CN107775194A - A kind of laser gain material manufacture extension and electron beam welding composite connecting method - Google Patents
A kind of laser gain material manufacture extension and electron beam welding composite connecting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107775194A CN107775194A CN201710958338.1A CN201710958338A CN107775194A CN 107775194 A CN107775194 A CN 107775194A CN 201710958338 A CN201710958338 A CN 201710958338A CN 107775194 A CN107775194 A CN 107775194A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
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- Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of laser gain material manufacture extension and electron beam welding composite connecting method, are section thickness H ＜ electron beam welding maximum heights HmaxMother metal connector between connected by laser gain material manufacturing district with groove electron beam welding area, at least one of described mother metal connector is forging, rolled parts or casting.The advantage of the invention is that excellent rapid solidification structure can be obtained in increasing material manufacturing region, make the heat affected area very little after welding, so as to obtain the metal connecting piece of excellent in mechanical performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of laser gain material manufacture extension and electron beam welding composite connecting method, and in particular to a kind of
Laser gain material manufacture extension and the electron beam welding composite connecting method of thin-sheet metal component.
Background technology
In the manufacturing fast development process of present generation aircraft, titanium alloy is because its density is low, specific strength is high, corrosion resistance
Can the series of advantages such as excellent, the important feature material in being manufactured as Advanced Aircraft, occupy special status.In recent years
With the continuous expansion of application, the development in Field of Aviation Manufacturing is extremely rapid, and the thing followed is to its process technology
Development, in current many important manufacturing technology problems, it is necessary to could be solved using welding technique, and joint can be each
Worked under the conditions of kind.Therefore, the development of welding technique, innovate and be gradually improved, provide skill for the structure design of Advanced Aircraft
Art guarantee, the manufacture technology scheme to realizing present generation aircraft play huge impetus.
Electron beam welding (Electron beam welding, EBW) is to utilize electronics caused by cathode in electron gun
It is drawn out under high pressure (25-300kV) accelerating field effect of negative and positive interpolar, and accelerates to (0.3-0.7 times of very high speed
The light velocity), after one-level or two level magnetic lenses focus on, intensive high-speed electron flow is formed, when it is impinged upon at workpiece joint,
Its kinetic energy is converted to heat energy, material is melted rapidly and reaches the purpose of welding.Compared with the conventional soldering techniques such as arc welding,
Electron beam welding technology has high energy density, penetration height, weld seam is narrow, depth-to-width ratio is big, weld heat-affected zone is small, Welder
Skill parameter easily accurately controls, is easily controllable, can weld the advantages that infusibility and dissimilar metal and repeatability and stability are good,
So as to industrially be widely used.In recent years, electron beam welding technology develops rapidly, in part manufacture and complexity
Part processing etc. all shows the superiority of uniqueness.But part to be undergone in electron beam welding process heating,
The a series of complex processes such as fusing, chemical reaction, crystallization, cooling, solid-state phase changes, these processes temperature, chemical composition and
Occur under the extremely unbalanced state of stress, it will generation thermal expansion, thermal contraction, residual deformation change in equal volume, weld metal zone tissue
Also can be affected therewith.And the mechanical property of titanium alloy organizes dependence very big to it, such as rolled for thin-sheet metal
Part or forging, it can make residual stress and more dislocation, crackle, segregation be present in material in rolling process or conducting forging processing
The defects of, generally in energy higher state, then by Thermal Cycle, weld seam is nearby easy to that forming core, knot occurs material
Crystalline substance, cause weld seam and the rolled parts close to weld seam or the change of forging regional organization, and caused by this forming core again
Grain structure is still within metastable state, can further change during heat treatment or long-term use from now on, so as to
Materials'use performance is influenceed, increase forms cold crack and delayed crack tendency, increases to notch sensitivity, using joint
Brittle break is produced in lifetime.Therefore, it is significant to improve application and development of the welding procedure to titanium alloy material.
Laser gain material manufacturing technology (Laser additive manufacturing, LAM) has used for reference rapid prototyping technology
The principle of " discrete+accumulation ", under the guidance of part C AD three-dimensional entity model slice of datas, melted by high power laser light same
Walk the metal dust of conveying and in substrate surface melt portions material, both are mixed to form molten bath, molten bath after laser beam is inswept
Quick solidification occurs, so as to be deposited on solidification substrate, is successively accumulated with this, finally gives 3 d part.The technology can be real
Existing large and complex structure densified metal component it is quick, without mould near-net-shape.If can be by laser gain material manufacture and electron beam
Both are appropriate compound for welding, make the heat affected area very little after welding, can necessarily obtain the metal connection structure of excellent in mechanical performance
Part.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions, a kind of laser gain material manufacture extension and electron beam welding
Composite connecting method, section thickness H ＜ electron beam welding maximum heights HmaxMother metal connector between pass through laser gain material system
Make area to connect with groove electron beam welding area, at least one of described mother metal connector is forging, rolled parts or casting.
Further, when mother metal is titanium alloy, electron beam welding maximum height HmaxFor 50mm.
Further, the composite connecting method, comprises the following steps：
First, under inert gas shielding atmosphere, laser gain material system is carried out to its inner surface using mother metal connector as base material
Processing is made, if one of mother metal is laser gain material product, without carrying out further increasing material processing；
Secondly, retaining wall on slope is carried out to laser gain material connector, obtains the part of fluting；
Again, the part of cross-notching is cleaned, dried；
Finally, vacuumizing makes the welding chamber pressure be maintained at 9 × 10-2Below Pa, it will clean, the part after drying carries out electronics
Beam welds, and produces weldment.
Further, the composite connecting method, comprises the following steps：
First, retaining wall on slope is carried out to mother metal connector, obtains the mother metal of fluting；
Secondly, the mother metal of cross-notching is cleaned, dried；
Again, under inert gas shielding atmosphere, using at the fluting mother metal connector groove for cleaning, drying as base material pair
Its inner surface carries out laser gain material manufacture processing, then manufactures deposition layer surface to laser gain material again and is cleaned, dried, if
One of mother metal is laser gain material product, then without carrying out further increasing material processing；
Finally, vacuumizing makes the welding chamber pressure be maintained at 9 × 10-2Below Pa, it will clean, the laser gain material after drying manufactures
The mother metal of processing carries out electron beam welding, produces weldment.
Further, the retaining wall on slope is first to design groove size in mother metal side, then Wire EDM, finally
Grinding machine or milling machine processing obtain glossy surface.
Further, the principle of the design groove is that groove side and surface are processed into angle α, angle α value root
Chosen according to actual demand, removal partial width is that L, H and L have following relation：
Further, it is obvious dirty to be that the cleaning of first water removes for the cleaning, and then acetone cleaning removes oil stain, finally go from
Sub- water cleaning.
Further, the inert gas is argon gas, and protects intracavitary oxygen content to be less than 80ppm；The laser gain material manufacture
Technological parameter be 4~6kw of laser power, 500~1500mm/min of sweep speed, 15~25g/min of powder feeding rate；It is described
Deposit thickness δ is 2~5mm.
Further, the formal electronic beam welding condition is to keep operating distance L=150mm, focus current I
=475mA, accelerating potential U=85kV, sweep speed 250mm/min, welding line are 140mA.
Further, in order to prevent sheet material cracking in electron beam welding process, before electron beam welding, mother metal is connected
Part carries out spot welding after being stitched together；In order to prevent the excessive generation of line from staying, 10 ± 0.5mm of total thickness in mother metal underlay
Titanium plate.
The advantage of the invention is that first pass through laser gain material manufacture extension and then carry out electron beam welding composite joint
Mother metal, excellent rapid solidification structure can be obtained in increasing material manufacturing region, make the heat affected area very little after welding, so as to obtain power
Learn the mother metal connector of excellent performance.
Brief description of the drawings
By reading the detailed description of hereafter preferred embodiment, it is various other the advantages of and benefit it is general for this area
Logical technical staff will be clear understanding.Accompanying drawing is only used for showing the purpose of preferred embodiment, and is not considered as to this hair
Bright limitation.And in whole accompanying drawing, identical part is denoted by the same reference numerals.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is laser gain material product and rolled parts electro-beam welding joint metallograph.In figure, 1- laser gain material products, 2-
Rolled parts, 3- weld seams.
Fig. 2 is laser gain material product and forging electro-beam welding joint macrograph.In figure, 1- laser gain material products, 4- forgings
Part, 3- weld seams, 5- titanium plates.
Fig. 3 Composite Joining Technique operating method schematic diagrames between forging and rolled parts.(a) is forging and rolled parts in figure
Coupling part carried out respectively laser gain material manufacture extension；(b) extension is manufactured for the laser gain material of forging and rolled parts
It is processed groove；(c) electron beam welding.
Fig. 4 Composite Joining Technique method of operation in operation schematic diagrames between forging, rolled parts.
Fig. 5 Composite Joining Technique operation charts between forging or rolled parts and laser gain material product.
Fig. 6 is electron beam welding figure of the present invention.
Embodiment
The illustrative embodiments of the disclosure are more fully described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although this is shown in accompanying drawing
Disclosed illustrative embodiments, it being understood, however, that can realize the disclosure without the reality that should be illustrated here in a variety of manners
The mode of applying is limited.Conversely, there is provided these embodiments are to be able to be best understood from the disclosure, and can be by this
Scope of disclosure is completely communicated to those skilled in the art.
Embodiment 1
A kind of laser gain material manufacture extension between thin plate titanium alloy forging, rolled parts and casting is compound with electron beam welding
Connection method, such as Fig. 3, including following operating procedure：
First, under argon atmosphere, titanium alloy forging, rolled parts, casting using section thickness H as 40mm connect
Part is that base material carries out laser gain material manufacture processing to its inner surface, and such as Fig. 3 (a), protection intracavitary oxygen content is 30ppm, using mesh
Preceding more ripe technological parameter：Laser power 5kw, sweep speed 1000mm/min, powder feeding rate 20g/min, gained deposition
Thickness degree δ should ensure that groove is processed through next step and remove partial width after L, remainder minimum thickness, i.e. (δ-L), to be more than
The sedimentary (about 2~5mm) of titanium alloy heat affected area thickness；
Secondly, retaining wall on slope is carried out to laser gain material connector, obtains the part of fluting；Slope is processed according to accessory size
Mouthful, the gap between two components of left and right in figure is exaggerated for convenience of description, such as Fig. 3 (b), first basis is actually needed
Groove size is designed in the part both sides that section thickness H is 40mm, then Wire EDM, last milling machine processing obtains light
The design principle on bright surface, wherein groove is as follows：By groove side and Surface Machining into angle α, α takes 45 °, and it is wide to remove part
Spend for L, then H and L has following relation：
Calculate and remove partial width L=40mm；
Again, the part of cross-notching enters water-filling cleaning and removes obvious dirty, and then acetone cleaning removes oil stain, goes afterwards
Ionized water cleans, and finally dries；
Finally, electron beam welding is carried out, in order to prevent that sheet material is ftractureed in electron beam welding process, and two pieces of mother metals are spliced
Carry out spot welding reinforcing afterwards together, in order to prevent the excessive generation of line from staying, the total thickness 10mm titanium plate in motherboard material underlay,
As shown in fig. 6, before welding, operating distance L=150mm is kept, focus current I=475mA, accelerating potential U=85kV, is swept
Speed 250mm/min is retouched, vacuumizing makes the welding chamber pressure be maintained at 9 × 10-2Below Pa, welding line successively select 140mA, entered
Row electron beam welding is tested, and weldment is obtained, such as Fig. 3 (c).
Embodiment 2
A kind of laser gain material manufacture extension between thin plate titanium alloy forging, rolled parts and casting is compound with electron beam welding
Connection method, such as Fig. 4, including following operating procedure：
First, the mother metal connector that pair cross-section thickness H is 30mm carries out retaining wall on slope, the mother metal of fluting is obtained, in order to just
In illustrating the gap between two components of left and right in figure being exaggerated, such as Fig. 4 (a), first basis is actually needed in section thickness
Groove size is designed in the part both sides that H is 30mm, then Wire EDM, and last grinding machine processing obtains glossy surface, wherein
The design principle of groove is as follows：By groove side and Surface Machining into angle α, α takes 45 °, and removal partial width is L, then H
Following relation be present with L：
Calculate and remove partial width L=30mm；
Secondly, the mother metal of cross-notching enters water-filling cleaning and removes obvious dirty, and then acetone cleaning removes oil stain, goes afterwards
Ionized water cleans, and finally dries；
Again, under argon atmosphere, to be base material at the fluting mother metal connector groove for cleaning, drying in it
Surface carries out laser gain material manufacture processing, and such as Fig. 4 (b), protection intracavitary oxygen content is 50ppm, using work more ripe at present
Skill parameter：Laser power 6kw, sweep speed 1500mm/min, powder feeding rate 25g/min, deposit thickness δ should ensure that more than titanium
The sedimentary (about 2-5mm) of alloy heat affected area thickness, then laser gain material manufacture deposition layer surface is cleaned again,
Drying；
Finally, electron beam welding is carried out, in order to prevent that sheet material is ftractureed in electron beam welding process, and two plates are spliced
Carry out spot welding reinforcing afterwards together, in order to prevent the excessive generation of line from staying, the total thickness 10mm titanium plate in sheet material underlay, weldering
Before connecing, operating distance L=150mm, focus current I=475mA, accelerating potential U=85kV, sweep speed 250mm/ are kept
Min, vacuumizing makes the welding chamber pressure be maintained at 9 × 10-2Below Pa, welding line successively select 140mA, carry out electron beam welding
Experiment, obtains weldment, such as Fig. 4 (c).
Embodiment 3
Composite connecting method between a kind of thin plate titanium alloy casting and laser gain material product, such as Fig. 5, including following operation
Step：
First, under argon atmosphere, titanium alloy forging, rolled parts and casting using section thickness H as 30mm connect
Part is that base material carries out laser gain material manufacture processing to its inner surface, and laser gain material product further increases material processing without carrying out, such as
Fig. 5 (a), protection intracavitary oxygen content is 70ppm, using technological parameter more ripe at present：Laser power 4kw, sweep speed
500mm/min, powder feeding rate 15g/min, it is L that deposit thickness δ, which should ensure that groove processes removal partial width through next step,
Afterwards, remainder minimum thickness, i.e. (δ-L), more than the sedimentary (about 2-5mm) of titanium alloy heat affected area thickness；
Secondly, retaining wall on slope is carried out to laser gain material connector, obtains the part of fluting；Slope is processed according to accessory size
Mouthful, the gap between two components of left and right in figure is exaggerated for convenience of description, such as Fig. 5 (b), first basis is actually needed
Groove size is designed in the part both sides that section thickness H is 30mm, then Wire EDM, last milling machine processing obtains light
The design principle on bright surface, wherein groove is as follows：By groove side and Surface Machining into angle α, α takes 45 °, and it is wide to remove part
Spend for L, then H and L has following relation：
Calculate and remove partial width L=30mm；
Again, the part of cross-notching enters water-filling cleaning and removes obvious dirty, and then acetone cleaning removes oil stain, goes afterwards
Ionized water cleans, and finally dries；
Finally, electron beam welding is carried out, in order to prevent that sheet material is ftractureed in electron beam welding process, and two plates are spliced
Carry out spot welding reinforcing afterwards together, in order to prevent the excessive generation of line from staying, the total thickness 10mm titanium plate in sheet material underlay, weldering
Before connecing, operating distance L=150mm, focus current I=475mA, accelerating potential U=85kV, sweep speed 250mm/ are kept
Min, vacuumizing makes the welding chamber pressure be maintained at 9 × 10-2Below Pa, welding line successively select 140mA, carry out electron beam welding
Experiment, obtains weldment, such as Fig. 5 (c).
The present embodiment finally obtains laser gain material product and rolled parts electro-beam welding joint metallograph, such as Fig. 1, from Fig. 1
In as can be seen that after Thermal Cycle, weld metal zone is affected significantly close to rolled parts portion crystal form and tissue,
The heat affected area of rolled parts material is big, and heat affected area inner tissue is affected；And close to the weld metal zone of laser gain material manufacture parts
Tissue change unobvious, laser gain material manufacture parts heat affected area is small and tissue is without significant change.Welding for forging, is also deposited
Identical with rolled parts the problem of, such as Fig. 2.For rolled parts or forging, rolling process or conducting forging processing make to exist in material residual
The defects of residue stress and more dislocation, crackle, segregation, material is generally in the higher state of energy, then by sweating heat
The process of circulation, weld seam are nearby easy to that forming core, crystallization occurs, and cause weld seam and the rolled parts or forging close to weld seam
Regional organization changes, and grain structure caused by this forming core again is still within metastable state, at heat from now on
It can further change during reason or long-term use, influence the performance of material, increase forms cold crack and delay
The tendency of crackle, increase the sensitiveness to breach, joint is produced brittle break within the service life phase；Relative, laser increases
Material manufacture method is to melt/quickly solidification successively accumulation formation by high power laser light in-situ metallurgical, and structure stability is more
By force, residual stress and the problem of the defects of a large amount of dislocations it is smaller, rare generation forming core is grown up near weld seam, thus organize by
It is smaller to influenceing, it is relatively stable, so that nearby mechanical property is affected by it significantly reducing for weld seam and weld seam.
To sum up, manufacture extension by laser gain material and then carry out electron beam welding composite joint titanium alloy member, energy
Excellent rapid solidification structure is obtained in increasing material manufacturing region, makes the heat affected area very little after welding, it is excellent so as to obtain mechanical property
Different titanium alloy connecting elements.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited to
This, any one skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in, the change that can readily occur in or replace
Change, should all be included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the guarantor of the claim
Shield scope is defined.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of laser gain material manufacture extension and electron beam welding composite connecting method, it is characterised in that section thickness H ＜ electronics
Beam welding maximum height HmaxMother metal connector between connected by laser gain material manufacturing district with groove electron beam welding area, institute
It is forging, rolled parts or casting to state at least one of mother metal connector.
2. laser gain material manufacture extension according to claim 1 and electron beam welding composite connecting method, it is characterised in that
When mother metal is titanium alloy, electron beam welding maximum height HmaxFor 50mm.
3. laser gain material manufacture extension according to claim 1 or 2 exists with electron beam welding composite connecting method, its feature
In, including following operating procedure：
First, under inert gas shielding atmosphere, its inner surface is carried out at laser gain material manufacture using mother metal connector as base material
Reason, if one of mother metal is laser gain material product, without carrying out further increasing material processing；
Secondly, retaining wall on slope is carried out to laser gain material connector, obtains the part of fluting；
Again, the part of cross-notching is cleaned, dried；
Finally, vacuumizing makes the welding chamber pressure be maintained at 9 × 10-2Below Pa, it will clean, the part after drying carries out electron beam weldering
Connect, produce weldment.
4. laser gain material manufacture extension according to claim 1 or 2 exists with electron beam welding composite connecting method, its feature
In, including following operating procedure：
First, retaining wall on slope is carried out to mother metal connector, obtains the mother metal of fluting；
Secondly, the mother metal of cross-notching is cleaned, dried；
Again, under inert gas shielding atmosphere, to be base material at the fluting mother metal connector groove for cleaning, drying to its interior table
Face carries out laser gain material manufacture processing, then manufactures deposition layer surface to laser gain material again and is cleaned, dried, if one of mother metal
For laser gain material product, then handled without carrying out further increasing material；
Finally, vacuumizing makes the welding chamber pressure be maintained at 9 × 10-2Below Pa, it will clean, the laser gain material after drying manufactures processing
Mother metal carries out electron beam welding, produces weldment.
5. the laser gain material manufacture extension according to claim 3 or 4 exists with electron beam welding composite connecting method, its feature
In the retaining wall on slope is first to design groove size in mother metal side, then Wire EDM, last grinding machine or milling machine processing
Obtain glossy surface.
6. laser gain material manufacture extension according to claim 5 and electron beam welding composite connecting method, it is characterised in that
The principle of the design groove is that groove side and surface are processed into angle α, and angle α value is chosen according to the actual requirements,
Removal partial width is that L, H and L have following relation：
<mrow>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>tan</mi>
<mi>&alpha;</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>.</mo>
</mrow>
7. the laser gain material manufacture extension according to claim 3 or 4 exists with electron beam welding composite connecting method, its feature
In the cleaning is first water cleaning, and then acetone cleans, last deionized water cleaning.
8. the laser gain material manufacture extension according to claim 3 or 4 exists with electron beam welding composite connecting method, its feature
In the inert gas is argon gas, and protects intracavitary oxygen content to be less than 80ppm；The technological parameter of laser gain material manufacture is
4~6kw of laser power, 500~1500mm/min of sweep speed, 15~25g/min of powder feeding rate；The deposit thickness δ is 2
~5mm.
9. the laser gain material manufacture extension according to claim 3 or 4 exists with electron beam welding composite connecting method, its feature
In the electro-beam welding process parameter is to keep operating distance L=150mm, focus current I=475mA, accelerating potential U
=85kV, sweep speed 250mm/min, welding line are 140mA.
10. laser gain material manufacture extension and electron beam welding composite connecting method, its feature according to claim 3 or 4
Be, before electron beam welding, carry out spot welding after mother metal connector is stitched together, and mother metal underlay total thickness 10 ±
0.5mm titanium plate.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN108788432A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-11-13 | 南昌航空大学 | A kind of aviation IC10 single crystal super alloys welding method of the same race |
| CN109396441A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-01 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 | A kind of heat treatment method of electron beam welding selective laser fusing formation of parts |
| CN113210830A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-08-06 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Vacuum electron beam welding method for additive manufacturing and forming gamma-TiAl intermetallic compound |
| CN113275597A (en) * | 2021-07-25 | 2021-08-20 | 北京煜鼎增材制造研究院有限公司 | Method for controlling fine grain structure of metal additive fusion manufacturing component |
| CN113290254A (en) * | 2021-07-25 | 2021-08-24 | 北京煜鼎增材制造研究院有限公司 | Composite manufacturing method of metal part |
| CN113369728A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-09-10 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for manufacturing titanium alloy large-scale complex structure component |
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