CN114669865A - Vacuum swing laser welding method and system for plates with different thicknesses - Google Patents
Vacuum swing laser welding method and system for plates with different thicknesses Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/1224—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in vacuum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for laser welding of plates with different thicknesses by vacuum swing, wherein the method comprises the following steps: polishing and cleaning the surfaces of two sides of a to-be-welded unequal-thickness plate and determining the plate thickness difference; placing the unequal-thickness plate workpiece to be welded in a vacuum working chamber to form an unequal-thickness plate welding seam to be welded; vacuumizing the vacuum working chamber by a vacuumizing mechanism to reach the vacuum degree required by operation; setting welding process parameters, generating welding laser through a laser and a laser head, swinging the welding laser according to a preset path and frequency, changing the laser power in real time according to sine change in the swinging process, realizing low-power variable-power vacuum swinging laser on a high-power thin plate side at a thick plate side, and controlling a workbench to move along the main direction of a welding seam track to perform welding operation; the problems that the weld penetration of the unequal-thickness plate in the traditional laser welding is shallow, the weld is formed poorly, heat cracks are easily generated, air holes are more, metal elements are easily burnt and damaged, and the quality of a welded joint is seriously affected can be solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser welding, and particularly relates to a method and a system for vacuum swing laser welding of plates with different thicknesses.
Background
The unequal-thickness tailor-welded blank has the characteristics of reducing the production flow of parts, realizing the weight reduction of the parts, realizing the optimized configuration of material performance and the like, so the unequal-thickness tailor-welded blank is applied to the aviation industry to a certain extent, and the lightweight aviation material also enables the unequal-thickness tailor-welded blank to become an important development direction. According to the requirement of the aviation parts on material performance, plates with different thicknesses are welded to form tailor-welded blanks with different thicknesses, and then the tailor-welded blanks are prepared into corresponding aviation parts through working procedures such as stamping and the like.
At present, the unequal-thickness tailor-welding is produced by adopting the traditional laser welding mode, and the unequal-thickness tailor-welding has a plurality of problems during welding: (1) the weld penetration of the traditional laser formed under low power and standard atmospheric pressure is shallow, the transition is not smooth, and the welding quality is poor; (2) materials such as aluminum alloy have large solidification shrinkage rate, are easy to generate thermal cracks, have strong hydrogen absorption capacity in a liquid state, and have rapidly reduced solubility of hydrogen in aluminum in the solidification process, so that a large amount of hydrogen is separated out and remains in a welding line to form a large amount of air holes when the hydrogen cannot escape in time; (3) element burning loss exists in the traditional laser welding process of part of nonferrous metals, so that the strength of a welding seam is reduced; the problems of unsmooth weld joint transition, hot cracks, air holes, element burning loss and the like can cause weld joint weakening, and the quality of a welded joint is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements in the prior art, the invention provides a vacuum swing laser welding method and a vacuum swing laser welding system for plates with different thicknesses, wherein a vacuumizing control unit controls a vacuumizing mechanism to vacuumize a vacuum working cabin, welding process parameters are set, so that welding laser generated by a laser and a laser head connected with the laser swings according to a preset path and frequency, the laser power is changed in real time according to sine rules in the swinging process, the variable-power vacuum swing laser with high power at the thick plate side and low power at the thin plate side is realized, and meanwhile, a working platform is controlled to move along the main direction of a welding seam track to perform welding operation; the method is efficient and quick, and can obtain a welding joint with good weld joint forming and qualified quality; by welding in a vacuum environment, the penetration of a welding line can be effectively increased; the laser welding in the vacuum environment can effectively avoid the periodic expansion and contraction phenomena of the keyhole in the atmospheric environment, the fluctuation range of the rear wall of the keyhole is small under the low-vacuum condition, the stability is improved, and the keyhole collapse is seldom caused; under low vacuum conditions, the molten pool has surface tension driven flow and flow upwards along the back wall of the keyhole; the flowing mode is favorable for the escape of bubbles in the molten pool, and air holes are not easy to form in the welding joint; the swing laser can form a smoothly-transitional welding line and has a certain stirring effect on a molten pool, so that the escape of air holes is facilitated, the flow of the molten pool is enhanced, the temperature of the molten pool is lowered, and the burning loss of alloy elements is reduced; the problems that the weld penetration depth of a weld formed by the traditional laser under low-power and standard atmospheric pressure is shallow, the transition is not smooth, thermal cracks are easy to generate, a large number of air holes are easy to form in the weld, metal elements are easy to burn, the weld strength is reduced, and the quality of a welded joint is seriously influenced can be solved.
In order to achieve the above object, one aspect of the present invention provides a method for laser welding of unequal-thickness plate materials by vacuum oscillation, comprising the steps of:
s1: polishing and cleaning the surfaces of two sides of a to-be-welded unequal-thickness plate workpiece and determining the plate thickness difference of the to-be-welded unequal-thickness plate workpiece;
s2: placing a plate workpiece to be welded with unequal thickness on a workbench in a vacuum working cabin to form a welding seam of the plate to be welded with unequal thickness;
s3: the vacuum pumping mechanism is used for carrying out vacuum pumping operation on the vacuum working cabin to ensure that the vacuum working cabin reaches the vacuum degree required by the operation;
s4: setting welding process parameters to enable the swing amplitude to be 0.8-1.2 times of plate thickness difference, setting the initial laser power to be 4-6K W, and setting the initial welding speed to be 3-5 m/min; the laser and the laser head connected with the laser generate welding laser, the welding laser swings according to a preset path and frequency, the laser power is changed in real time according to sine rule change in the swinging process, variable-power vacuum swinging laser with high power at the thick plate side and low power at the thin plate side is realized, and meanwhile, the workbench is controlled to move along the main direction of a welding seam track to perform welding operation.
Further, the welding process parameters in the step S4 include the defocusing amount of the laser being-5 mm, the laser power being 1 kW-10 kW, the welding speed being 0.2-8.0 m/min, the swing amplitude being 0-4 mm, and the swing frequency being 50-200 Hz.
Further, step S4 includes controlling the welding laser to move along the track of the welding seam of the to-be-welded unequal-thickness plate through a control program if there is a welding deviation in the welding seam of the to-be-welded unequal-thickness plate, so as to compensate the welding deviation in the positive and negative directions.
Further, the vacuum degree in step 3 is 10-2～1kPa。
Further, the center of the preset path is located on a center line of the welding seam of the to-be-welded unequal-thickness plates.
Further, the step 1 further comprises the steps of polishing the workpiece to be welded with the unequal-thickness plates by using a polishing machine to remove surface oxide scales, and wiping the surface of the workpiece to be welded with the unequal-thickness plates by using industrial silk dipped with acetone to remove oil stains on the surface.
The invention provides a vacuum swing laser welding system for plates with different thicknesses, which comprises a laser, a laser head connected with the output end of the laser, a vacuum working chamber arranged at the output end of the laser head, a workbench arranged in the vacuum working chamber, a vacuumizing machine connected with the vacuum working chamber, a vacuumizing control unit connected with the vacuumizing machine and a workbench control unit connected with the workbench, wherein the vacuumizing machine is arranged at the output end of the laser head;
through the control of the vacuumizing control unit, the vacuumizing mechanism is right the vacuum working cabin is vacuumized, and through setting up welding process parameters, the defocusing amount of the laser is-5 mm, the laser power is 1 kW-10 kW, the welding speed is 0.2-8.0 m/min, the swing amplitude is 0-4 mm, the swing frequency is 50-200 Hz, and then the laser device and the welding laser connected with the laser head swing according to the preset path and frequency, the laser power is changed in real time according to sine law change in the swing process, the high power on the side of a thick plate is realized, the low-power variable-power vacuum swing laser on the side of the thin plate, and the working table is controlled to move along the main direction of a welding seam track to carry out welding operation.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the method and the system for the vacuum swing laser welding of the unequal-thickness plates, a vacuumizing mechanism is controlled by a vacuumizing control unit to vacuumize a vacuum working cabin, welding process parameters are set, welding laser generated by a laser and a laser head connected with the laser swings according to a preset path and frequency, the laser power is changed in real time according to sine changes in the swinging process, variable-power vacuum swinging laser with high power at the thick plate side and low power at the thin plate side is realized, and meanwhile, a working platform is controlled to move along the main direction of a welding seam track to perform welding operation; the method is efficient and quick, and can obtain a welding joint with good weld joint forming and qualified quality; the problems that the weld penetration depth of a weld formed by the traditional laser under low-power and standard atmospheric pressure is shallow, the transition is not smooth, thermal cracks are easy to generate, a large number of air holes are easy to form in the weld, metal elements are easy to burn, the weld strength is reduced, and the quality of a welded joint is seriously influenced can be solved.
(2) According to the method and the system for the vacuum swing laser welding of the unequal-thickness plates, the welding depth of the welding line can be effectively increased by welding in a vacuum environment; the laser welding in the vacuum environment can effectively avoid the phenomena of periodic expansion and contraction of the keyhole in the atmospheric environment, the fluctuation range of the rear wall of the keyhole is small under the low-vacuum condition, the stability is improved, and the keyhole collapse is rarely caused; under low vacuum conditions, the molten pool has surface tension driven flow and flow up the back wall of the keyhole; this flow pattern facilitates the escape of bubbles within the molten bath and does not tend to form voids in the weld joint.
(3) According to the vacuum swing laser welding method and system for the plates with different thicknesses, swing laser can form a smoothly-transitional welding seam, and has a certain stirring effect on a molten pool, so that the escape of air holes is facilitated, the flowing of the molten pool is enhanced, the temperature of the molten pool is lowered, and the burning loss of alloy elements is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a vacuum swing laser welding system for plates with different thicknesses according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a laser welding system for vacuum swing laser welding of plates with different thicknesses according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a swing laser welding trajectory of a vacuum swing laser welding system for panels of different thicknesses according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a welding seam of a plate with different thicknesses welded by using a swing laser in an atmospheric environment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a weld joint of a plate with different thicknesses subjected to laser non-swing welding in a vacuum environment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a weld joint of a plate with different thicknesses welded under a vacuum swing laser welding condition;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between laser swing power changes in welding of different-thickness plates under a vacuum swing laser welding condition;
fig. 8 is a schematic flow chart of a vacuum swing laser welding method for plates with different thicknesses according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In all the figures, the same reference numerals denote the same features, in particular: the device comprises a laser 1, a laser 2, a laser head 3, a vacuum working cabin 4, a vacuum extractor 5, a water cooling circulation mechanism 6, a worktable control unit 7, a vacuum extraction control unit 8, a worktable 9, a plate workpiece with different thicknesses 91, a first welding part 92, a second welding part 10, an air hole defect 11 and an undercut defect 11.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, when an element is referred to as being "fixed to", "disposed on" or "provided on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element; the terms "mounted," "connected," and "provided" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
As shown in fig. 1-3, one aspect of the present invention provides a vacuum swing laser welding system for plates with different thicknesses, which includes a laser 1, a laser head 2 connected to an output end of the laser 1, a vacuum chamber 3 disposed at an output end of the laser head 2, a worktable 8 disposed in the vacuum chamber 3, a vacuumizer 4 connected to the vacuum chamber 3, a vacuuming control unit 7 connected to the vacuumizer 4, and a worktable control unit 6 connected to the worktable 8; before welding, polishing and cleaning the surfaces of two sides of a plate workpiece 9 with different thicknesses to be welded; placing a welding workpiece 9 of the plate to be welded with different thicknesses in the vacuum working chamber 3 to form a welding seam of the plate to be welded with different thicknesses; the plate workpiece 9 to be welded with unequal thickness comprises a first welding part 91 and a second welding part 92 with unequal thickness; the vacuumizing mechanism 4 is used for vacuumizing the vacuum cabin through the vacuumizing control unit 7, so that the vacuum cabin reaches the required vacuum degree, and a welding environment atmosphere with a certain vacuum degree is created; starting a water-cooling circulation mechanism 5, setting welding process parameters, wherein the defocusing amount of laser is-5 mm, the laser power is 1 kW-10 kW, the welding speed is 0.2-8.0 m/min, the swing amplitude is 0-4 mm, the swing frequency is 50-200 Hz, welding laser is generated through a laser 1 and a laser head 2 connected with the laser 1, the welding laser swings according to a preset path and frequency, high-energy-density output is realized on the thick plate side, and low-energy-density output is realized on the thin plate side; meanwhile, the worktable 8 is controlled by the platform control unit 6 to move along the main direction of the welding seam track, so as to carry out vacuum swing laser welding on the plate workpieces with different thicknesses to be welded; the invention can solve the problems that the weld penetration depth is shallow, the transition is not smooth, thermal cracks are easy to generate, a large number of air holes are easy to form in the weld, metal elements are easy to burn, the weld strength is reduced, and the quality of a welding joint is seriously influenced when the traditional laser is used under low power and standard atmospheric pressure.
As shown in fig. 4-8, another aspect of the present invention provides a method for laser welding unequal-thickness plate materials by vacuum oscillation, comprising the following steps:
s1: before welding, polishing and cleaning the surfaces of two sides of a to-be-welded unequal-thickness plate workpiece and determining the plate thickness difference of the to-be-welded unequal-thickness plate workpiece; in the embodiment of the invention, a workpiece to be welded with an unequal-thickness plate is a 6061 aluminum alloy plate, the thicknesses of the workpiece are respectively 4mm and 6mm, specifically, the workpiece to be welded with the unequal-thickness plate is polished by a polisher to remove surface oxide scales, and industrial silk is dipped in acetone to wipe the surface of the aluminum alloy to remove surface oil stains;
s2: placing a plate workpiece to be welded with unequal thickness on a workbench in a vacuum working cabin to form a welding seam of the plate to be welded with unequal thickness;
s3: the vacuumizing mechanism of the vacuumizing control unit is used for vacuumizing the vacuum working chamber to reach the required vacuum degree of 10-2～1kPa；
S4: starting a water-cooling circulation mechanism 5, setting welding process parameters, wherein the defocusing amount of laser is-5 mm, the laser power is 1 kW-10 kW, the welding speed is 0.2-8.0 m/min, the swing amplitude is 0-4 mm, and the swing frequency is 50-200 Hz, specifically, the swing amplitude is 0.8-1.2 times of plate thickness difference, the basic laser power is 4-6K W, and the initial welding speed is 3-5 m/min; the laser device 1 and the laser head 2 connected with the laser device 1 generate welding laser, the welding laser swings according to a preset path and frequency, laser power is changed in real time according to sine rule change in the swinging process, high power on the side of a thick plate and low power on the side of a thin plate are achieved, and meanwhile, the workbench 8 is controlled by the platform control unit 6 to move along the main direction of a welding seam track to perform welding operation.
Further, the center of the preset path in the step S4 is located on the center line of the weld joint of the to-be-welded unequal-thickness plates; and if the welding seam of the plate with different thicknesses to be welded has welding deviation, controlling the welding laser to move along the welding seam track of the plate with different thicknesses to be welded through a control program so as to compensate the welding seam deviation in the positive and negative directions.
The method of the invention is also suitable for welding other metal and non-metal materials; to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention, it is specifically illustrated by one of the following examples and 2 comparative examples:
example 1:
taking the aluminum alloy with the plate thickness of 4mm and 6mm as an example, the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: before welding, polishing a plate workpiece to be welded with unequal thicknesses by using a polisher to remove surface oxide skin, and dipping industrial silk into acetone to wipe the surface of the aluminum alloy to remove surface oil stains;
step two: placing an aluminum alloy welding workpiece to be welded with different thicknesses in a vacuum working cabin to form a welding seam of a plate to be welded with different thicknesses;
step three: vacuumizing the vacuum chamber to enable the environmental pressure to reach 1 Kpa;
step four: setting welding process parameters, wherein the defocusing amount of laser is 5mm, the laser power is 3kW, the welding speed is 0.5m/min, the swing amplitude is 3mm, and the swing frequency is 60Hz, the welding laser swings according to a preset path and frequency, the laser power is changed in real time according to sine rule change in the swing process, the variable-power vacuum swing laser with high power at the thick plate side and low power at the thin plate side is realized, and meanwhile, the workbench moves along the main direction of a welding seam track to weld materials to be welded.
Comparative example 1: taking the aluminum alloy with the plate thickness of 4mm and 6mm as an example, the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: before welding, polishing a plate workpiece to be welded with unequal thicknesses by using a polisher to remove surface oxide skin, and dipping industrial silk into acetone to wipe the surface of the aluminum alloy to remove surface oil stains;
step two: placing an aluminum alloy welding workpiece to be welded with unequal thicknesses on a working table surface in an atmospheric environment to form a welding seam of a plate to be welded with unequal thicknesses;
step three: setting welding process parameters, wherein the defocusing amount of laser is 5mm, the laser power is 3kW, the welding speed is 0.5m/min, the swing amplitude is 3mm, and the swing frequency is 60Hz, wherein the welding laser swings according to a preset path and frequency, high-energy-density output is performed on the thick plate side, low-energy-density output is performed on the thin plate side, and meanwhile, the workbench moves along the main direction of a welding seam track to weld the materials to be welded. As shown in fig. 4, welding using a weaving laser in an atmospheric environment generates a pinhole defect 10, which is mainly hydrogen holes caused by moisture in the air.
Comparative example 2: taking the aluminum alloy with the plate thickness of 4mm and 6mm as an example, the method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: before welding, polishing a plate workpiece to be welded with unequal thicknesses by using a polisher to remove surface oxide skin, and dipping industrial silk into acetone to wipe the surface of the aluminum alloy to remove surface oil stains;
step two: placing an aluminum alloy welding workpiece to be welded with different thicknesses in a vacuum working cabin to form a welding seam of a plate to be welded with different thicknesses;
step three: vacuumizing the vacuum chamber to enable the environmental pressure to reach 1 Kpa;
step four: setting welding process parameters, wherein the defocusing amount of laser is 5mm, the laser power is 3kW, the welding speed is 0.5m/min, and the welding laser is used for welding the materials to be welded according to a straight path. As shown in fig. 5, when laser welding is performed in a vacuum environment, the laser does not swing, a small amount of process voids occur, and undercut defects 11 may occur.
As shown in fig. 7, if the welding laser oscillation frequency is set to f Hz, the oscillation period T is set to 1/f s, the peak power at the thick plate is set to P1, the peak power at the thin plate is set to P2, the time node at which the peak power is reached is nT/4(n is an odd number), and the power varies in a sinusoidal manner. Therefore, the effects of high power output at the thick plate and low power output at the thin plate can be realized, and a well-formed welding seam can be obtained. Meanwhile, as shown in fig. 6, under the vacuum swing laser welding condition, welding defects such as blowholes and undercut do not occur in the weld. Therefore, the swing laser can enhance the fluidity of the molten pool, is beneficial to the escape of air holes, and can homogenize heat input at the same time to obtain a welding joint with excellent performance. The vacuum condition is favorable for improving the stability of the welding process, no moisture exists in the atmospheric environment, and the generation of air holes can be reduced.
The comparison shows that the swing laser welding is more stable in the vacuum environment than in the atmospheric environment, and can reduce the generation of air holes; in the vacuum environment, compared with the non-swing laser welding, the swing laser welding can stir the molten pool, which is beneficial to reducing the temperature of the molten pool and the burning loss of metal elements, and simultaneously is also beneficial to the escape of air holes, and can further reduce the welding defects.
The invention provides a vacuum swing laser welding system and method for plates with different thicknesses, which have the working principle that: the vacuum-pumping control unit controls the vacuum-pumping mechanism to carry out vacuum-pumping operation on the vacuum working cabin, welding process parameters are set, welding laser generated by a laser and a laser head connected with the laser swings according to a preset path and frequency, the laser power is changed in real time according to sine rule change in the swinging process, variable-power vacuum swinging laser with high power at the thick plate side and low power at the thin plate side is realized, and meanwhile, the worktable is controlled to move along the main direction of a welding seam track to carry out welding operation, so that the method is efficient and rapid, and a welding joint with good welding seam forming and qualified quality can be obtained; by welding in a vacuum environment, the penetration of a welding line can be effectively increased; the laser welding in the vacuum environment can effectively avoid the periodic expansion and contraction phenomena of the keyhole in the atmospheric environment, the fluctuation range of the rear wall of the keyhole is small under the low-vacuum condition, the stability is improved, and the keyhole collapse is seldom caused; under low vacuum conditions, the molten pool has surface tension driven flow and flow upwards along the back wall of the keyhole; the flowing mode is favorable for the escape of bubbles in the molten pool, and air holes are not easy to form in the welding joint; the swing laser can form a welding seam with smooth transition, and has a certain stirring effect on a molten pool, so that the escape of air holes is facilitated, the flow of the molten pool is enhanced, the temperature of the molten pool is lowered, and the burning loss of alloy elements is reduced; the problems that the weld penetration depth of a weld formed by the traditional laser under low-power and standard atmospheric pressure is shallow, the transition is not smooth, thermal cracks are easy to generate, a large number of air holes are easy to form in the weld, metal elements are easy to burn, the weld strength is reduced, and the quality of a welded joint is seriously influenced can be solved.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, since various modifications, substitutions and improvements within the spirit and scope of the invention are possible and within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method for laser welding of plates with different thicknesses by vacuum swing is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: polishing and cleaning the surfaces of two sides of a to-be-welded unequal-thickness plate workpiece and determining the plate thickness difference of the to-be-welded unequal-thickness plate workpiece;
s2: placing a plate workpiece to be welded with unequal thickness on a workbench in a vacuum working cabin to form a welding seam of the plate to be welded with unequal thickness;
s3: the vacuum pumping mechanism is used for carrying out vacuum pumping operation on the vacuum working cabin to ensure that the vacuum working cabin reaches the vacuum degree required by the operation;
s4: setting welding process parameters to enable the swing amplitude to be 0.8-1.2 times of plate thickness difference, setting the initial laser power to be 4-6 KW and the initial welding speed to be 3-5 m/min; the laser and the laser head connected with the laser generate welding laser, the welding laser swings according to a preset path and frequency, the laser power is changed in real time according to sine rule change in the swinging process, variable-power vacuum swinging laser with high power at the thick plate side and low power at the thin plate side is realized, and meanwhile, the workbench is controlled to move along the main direction of a welding seam track to perform welding operation.
2. The vacuum oscillating laser welding method for plates with different thicknesses as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the welding process parameters in the step S4 include the defocusing amount of the laser being-5 mm, the laser power being 1 kW-10 kW, the welding speed being 0.2-8.0 m/min, the swing amplitude being 0-4 mm, and the swing frequency being 50-200 Hz.
3. The vacuum oscillating laser welding method for plates with different thicknesses as claimed in claim 2, wherein: step 4, if there is welding deviation in the welding seam of the to-be-welded unequal-thickness plate, controlling the welding laser to move along the welding seam track of the to-be-welded unequal-thickness plate through a control program so as to compensate the welding seam deviation in the positive and negative directions.
4. The vacuum oscillation laser welding method for unequal-thickness plates according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the vacuum degree in the step 3 is 10-2～1kPa。
5. The vacuum oscillation laser welding method of a unequal-thickness plate according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the center of the preset path is positioned on the central line of the welding seam of the plates to be welded with different thicknesses.
6. The vacuum oscillation laser welding method of a unequal-thickness plate according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the step 1 also comprises the steps of polishing the workpiece to be welded with the unequal-thickness plate by using a polisher to remove surface oxide skin, and dipping the industrial silk in acetone to wipe the surface of the workpiece to be welded with the unequal-thickness plate to remove surface oil stains.
7. A vacuum swing laser welding system for unequal-thickness plates is used for realizing the vacuum swing laser welding method for unequal-thickness plates as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, and comprises a laser (1), a laser head (2) connected with the output end of the laser (1), a vacuum working chamber (3) arranged at the output end of the laser head (2), a workbench (8) arranged in the vacuum working chamber (3), a vacuumizing machine (4) connected with the vacuum working chamber (3), a vacuumizing control unit (7) connected with the vacuumizing machine (4) and a workbench control unit (6) connected with the workbench (8);
through evacuation the control unit (7) control evacuation mechanism (4) are right vacuum work cabin (3) carry out the evacuation operation, through setting up welding process parameter, make the defocusing volume of laser be-5 ~ 5mm, laser power is 1kW ~ 10kW, and welding speed is 0.2 ~ 8.0m/min, and amplitude of oscillation is 0 ~ 4mm, and the frequency of oscillation is 50 ~ 200Hz, and then makes and pass through laser instrument (1) and link to each other with it the welding laser that laser head (2) produced swings according to presetting route, frequency, passes through simultaneously platform control unit (6) control workstation (8) are removed along the main direction of welding seam orbit, and then treat that welding inequality thick plate work piece (9) carry out vacuum swing laser welding.
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| CN202210305394.6A CN114669865A (en) | 2022-03-25 | 2022-03-25 | Vacuum swing laser welding method and system for plates with different thicknesses |
| JP2022199252A JP7302772B1 (en) | 2022-03-25 | 2022-12-14 | Vacuum oscillating laser welding method and system for unequal thickness plates |
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