire composite pipeline according to claim 2, wherein the welding modes are horizontal welding, vertical welding and overhead welding.
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| CN110293322A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-10-01 | 武汉金顿激光科技有限公司 | A kind of laser electrical arc complex welding method of martensitic precipitation |
| CN110328449B (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2021-03-05 | 河海大学常州校区 | laser-MIG electric arc hybrid welding method for medium and thick pipe steel |
| CN111001937B (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2022-07-15 | 大庆石油管理局有限公司 | Laser-arc hybrid welding method for circumferential weld of oil and gas long-distance pipeline |
| CN112756787A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-07 | 武汉飞能达激光技术有限公司 | Bimetal composite pipe welding method and product thereof |
| CN113210870A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-06 | 江苏通宇钢管集团有限公司 | Efficient laser-electric arc composite heat source high-strength steel pipeline straight seam welding process |
| CN114273774B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-05-30 | 云南昆船机械制造有限公司 | Laser welding repair method for defects of aluminum alloy castings |
| CN114799526B (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2023-09-05 | 上海交通大学 | Narrow-gap laser swing-filler wire composite welding method for ultra-high-strength steel thick plate |
| CN115178876A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-10-14 | 中国矿业大学 | Ultra-narrow gap laser circular swing filler wire welding method for annular workpiece |
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| CN103056533B (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2015-04-15 | 华中科技大学 | Oscillatory scanning laser beam-electric arc hybrid welding method and system |
| CN103286449B (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2015-07-01 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Narrow gap laser hot-wire-filling welding process for 316LN thick plate |
| CN203509386U (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2014-04-02 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Pre-scanning type welding joint laser tracking device for pipeline multipoint synchronous and automatic welding |
| CN104384717B (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2016-04-13 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Swing laser-heated filament the welding method of butt welding is implemented in the narrow gap of a kind of slab |
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| CN105108340B (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2017-05-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Molten drop transition control method for pipeline all-position laser-MAG composite welding |
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| CN107414303A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-12-01 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of laser scanning combination laser heating wire TIG complex welding method |
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