CN112719517B - Fusion welding connection process for special-shaped welding seams of steel structure car body - Google Patents
Fusion welding connection process for special-shaped welding seams of steel structure car body Download PDFInfo
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- CN112719517B CN112719517B CN202011489572.2A CN202011489572A CN112719517B CN 112719517 B CN112719517 B CN 112719517B CN 202011489572 A CN202011489572 A CN 202011489572A CN 112719517 B CN112719517 B CN 112719517B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
- B23K9/028—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/006—Vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
Abstract
The invention discloses a fusion welding connection process for a special-shaped welding seam of a steel structure car body. Welding is performed by a welding robot; respectively setting the special-shaped welding seams into a curved structure welding seam, a horizontal linear structure welding seam and a vertical linear structure welding seam, and continuously welding from one end of each welding seam to the other end of each welding seam; the respective welding specifications are adopted. The process of the invention can freely switch various welding modes in the welding process of irregular welding seams, and ensure the uniformity of the whole welding seam. The automation of the production line is convenient to realize without manual intervention in the welding process. Compared with a special welding machine, the connecting process matched with the welding manipulator is more suitable for welding seams with multiple changes, variable cross sections and multiple welding positions. The welding seam has no dead zone and joint, the forming is beautiful, and the appearance forming of the vertical welding is basically consistent with that of the vertical welding. The weld penetration of the vertical downward (PG) welding by using the high-frequency swing arc reaches the penetration level of a position of a flat fillet weld (PB).
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, particularly belongs to the technical field of connection and welding of vehicle body structures, relates to a welding process of nonlinear welding seams, and particularly relates to a fusion welding connection process of special-shaped welding seams of side walls of steel structure vehicle bodies such as railway freight car truck.
Background
In the design of railway general open wagon and highway special car, the plate-column type structure is almost adopted to ensure the strength reliability of the use. The existing practical production situation: for M or N type nonlinear welding seams, manual welding is mostly adopted in the railway industry at present, workpieces are large and are not beneficial to overturning, and the welding seam positions are welded in a vertical upward (PF) mode and a vertical downward (PG) mode. The problems that the vertical upward welding seam is difficult to form well and the operation level requirement of a welder is extremely high are caused; the welding bead of the welding seam is narrower after the vertical lower welding seam is welded, and the fusion depth is shallower. Although the traditional single direct current MAG gas shielded welding has high efficiency, the method can not adapt to the fine weld joint welding with high welding quality requirement, irregular weld joint position and higher repeatability in the future.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a fusion welding connection process for a special-shaped welding seam of a steel structure car body according to the defects of the prior art. The invention aims to provide an automatic welding process aiming at an M-shaped welding seam structure or an N-shaped welding seam structure and also aiming at a linear and circular arc transition linear welding seam.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the welding connection process of the special-shaped welding seam of the steel structure vehicle body is implemented by a welding robot; the method is characterized in that: respectively setting the special-shaped welding seams into a curved structure welding seam, a horizontal linear structure welding seam and a vertical linear structure welding seam, and continuously welding from one end of each welding seam to the other end of each welding seam; the method comprises the following processes:
welding specification of a horizontal straight line structure welding seam: welding current 230-;
the welding seam of the vertical linear structure is vertically welded up in a standard way: welding current is 100-110A, welding voltage is 15-17V, welding speed is 2-3mm/s, air flow is 18L/min, swing arc width is 4mm, swing arc frequency is 2 Hz, retention time is 0.5s, and direct current welding is carried out;
welding specification of the welding seam of the curve structure: welding current is 180-220A, welding voltage is 19-23V, welding speed is 3-4mm/s, air flow is 18L/min, swing arc width is 0mm, swing arc frequency is 0 Hz, retention time is 0s, and direct current welding is carried out;
the vertical straight line structure welding seam is vertically welded to be standard: welding current 110-.
The volume ratio of the welding protective gas is as follows: welding of 80% Ar +20% CO in carbon steel or high-strength low-alloy steel 2 (ii) a Stainless steel welding 97% Ar +3% CO 2 (ii) a The welding filling material is as follows: welding ER55-G on carbon steel or high-strength low-alloy steel; stainless steel ER308 LSi-G.
The automatic welding robot is a multi-joint welding robot, the repeated positioning error is not more than 0.1mm, and the repeated circulation error is not more than 0.2 mm; the number of the specific joints is determined according to the welding working condition, and the specific joints can be four joints or six joints; the welding robot can be communicated with a welding power supply in real time in an interconnected mode, when the tail end joint welding gun reaches the initial position of each section of welding line, a welding standard adjusting instruction can be sent to the welding power supply, and corresponding welding parameters are called to carry out welding operation.
The welding process can keep the sizes of the welding feet of the M-shaped or N-shaped complete welding seams consistent. The welding seams of the horizontal straight line sections at the two sides are symmetrical welding seams and adopt the same specification; the local part of the special-shaped welding seam welding section is a butt welding seam at a flat position; the welding seams of the vertical sections on the two sides are also symmetrical, but in order to avoid leaving a welding joint, the manipulator clamping welding gun inevitably vertically upwards and vertically downwards at the same time, so that a section of vertically downwards welding seam can be produced, in order to avoid the defect of weak welding seam in vertical downwards welding, high-frequency pulse welding is needed, the welding penetration is increased, and the effective thickness of the welding seam is ensured by a slightly larger welding seam welding specification.
Compared with the prior art, the welding process has the following beneficial effects:
the process of the invention can freely switch various welding modes in the welding process of irregular welding seams, and ensure the uniformity of the whole welding seam. The automation of the production line is convenient to realize without manual intervention in the welding process. Compared with a special welding machine, the connecting process matched with the welding manipulator is more suitable for welding seams with multiple changes, variable cross sections and multiple welding positions. The welding seam has no dead zone and joint, the forming is beautiful, and the appearance forming of the vertical welding is basically consistent with that of the vertical welding. The weld penetration of the vertical downward (PG) welding by using the high-frequency swing arc reaches the penetration level of a position of a flat fillet weld (PB).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a weld of the welding process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a welded structure according to the welding process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a drawing showing the penetration effect of the welding test piece of the present invention.
In the figure, a is a welding plane member, B is a welding profile member, C is a welding bottom plate member, and F is a welding line; 1 is a first welding section, 2 is a second welding section, 3 is a third welding section, 4 is a fourth welding section, and 5 is a fifth welding section.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following detailed description, which is intended to further illustrate the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any way, but is equivalent or analogous to the present invention without departing from its scope.
With reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in the figure, the welding part in this embodiment is a welding plane part a with a plane structure and a welding special-shaped part B with a special-shaped structure, which are fillet welded and butt welded, and the welding seam F is a welding seam welding structure with M-shaped anisotropy, which includes: the welding line comprises a head M-shaped welding line, vertical linear welding lines on two sides and a curve transition horizontal linear welding line; respectively marked as: the symmetrical curves at two sides are used for transiting a horizontal straight-line welding seam, namely a first welding section 1 and a fifth welding section 5; two symmetrical vertical straight line welding seams at two sides, a second welding section 2 and a fourth welding section 4; and a third welding section 3 of the M-shaped welding seam at the head part.
The welding protective gas is as follows: welding of 80% Ar +20CO to carbon steel or high-strength low-alloy steel 2 (ii) a Stainless steel welding 97% Ar +3CO 2 。
The welding filling material is as follows: welding ER55-G on carbon steel or high-strength low-alloy steel; stainless steel ER308 LSi-G.
Welding section one 1 welding specification: welding current 230-.
Welding section two 2 welding specification: welding current is 100-110A, welding voltage is 15-17V, welding speed is 2-3mm/s, air flow is 18L/min, swing arc width is 4mm, swing arc frequency is 2 Hz, dwell time is 0.5s, and direct current welding is carried out.
Welding section three 3 welding specification: welding current is 180-220A, welding voltage is 19-23V, welding speed is 3-4mm/s, air flow is 18L/min, swing arc width is 0mm, swing arc frequency is 0 Hz, dwell time is 0s, and direct current welding is carried out.
Welding section four 4 welding specification: welding current 110-.
Welding section five 5 welding specification: welding current 230-250A, welding voltage 23-26V, welding speed 6-8mm/s, air flow 18L/min, swing arc width 0mm, swing arc frequency 0 Hz, dwell time 0s and direct current welding.
The welding process is suitable for the N-shaped welding seam F, when the N-shaped welding seam F is welded, the N-shaped welding seam F is divided into a head N-shaped welding seam, vertical linear welding seams at two sides and a curve transition horizontal linear welding seam, the head N-shaped welding seam and the head M-shaped welding seam adopt the same process, and other welding seams correspondingly adopt the same process.
The welding process is suitable for the connecting welding seam between the side column head and the upper side beam of the side wall of a railway truck open wagon. The welding parameters are changed continuously in real time, so that the welding seams F on the two sides of the column cap can obtain the same fusion depth and appearance forming effect. The welding seams at the two sides of the column head are respectively welded vertically upwards (PF) and vertically downwards (PG). The welding power supply is switched back and forth between high-frequency pulse and direct current in the welding process. The welding process is completed by the matching of the welding manipulator and the welding power supply.
The welding process of the invention is characterized in that the sizes of the welding feet of the M-shaped or N-shaped complete welding seam are kept consistent. The first welding section 1 and the fifth welding section 5 are symmetrical welding seams and adopt the same specification; the part of the third welding section 3 is a butt welding seam at a flat position; the second welding section 2 and the fourth welding section 4 are also symmetrical welding seams, but in order to avoid leaving a welding joint, the manipulator clamping welding gun is inevitably vertical upwards and downwards, so that a section of vertical downward welding seam can be produced, the defect that the welding seam is weak in vertical downward welding is overcome, high-frequency pulse welding is needed, the welding penetration is increased, and the effective thickness of the welding seam is ensured by a slightly larger welding seam welding specification.
The welding line of the column head and the side column is welded by the manipulator in a full-automatic mode. The M-shaped welding seam or the N-shaped welding seam is welded in sections, the sectional points are suitable for plate column type connecting welding seams of various railway wagon types, and the whole section of welding seam has no welding joint. Transition is automatically realized between the sectional welding seams by a welding manipulator, and manual work does not participate. Each weld segment uses different welding specifications, and the welding power supply is switched over at any time between high-frequency pulse and direct-current modes. The process is suitable for welding various positions of the plate column type side wall of the railway wagon, and is suitable for T4003 stainless steel, carbon steel, low-alloy high-strength steel and weather-resistant steel.
Claims (2)
1. A welding connection process for a special-shaped welding seam of a steel structure vehicle body is characterized in that welding is performed by a welding robot; the method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps of respectively setting M-shaped or N-shaped special-shaped welding seams in a steel structure vehicle body into a curved structure welding seam, a horizontal linear structure welding seam and a vertical linear structure welding seam, switching a welding power supply back and forth between high-frequency pulse and direct current in the welding process from one end of the welding seam to the other end of the welding seam, continuously welding, and keeping the sizes of welding feet of the M-shaped or N-shaped complete welding seams to be consistent; the method comprises the following processes:
welding specification of a horizontal straight line structure welding seam: welding current 230-;
the welding seam of the vertical linear structure is vertically welded up in a standard way: welding current is 100-110A, welding voltage is 15-17V, welding speed is 2-3mm/s, air flow is 18L/min, swing arc width is 4mm, swing arc frequency is 2 Hz, retention time is 0.5s, and direct current welding is carried out;
welding specification of the welding seam of the curve structure: welding current is 180-220A, welding voltage is 19-23V, welding speed is 3-4mm/s, air flow is 18L/min, swing arc width is 0mm, swing arc frequency is 0 Hz, retention time is 0s, and direct current welding is carried out;
the vertical straight line structure welding seam is vertically welded to be standard: welding current 110-.
2. The special-shaped welding seam fusion welding connection process of the steel structure car body according to claim 1, characterized in that: the volume ratio of welding protective gas is as follows: welding of carbon steel or high-strength low-alloy steel with 80% Ar +20% CO 2 (ii) a Stainless steel welding 97% Ar +3% CO 2 (ii) a The welding filling material is as follows: carbon steel or high-strength low-alloy steel welding wire ER 55-G; stainless steel welding wire ER308 LSi-G.
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