CN105728944A - Double-side laser welding method for powder metallurgy control - Google Patents
Double-side laser welding method for powder metallurgy control Download PDFInfo
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- CN105728944A CN105728944A CN201610239651.5A CN201610239651A CN105728944A CN 105728944 A CN105728944 A CN 105728944A CN 201610239651 A CN201610239651 A CN 201610239651A CN 105728944 A CN105728944 A CN 105728944A
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- welding
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- groove
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- eyelid covering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/211—Bonding by welding with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
- B23K26/0608—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams in the same heat affected zone [HAZ]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/006—Vehicles
Abstract
The invention discloses a double-side laser welding method for powder metallurgy control, relates to a double-laser beam welding method, and solves the problem that welding wire elements cannot perform full alloy control for a welding line structure in the double-side laser welding process of a T-shaped structure. The method comprises the following steps: (1) a groove is mechanically milled in the center of a position to be welded on the upper surface of a cover in the welding direction; and the cover is chemically cleaned to remove an oxide film and machining stains; (2) alloy powder is prefilled in the groove to form a deposition layer; a laser cladding head is vertically placed rightly above the groove; the laser powder feeding material adding is performed on the surface of the groove to obtain the deposition layer by using a mode of coaxial feeding of laser beams and the alloy powder; and a deposition material higher than the surface of the cover is grinded off by using a grinding machine, so that a deposition surface is coplanar with the surface of the cover; and (3) the double-laser wire filling welding is performed for a long purlin and the cover to obtain symmetric welding lines on two sides. The method is used for double-laser beam welding of the T-shaped structure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of double laser beam welding method, particularly to the bilateral method for laser welding that a kind of powder metallurgy regulates and controls, it is possible to be applied to the welding process of stringer and eyelid covering in aircraft target ship manufacture process.
Background technology
There is the T-type structure of substantial amounts of eyelid covering-length analysis in airframe wallboard, this T-type structure mainly adopts riveting technology to carry out assembly and connection.The beginning of the nineties in last century, Airbus GmbH took the lead in having carried out the research of bilateral laser synchronization solder technology, and successfully this T-type structure had been welded.Compared with conventional rivet connection technology, bilateral laser synchronization solder technology has higher production efficiency, particularly can significantly reduce fuselage weight, improves the fuel economy of aircraft.At present this is innovated technologies and is successfully applied to the fuselage wall including smallest A318 and largest A380 Air Passenger company different types of machines and hardens during body plan makes.
In order to ensure that bilateral laser welded seam shapes and suppresses weld defect, bilateral laser synchronization solder technology adopts the mode of Bilateral Symmetry wire feed to carry out, the alloy regulating and controlling effect utilizing welding wire improves seam organization, it is suppressed that the formation of the defect such as hole, crackle, improves the mechanical property of bilateral laser welded seam.But, experiment finds, owing to the bilateral laser weld pools of T-type structure exists local eddy currents feature, and higher speed of welding makes molten pool metal crystallization and freezing faster, cause that in welding wire, alloying element is difficult to be sufficiently mixed with original eyelid covering mother metal, namely with eyelid covering upper surface for boundary, in weld seam, upper and lower sides Elemental redistribution is uneven.As shown in Figure 1, although welding wire element can be sufficiently mixed in weld seam stringer side 3, but it is difficult to be mixed into region, weld seam eyelid covering side 4, this will cause that the alloy regulating and controlling effect that welding wire element butt welded seam eyelid covering side 4 is organized is suppressed, micro-crack easily at weld seam eyelid covering side 4 intercrystalline Initiation And Propagation, ultimately results in the decline of bilateral laser welded seam entirety mechanical property.
For problem above, scholar is abroad had to find, increase wire feed rate and can promote that welding wire element extends to weld seam eyelid covering side 4 to a certain extent, but limited use, and adopt excessive wire feed rate can the stability of bilateral laser beam welding be adversely affected, form weld defect and destroy appearance of weld.At present, the proposition of Patents is had no to solve problem above.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve that welding wire element in T-type structure bilateral laser beam welding cannot carry out the problem of abundant alloy regulation and control by butt welded seam tissue, and propose the bilateral method for laser welding of a kind of powder metallurgy regulation and control.
The bilateral method for laser welding of a kind of powder metallurgy regulation and control that the present invention proposes, described welding method is the welding to aircraft target ship T-type structure, this T-type structure is welded by the eyelid covering of the stringer vertically placed Yu horizontal positioned, concrete welding method through the following steps that realize:
Step one, processing groove: at eyelid covering upper surface place-centric to be welded along welding direction machinery milling groove, the cross section of groove is circular arc, and the radius of curvature r of groove is equal to lower melt run radius of curvature R, groove depth capacity d1Less than the maximum fusion penetration D in weld seam eyelid covering side, groove Breadth Maximum w1Molten wide W maximum less than weld seam；Eyelid covering is carried out Chemical cleaning to remove oxide-film and processing spot；
Step 2, to pre-fill alloy powder in groove with formed deposition layer: laser melting coating head erect is positioned over the surface of groove, adopt the mode that laser beam and alloy powder are coaxially sent into, carry out laser powder feeding in groove surfaces and increase material to obtain deposition layer, fall to make deposition surface and skin-surface coplanar the deposition material removal exceeding skin-surface with grinding machine；
Step 3, stringer and eyelid covering are carried out double excitation filler wire welding: be positioned on deposition layer by stringer along the vertical centrage of groove; by symmetrically placed in stringer both sides for two welding wires; two laser beams are symmetrically placed in stringer both sides; two protection gas jets are symmetrically placed in stringer both sides; the order of welding wire, laser beam and protection gas jets is for set gradually from front to back; adopt noble gas that bilateral laser welded seam is carried out real-time guard; stringer and eyelid covering are carried out bilateral laser filling wire welding, it is thus achieved that Bilateral Symmetry weld seam.
The present invention compared with prior art has the advantages that
One, owing to the present invention adds groove before carrying out continuous welding step, increase material by laser alloy powder to be preset in by alloy powder in groove and form deposition layer, layer filler wire will be deposited in groove finally by bilateral laser filling wire welding, stringer and eyelid covering are fully fused and forms overall bilateral laser welded seam, alloy regulation and control element can be sufficiently mixed in weld seam eyelid covering side, weld seam stringer side substantially eliminates with Elemental redistribution difference in eyelid covering side, achieve the uniform alloy regulation and control of alloying element butt welded seam tissue, thus improve the mechanical property of weld seam.
Two, the groove structure in the method for the present invention is simple, it is easy to obtained by Milling Process；It is high that laser alloy powder increases material technique controllable precise efficiency, it is thus achieved that deposition layer consistency height zero defect；Experiment proves, process groove according to restrictive condition and adopt the deposition layer tissue that Optimizing Process Parameters carries out the increasing material acquisition of laser alloy powder will not T-type structure seam organization be adversely affected, it is possible on the basis of original weld seam, improving the mechanical property of weld seam further.
Three, the increasing material alloy powder flexible ratio in the method for the present invention, convenient according to weld seam eyelid covering side tissue modulation requirement change alloy powder component ratio, it is not necessary to process welding wire specially, reduce cost, it is possible to realize the specific regulation and control of butt welded seam eyelid covering side tissue；It is demonstrated experimentally that hybrid alloys powder by laser gain material can uniform deposition in groove, deposition layer Elemental redistribution uniform.
Four, the method for the present invention is applicable not only to the welding of T-type structure, is also applied for bridging arrangement, cross structure, the isostructural welding of T-shaped structure.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is eyelid covering-stringer T-type structure double laser beam weld seam schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of preset circular groove；
Fig. 3 increases material schematic diagram at groove 5 inner laser alloy powder；
Fig. 4 is the position view that stringer 1 is placed on deposition layer 6；
Fig. 5 is double laser beam filler wire welding schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Detailed description of the invention one: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1～Fig. 5, the welding method of present embodiment is the welding to aircraft target ship T-type structure, this T-type structure is welded by the eyelid covering 2 of the stringer 1 vertically placed with horizontal positioned, and concrete welding method is through the following steps that realize:
Step one, processing groove 5: at eyelid covering 2 upper surface place-centric to be welded along welding direction machinery milling groove 5, the cross section of groove 5 is circular arc, and the radius of curvature r of groove 5 is equal to lower melt run radius of curvature R, groove 5 depth capacity d1Less than the maximum fusion penetration D in weld seam eyelid covering side 4, groove 5 Breadth Maximum w1Molten wide W maximum less than weld seam, carries out Chemical cleaning to remove oxide-film and processing spot to eyelid covering 2；Select proper milling cutter and process groove 5 with milling machine；
Step 2, to pre-fill alloy powder in groove 5 with formed deposition layer 6: laser melting coating head 7 is vertically placed on the surface of groove 5, adopt the mode that laser beam 8 and alloy powder 12 are coaxially sent into, carry out laser powder feeding on groove 5 surface and increase material to obtain deposition layer 6, after laser powder feeding increases material, fall to make deposition surface and skin-surface coplanar the deposition material removal exceeding eyelid covering 2 surface with grinding machine；
Step 3, stringer 1 and eyelid covering 2 are carried out double excitation filler wire welding: be positioned on deposition layer 6 by stringer 1 along the vertical centrage N-N of groove 5; by symmetrically placed in stringer 1 both sides for two welding wires 9; two laser beams 8 are symmetrically placed in stringer 1 both sides; two protection gas jets 10 are symmetrically placed in stringer 1 both sides; the order of welding wire 9, laser beam 8 and protection gas jets 10 is for set gradually from front to back; adopt noble gas that bilateral laser welded seam is carried out real-time guard; stringer 1 and eyelid covering 2 are carried out bilateral laser filling wire welding, it is thus achieved that Bilateral Symmetry weld seam 11.
Detailed description of the invention two: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, present embodiment is stringer 1 and eyelid covering 2 thickness is 2mm, the maximum fusion penetration D span of control in weld seam eyelid covering side 4 is 0.5mm～1.0mm, and the maximum molten wide W span of control of weld seam is 2.5mm～3.0mm, groove depth capacity d1Relation is met: d with the maximum fusion penetration D in weld seam eyelid covering side 41=0.8D, groove Breadth Maximum w1Molten wide W maximum with weld seam meets relation: w1=0.8W.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention one.
Detailed description of the invention three: in conjunction with Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 illustrate present embodiment, present embodiment be step 2 further groove 5 sectional area should be equal to deposition layer 6 sectional area.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention one or two.
Detailed description of the invention four: present embodiment is that in step 2, alloy powder composition is consistent with wire composition, in alloy powder, the weight/mass percentage composition of each composition is 12% silicon, 0.2% ferrum, 87.8% aluminum.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention three.
Detailed description of the invention five: present embodiment is that in step 2, alloy powder composition is different from wire composition, in welding wire, the weight/mass percentage composition of each composition is 12% silicon, 0.2% ferrum, 87.8% aluminum, in alloy powder, the weight/mass percentage composition of each composition is 7% silicon, 2% bronze medal, 0.5 scandium, 90.5% aluminum, this alloy powder composition can refine weld seam eyelid covering side 4 crystal grain, improve intergranular phase composition and improve intergranular intensity, it is suppressed that fire check Initiation And Propagation.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention three.
Detailed description of the invention six: present embodiment is that in step 2, laser powder feeding increases material employing technological parameter: laser power is 500W, and powder feeding rate is 13g/min, and laser scanning speed is 0.3m/min, deposits slice width degree w2Span of control is 2.0mm～2.5mm, deposits layer depth capacity d2Span of control is 0.5mm～1.0mm.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention three.
Detailed description of the invention seven: present embodiment is that in step 3, the laser power of double laser beam elects 3000W as, and the incident angle of double laser beam elects 22 ° as, and speed of welding elects 10m/min as; gage of wire is 1.2mm; wire feed rate is 4.3m/min, adopts Ar gas shielded, and throughput is 15L/min.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention three.
Detailed description of the invention eight: illustrate that present embodiment, present embodiment are that the material of the stringer 1 in step 3 and eyelid covering 2 is aluminium alloy, aluminium lithium alloy or titanium alloy in conjunction with Fig. 4.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention seven.
Detailed description of the invention nine: present embodiment is that in step 3, noble gas adopts Ar or He.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention eight.
Detailed description of the invention ten: illustrate that present embodiment, present embodiment are that in step 3, welding wire 9 selects ER4043 or ER2319 welding wire in conjunction with Fig. 5.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention nine.
Claims (10)
1. the bilateral method for laser welding of powder metallurgy regulation and control, described welding method is the welding to aircraft target ship T-type structure, this T-type structure is welded by the eyelid covering (2) of the stringer (1) vertically placed Yu horizontal positioned, it is characterised in that: described welding method through the following steps that realize:
Step one, processing groove (5): at eyelid covering (2) upper surface place-centric to be welded along welding direction machinery milling groove (5), the cross section of groove (5) is circular arc, the radius of curvature r of groove (5) is equal to lower melt run radius of curvature R, groove (5) depth capacity d1Less than the maximum fusion penetration D in weld seam eyelid covering side (4), groove (5) Breadth Maximum w1Molten wide W maximum less than weld seam, carries out Chemical cleaning to remove oxide-film and processing spot to eyelid covering (2)；
Step 2, to pre-fill alloy powder in groove (5) with formed deposition layer (6): laser melting coating head (7) is vertically placed on the surface of groove (5), adopt the mode of laser beam (8) and the coaxial feeding of alloy powder (12), carry out laser powder feeding on groove (5) surface and increase material to obtain deposition layer (6), fall to make deposition surface and skin-surface coplanar the deposition material removal exceeding eyelid covering (2) surface with grinding machine；
Step 3, stringer (1) and eyelid covering (2) are carried out double excitation filler wire welding: be positioned in deposition layer (6) by stringer (1) along the vertical centrage (N-N) of groove (5), by symmetrically placed in stringer (1) both sides for two welding wires (9), two laser beams (8) are symmetrically placed in stringer (1) both sides, two protections gas jets (10) are symmetrically placed in stringer (1) both sides, welding wire (9), the order of laser beam (8) and protection gas jets (10) is for set gradually from front to back, adopt noble gas that bilateral laser welded seam is carried out real-time guard, stringer (1) and eyelid covering (2) are carried out bilateral laser filling wire welding, obtain Bilateral Symmetry weld seam (11).
2. the bilateral method for laser welding of a kind of powder metallurgy according to claim 1 regulation and control, it is characterized in that: described stringer (1) and eyelid covering (2) thickness are 2mm, the maximum fusion penetration D span of control in weld seam eyelid covering side (4) is 0.5mm～1.0mm, the maximum molten wide W span of control of weld seam is 2.5mm～3.0mm, groove depth capacity d1Relation is met: d with the maximum fusion penetration D in weld seam eyelid covering side (4)1=0.8D, groove Breadth Maximum w1Molten wide W maximum with weld seam meets relation: w1=0.8W.
3. the bilateral method for laser welding of a kind of powder metallurgy according to claim 1 and 2 regulation and control, it is characterised in that: the sectional area of described step 2 further groove (5) should be equal to deposition layer (6) sectional area.
4. the bilateral method for laser welding of a kind of powder metallurgy according to claim 3 regulation and control, it is characterized in that: in described step 2, alloy powder composition is consistent with wire composition, in alloy powder, the weight/mass percentage composition of each composition is 12% silicon, 0.2% ferrum, 87.8% aluminum.
5. the bilateral method for laser welding of a kind of powder metallurgy according to claim 3 regulation and control, it is characterized in that: in described step 2, alloy powder composition is different from wire composition, in welding wire, the weight/mass percentage composition of each composition is 12% silicon, 0.2% ferrum, 87.8% aluminum, and in alloy powder, the weight/mass percentage composition of each composition is 7% silicon, 2% bronze medal, 0.5 scandium, 90.5% aluminum.
6. the bilateral method for laser welding of a kind of powder metallurgy according to claim 3 regulation and control, it is characterized in that: in described step 2, laser powder feeding increases material employing technological parameter: laser power is 500W, powder feeding rate is 13g/min, and laser scanning speed is 0.3m/min, deposits slice width degree w2Span of control is 2.0mm～2.5mm, deposits layer depth capacity d2Span of control is 0.5mm～1.0mm.
7. the bilateral method for laser welding of a kind of powder metallurgy according to claim 3 regulation and control; it is characterized in that: in described step 3, the laser power of double laser beam elects 3000W as; the incident angle of double laser beam elects 22 ° as; speed of welding elects 10m/min as; gage of wire is 1.2mm; wire feed rate is 4.3m/min, adopts Ar gas shielded, and throughput is 15L/min.
8. the bilateral method for laser welding of a kind of powder metallurgy according to claim 7 regulation and control, it is characterised in that: stringer (1) and the material of eyelid covering (2) in described step 3 are aluminium alloy, aluminium lithium alloy or titanium alloy.
9. the bilateral method for laser welding of a kind of powder metallurgy according to claim 8 regulation and control, it is characterised in that: in described step 3, noble gas adopts Ar or He.
10. the bilateral method for laser welding of a kind of powder metallurgy according to claim 9 regulation and control, it is characterised in that: in described step 3, welding wire (9) selects ER4043 or ER2319 welding wire.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106334881A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-01-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Welding wire used for welding plane aluminum-lithium alloy body wall boards |
| CN107876985A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-04-06 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of increasing material welding method of big thickness frame clsss metal parts |
| CN108747022A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | A kind of laser powder-filled swing welding method of new energy resource power battery cooling box |
| CN110202264A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-09-06 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of accuracy controlling method of titanium alloy covering-stringer siding double laser beam two-side synchronous welding microstructure |
| WO2021012862A1 (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-01-28 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Laser double-sided welding device and laser double-sided welding method therefor |
| CN112719517A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-30 | 中车眉山车辆有限公司 | Fusion welding connection process for special-shaped welding seams of steel structure car body |
| CN113770534A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-10 | 上海杭和智能科技有限公司 | Double-laser-beam double-side laser-MIG (Metal inert gas) hybrid welding method and system |
| WO2023152014A1 (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2023-08-17 | Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh | Laser deposition welding method for producing coating layers on opposing surfaces of a component |
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| WO2021012862A1 (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-01-28 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Laser double-sided welding device and laser double-sided welding method therefor |
| CN112719517A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-30 | 中车眉山车辆有限公司 | Fusion welding connection process for special-shaped welding seams of steel structure car body |
| CN112719517B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-08-02 | 中车眉山车辆有限公司 | Fusion welding connection process for special-shaped welding seams of steel structure car body |
| CN113770534A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-10 | 上海杭和智能科技有限公司 | Double-laser-beam double-side laser-MIG (Metal inert gas) hybrid welding method and system |
| WO2023152014A1 (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2023-08-17 | Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh | Laser deposition welding method for producing coating layers on opposing surfaces of a component |
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