CN108747022B - Laser powder filling swing welding method for new energy power battery cooling box - Google Patents
Laser powder filling swing welding method for new energy power battery cooling box Download PDFInfo
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- CN108747022B CN108747022B CN201810641528.5A CN201810641528A CN108747022B CN 108747022 B CN108747022 B CN 108747022B CN 201810641528 A CN201810641528 A CN 201810641528A CN 108747022 B CN108747022 B CN 108747022B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/211—Bonding by welding with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
Abstract
A laser powder filling swing welding method for a new energy power battery cooling box belongs to the technical field of material engineering. The connection problem of new energy automobile power battery cooling box is solved. The technical points are as follows: and (3) performing powder filling welding at the connecting part of the battery cooling box by utilizing a laser which is provided with a galvanometer scanning system and generates a swinging laser beam. By controlling the galvanometer scanning system and controlling the swinging amplitude and the swinging frequency of the laser beam, the energy of the laser beam is weakened and welding penetration is prevented when the laser beam swings to the thin wall on one side of the welding seam. The laser beam swings to the other side of the welding seam, the energy of the laser beam is enhanced, and the welding seam is formed. Powder is synchronously fed during welding, and laser beams directly act on metal powder, so that the absorption of the laser is promoted, and the energy absorption efficiency is increased; the metal powder plays a role in buffering laser beams and protecting joints, and the problem of welding-through caused by disturbance during welding of the thin wall of the abdominal structural member is avoided. The invention provides a new idea for welding complex structural parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a laser swing welding method, in particular to a laser powder filling swing welding method for a new energy power battery cooling box, and belongs to the technical field of material engineering.
Background
With the aggravation of environmental pollution, environmental protection trip is advocated to become a social normality, and the development of new energy automobiles becomes a trend. The power of the new energy automobile is usually provided by a lithium ion power battery, and the battery has limited cruising ability and obvious heating phenomenon in the use process, so that the refrigeration and heat reduction of a cooling system are required. The general cooling system mostly adopts a liquid cooling system, the liquid cooling system generally comprises a plurality of structural components, and the cooling box is an important component of the liquid cooling system.
The power battery cooling box used by the new energy automobile is a special complex structural part and is usually made of metal materials with good heat conductivity, such as aluminum alloy and the like. In order to meet the functional requirements of rapid heat dissipation, the abdomen structural member wallboard of the battery box is generally thinner, and the wallboard is internally provided with a row of cooling grooves, so that the flow path of liquid is enlarged, and the heat conduction is increased. And how to solve the problem of tightness of the battery cooling box becomes the key of using the product. In addition, the structure of the battery cooling box is complicated, and it is difficult to manufacture the product through one-time molding, which involves a problem of connection between a plurality of parts.
The packaging welding seam of the aluminum alloy battery cooling box structure is similar to a T-shaped joint welding seam, the requirement on the accuracy of an energy acting position is high, and the joint is difficult to weld by conventional welding methods such as solid-phase welding and arc welding. The laser welding method has the characteristics of high energy density and high automation degree, and has unique advantages in the aspect of welding complex structures of difficult-to-weld metals such as aluminum alloy and the like. However, because the wall plate of the cooling box is extremely thin, the welding penetration defect can be caused when laser welding is used slightly, the stability of the welding process is greatly reduced, and the service performance of the whole component is influenced, which provides a severe test for the welding operation. Therefore, a welding method suitable for the new energy power battery cooling box is needed to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The following presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. It should be understood that this summary is not an exhaustive overview of the invention. It is not intended to determine the key or critical elements of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is discussed later.
In view of the above, the present invention provides a laser powder filling swing welding method for a new energy power battery cooling box, which utilizes a galvanometer scanning system to generate a laser beam with a specific swing amplitude and swing frequency, and is assisted with synchronous powder feeding during welding, so as to solve the defect that a battery cooling box wall plate is easy to be welded through, obtain a well-formed joint, and meet the actual production requirements.
The invention provides a laser powder filling swing welding method for a new energy power battery cooling box, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, cleaning an aluminum alloy structural part:
cleaning a welded aluminum alloy component before welding, and cleaning a weldment by adopting a mode of firstly washing with alkali, then washing with acid and then washing with water and drying;
step two, clamping the battery cooling box:
assembling an aluminum alloy structural member to form a battery cooling box, fixing the battery cooling box by using a special welding fixture, and adjusting a part needing welding to a position where a welding seam joint is positioned horizontally upwards;
step three, installing a powder feeding pipe:
fixing a powder feeding pipe at the front part of a laser provided with a galvanometer scanning system, keeping the two moving synchronously during welding, and then adjusting the powder feeding speed by controlling the powder feeder to ensure the amount of metal powder during welding;
step four, welding scheme:
adjusting the swing amplitude of the laser beam, the swing frequency of the laser beam, the output waveform of the laser, the output intensity of the laser, the power of the laser, the defocusing amount, the welding speed, the position of a laser spot and the numerical value of technological parameters of shielding gas, then opening a laser, welding along a weld joint and finishing the welding.
Further, in the fourth step, the adopted laser is a fiber laser with a galvanometer scanning system, and CO2A gas laser, a YAG solid laser, or a semiconductor laser.
Further, in the step one, the cleaning before welding the welded aluminum alloy member specifically comprises: scrubbing the surface of a structural part by using acetone or gasoline to remove oil stains, then washing the surface of the structural part by using 5-10% NaOH solution at 40-70 ℃ for 3-7 min in an alkali mode, then washing the surface by using flowing clear water, and then using 30% HNO at room temperature to 60 DEG C3Solution pickling 1min &Washing with flowing clear water for 3min, and air drying or low temperature drying.
Further, in the third step, the metal powder composition is selected according to the material composition of the welded structural part; the powder feeding rate is adjusted according to the welding speed and the unit output energy of the laser.
Furthermore, in the second step, the special welding fixture is an L-shaped fixture, a V-shaped groove is formed in a bottom plate of the L-shaped fixture, the battery cooling box is obliquely placed on the L-shaped fixture, and a bottom structural member of the battery cooling box is clamped in the V-shaped groove.
Further, in the fourth step, the specific process parameters are as follows: the laser beam swing frequency is 4Hz, the laser beam swing amplitude is 2mm, the laser power is 1000W, the defocusing amount is 0mm, and the welding speed is 0.5 m/min; the protective gas is pure Ar gas, the flow of the protective gas is 15L/min, and the protective gas and the laser beam form an angle of 45 degrees to perform side blowing protection on the welding seam.
Has the advantages that:
the invention uses the galvanometer scanning system to swing the laser beam to weld the joint, mainly considering that the thickness difference of the components at the two sides of the joint is larger. When a stable laser beam is used for welding, one side of the laser beam is often welded through, and the other side of the laser beam is not welded through. By controlling the galvanometer scanning system, the control of the laser output intensity, the laser beam swing frequency and the swing amplitude can be realized. In this way, in a swing period, when the laser beam swings to the thin wall of the abdomen structural member, the output intensity of the laser is weakened, and the laser beam is prevented from being welded through; and when the laser beam swings to the bottom structural member, the output intensity of the laser is enhanced, the penetration of the welding is ensured, and a joint is formed. In addition, in the aspect of filling mode selection, the main reason of adopting a powder feeding welding method instead of wire feeding welding is that the wire feeding is often unstable when wire feeding is adopted during welding, and when the welding wire has slight fluctuation, the problem that the thin wall is welded through is caused. Therefore, when powder feeding welding is adopted, the swinging laser beam directly acts on the metal powder instead of the workpiece, and the reflectivity of the metal powder to the laser is much smaller than that of the surface of the aluminum plate, so that the absorption of the workpiece to the laser energy is greatly increased, and the heat input efficiency is improved. The method successfully meets the requirements of increasing heat source input and reducing heat input precision, and can effectively avoid the problem that the thin wall of the belly structural member of the battery cooling box is welded through due to heat input fluctuation or accidental operation, thereby meeting the requirements of the structural member on performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cooling box of a new energy automobile;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an abdominal structure of a battery cooling box of the new energy automobile;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a bottom structural member of a battery cooling box of the new energy automobile;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the galvanometer scanning principle;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a laser powder filling welding method of a new energy power battery cooling box according to the invention;
fig. 6 is a real object diagram of the effect of the new energy power battery cooling box after laser powder filling welding.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the interest of clarity and conciseness, not all features of an actual implementation are described in the specification. It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the device structures and/or processing steps closely related to the solution according to the present invention are shown in the drawings, and other details not so relevant to the present invention are omitted.
Example (b):
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a new energy battery cooling box. The reference numeral 10 in the figure is the belly structure of the battery cooling box, typically of aluminium alloy material. As shown in fig. 2, the abdomen structural member is formed by a plurality of parallel vertical plates 11 and double wall plates 12. For heat dissipation, the vertical plates and the wall plates are thin and are only 0.4 mm. The marks 20 and 30 in fig. 1 are the upper bottom structural member and the lower bottom structural member of the battery cooling box respectively, and are also made of aluminum alloy materials, the mark 21 in fig. 1 is a liquid through hole, and the mark 22 in fig. 3 is a groove structure, so that the abdomen structural member is matched with the bottom structural member. The bottom structural member and the belly structural member only form a structure of a closed cooling box for supplying cooling liquid. Therefore, the invention designs a schematic diagram of a laser powder filling welding method of the new energy power battery cooling box shown in fig. 5. FIG. 40 shows a dedicated welding fixture for securing the battery cooling cartridge; FIG. 50 is a laser beam as a welding heat source; FIG. 60 shows a powder feed tube for delivering metal powder to a weld during welding; the illustration 70 is the weld profile after laser welding.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a galvanometer scanning system. The galvanometer scanning system mainly comprises a galvanometer and an f-theta mirror. The vibrating mirror is a special oscillating motor, the basic principle is that the electrified coil generates moment in the magnetic field, the rotor is added with reset moment by mechanical torsion spring or electronic method, the size of the reset moment is in direct proportion to the angle of the rotor deviating from the balance position, when the coil is electrified with certain current, the rotor deflects to a certain angle, and the deflection angle is in direct proportion to the current. With this system, swing welding of the laser beam can be achieved. The method has been widely used in actual production life, and the explanation is only for the understanding of non-professional persons.
The welding method for the new energy battery cooling box as shown in FIG. 5 is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: and (5) cleaning the structural part. Because the battery cooling box is an aluminum alloy product, the surface of the aluminum alloy has a thick oxide film (AL)2O3) And oil stains, and the cleaning quality directly affects the welding operation and the joint quality, so the cleaning before welding is needed. Is adopted hereA method for chemical cleaning. The concrete mode is as follows: scrubbing the surface with organic solvent such as acetone, gasoline and the like to remove oil stains, then washing with 5-10% NaOH solution at 40-70 ℃ for 3-7 min in alkali, washing with flowing clear water, and then washing with 30% HNO at room temperature of about 60 DEG C3Pickling the solution for 1-3 min, washing with flowing clear water, and finally air drying or low-temperature drying.
Step two: and (5) clamping the structural part. The belly structure (fig. 11) and the two bottom structures (fig. 12) of the battery cooling case are assembled together through the grooves (fig. 22) of the bottom structures, and then the battery cooling case is fixed with a specific and dedicated welding jig (fig. 40) and the welding seam is adjusted to a proper position.
Step three: fixing and designing the powder feeding pipe. The powder feeding pipe is fixed on the laser head, the synchronous movement of the powder feeding pipe and the laser head is kept, and the powder feeding speed is designed and adjusted through the powder feeder system so as to achieve the appropriate powder feeding amount. Based on the fact that the material of the battery cooling box is aluminum alloy, the metal powder based on gold and aluminum is selected for experimental tests.
Step four: and setting a welding process. Different welding process parameters greatly affect the quality of the joint, and a set of optimal welding parameters can be obtained through optimization based on equipment and conditions of the laboratory through a series of experiments, so that better welding quality and welding efficiency can be obtained, and the parameters are only used for reference. The specific process parameters are as follows: the laser beam swing frequency is 4Hz, the laser beam swing amplitude is 2mm, the laser power is 1000W, the defocusing amount is 0mm, and the welding speed is 0.5 m/min. The protective gas is pure Ar gas, the flow of the protective gas is 15L/min, and the protective gas and the laser beam form an angle of 45 degrees to perform side blowing protection on the welding seam. The laser beam welds along the joint against the joint seam line.
In this embodiment, a laser installed with a galvanometer scanning system is used to generate a swinging laser beam at the connecting portion between the abdominal structure and the bottom structure of the battery cooling box for powder filling welding. By controlling the galvanometer scanning system, the swing amplitude, swing frequency, output waveform, output intensity and the like of the laser beam can be controlled, so that when the laser beam swings to the thin wall on one side of the welding seam, the energy of the laser beam is weakened, and welding penetration is prevented. And when the laser beam swings to the other side of the welding seam, the energy of the laser beam is enhanced to form the welding seam. In addition, the joint is synchronously fed with powder during welding, and when a laser beam acts, the laser beam directly acts on the metal powder, so that on one hand, the absorption of the laser is promoted by the existence of the metal powder, and the energy absorption efficiency is increased; and the existence of the metal powder also plays the roles of buffering the laser beam and protecting the joint, thereby avoiding the problem of welding penetration caused by disturbance during welding of the thin wall of the abdominal structural member.
And as shown in fig. 6, by adopting the method of the invention, the power battery cooling box is welded by using the basic process parameters of the step four, the formation after welding is better, and welding defects such as holes are avoided. After welding, the pressure test is carried out, and no water leakage phenomenon is generated under 5 MPa. The quality meets the application requirements of the product. Therefore, the method is proved to be a reliable welding scheme through experiments.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the contents thereof are merely embodiments adopted to facilitate understanding of the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. It will be apparent to persons skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A laser powder filling swing welding method for a new energy power battery cooling box is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step one, cleaning an aluminum alloy structural part:
cleaning a welded aluminum alloy component before welding, and cleaning a weldment by adopting a mode of firstly washing with alkali, then washing with acid and then washing with water and drying;
step two, clamping the battery cooling box:
assembling an aluminum alloy structural member to form a battery cooling box, fixing the battery cooling box by using a special welding fixture, wherein the special welding fixture is an L-shaped fixture, a V-shaped groove is formed in a bottom plate of the L-shaped fixture, the battery cooling box is obliquely placed on the L-shaped fixture, the structural member at the bottom of the battery cooling box is clamped in the V-shaped groove, and a part needing to be welded is adjusted until a welding joint is positioned at a position which is horizontally upward;
step three, installing a powder feeding pipe:
fixing a powder feeding pipe at the front part of a laser provided with a galvanometer scanning system, keeping the two moving synchronously during welding, and then adjusting the powder feeding speed by controlling the powder feeder to ensure the amount of metal powder during welding;
step four, welding scheme:
adjusting the swing amplitude of the laser beam, the swing frequency of the laser beam, the output waveform of the laser, the output intensity of the laser, the laser power, the defocusing amount, the welding speed, the laser spot position and the numerical value of technological parameters of shielding gas, then opening the laser, welding along a weld joint, weakening the energy of the laser beam when the laser beam swings to the thin wall on one side of the weld joint, preventing welding penetration, and enhancing the energy of the laser beam when the laser beam swings to the other side of the weld joint to form the weld joint to finish welding.
2. The laser powder filling swing welding method for the new energy power battery cooling box according to claim 1, characterized in that in the fourth step, the adopted laser is a fiber laser with a galvanometer scanning system, and CO is adopted2A gas laser, a YAG solid laser, or a semiconductor laser.
3. The laser powder filling swing welding method for the new energy power battery cooling box according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the step one, the cleaning before welding of the welding aluminum alloy member specifically comprises: scrubbing the surface of a structural part by using acetone or gasoline to remove oil stains, then washing the surface of the structural part by using 5-10% NaOH solution at 40-70 ℃ for 3-7 min in an alkali mode, then washing the surface by using flowing clear water, and then using 30% HNO at room temperature to 60 DEG C3Pickling the solution for 1-3 min, washing with flowing clear water, and finally air drying or low-temperature drying.
4. The laser powder filling swing welding method for the new energy power battery cooling box according to claim 1, characterized in that in the third step, the metal powder composition is selected according to the material composition of the welded structure; the powder feeding rate is adjusted according to the welding speed and the unit output energy of the laser.
5. The laser powder filling swing welding method for the new energy power battery cooling box according to claim 4, characterized in that in the fourth step, specific process parameters are as follows: the laser beam swing frequency is 4Hz, the laser beam swing amplitude is 2mm, the laser power is 1000W, the defocusing amount is 0mm, and the welding speed is 0.5 m/min; the protective gas is pure Ar gas, the flow of the protective gas is 15L/min, and the protective gas and the laser beam form an angle of 45 degrees to perform side blowing protection on the welding seam.
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| CN112139667A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2020-12-29 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Ultrasonic-assisted swing laser welding method for hot stamping formed steel |
| CN114669865A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-28 | 哈尔滨工大焊接科技有限公司 | Vacuum swing laser welding method and system for plates with different thicknesses |
| CN114769361A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-22 | 同方江新造船有限公司 | Laser heat energy correction method applied to high-strength aluminum alloy material for ship |
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