CN102126088A - Double-sided laser arc composite welding method for thick plate T-joint - Google Patents
Double-sided laser arc composite welding method for thick plate T-joint Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a double-sided laser arc composite welding method for a thick plate T-joint, belonging to the field of laser arc composite welding. The invention solves the problem of low welding efficiency existing in the traditional welding method for the thick plate T-joint. Two welding guns and two laser beam mirror images are arranged at both sides of a vertical plate of the thick plate T-joint, and synchronized laser arc composite welding is performed. In the process of laser arc composite welding, arc welding is performed by arranging the welding guns close to the part to be welded of the thick plate T-joint so that the optical axes of the laser beams and the central axes of the welding guns are arranged on the same plane and all form an included angel alpha of 10-50 DEG with the face plate of the thick plate T-joint, the optical axes of the laser beams and the central axes of the welding guns form an included angle of 25-45 DEG, and the distance D from the incidence point of the laser beam on the part to be welded to the tail end of a welding wire of each welding gun is 2-6 mm. The double-sided laser arc composite welding method for the thick plate T-joint is a laser arc composite welding method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the two-sided laser electrical arc complex welding method of a kind of slab T connector, belong to the hybrid Laser-Arc Welding field.
Background technology
Along with the development of industry such as boats and ships, space flight and aviation and vehicle to large-tonnage and big carrying capacity direction, to the solder technology of thick plate structure, particularly the requirement of welding deformation control, property of welded joint and the welding efficiency of slab T connector is more and more higher.
For the welding of slab T connector, generally implement in the following way at present: 1, manual electric arc welding: it adopts CO
2Gas shielded arc welding and submerged-arc welding are welded in proper order from the joint both sides, the defective that this method exists is: weld groove is bigger, the cladding metal of weld seam is many, and the welding job amount is big, and when welding, need weld preheating, carbon arc air gouging back chipping, channeling, polishing and post weld heat treatment, postwelding rectification etc., operation is many, causes labor strength big, and welding deformation and stress are big, welding efficiency is low, and welding quality is affected; 2, double sides double arc connects method: as Chinese patent " double sides double arc welding method ", publication number is CN1603045, open day is 2005.04.06, disclosed welding method has been simplified welding sequence with respect to manual electric arc welding, but the many problems of cladding metal big to the weld groove that exists, weld seam are not resolved, also there is the problem that the electric arc fusion penetration is less, speed of welding needs multi-pass welding when reaching thick plates slowly in it simultaneously, still has the problem that the welding job amount is big, stress deformation is wayward and welding efficiency is low.
Above-mentioned two kinds of arc-welding methods are in the welding of slab T connector, because the above-mentioned defective that exists makes it be difficult to satisfy the requirement of modern industry to welding quality and welding efficiency.Laser weld because have high-energy-density, low-heat input quantity, high speed of welding, big depth-to-width ratio, advantage such as weld heat-affected zone is narrow and welding deformation is little, and more and more be applied to the welding of slab T connector.
Existing method for laser welding at T connector is: 1, adopt single laser beam to penetrate welding or utilize single laser beam and two electric arcs to weld synchronously from panel and joint both sides respectively from the panel of T connector, as Chinese patent " laser-double arc double sided compound welding method of T connector ", publication number is CN101306492, open day is 2008.11.19, its disclosed welding method is feasible for light sheet T type joint, when adopting this method to carry out the welding of slab T connector, can't form and penetrate welding; 2, single laser beam of employing or double laser beam fill silk or fill out the powder solder technology, weld in proper order from the T connector both sides, and this method welding efficiency is low, to the directive property and the welding process requirement strictness of wire feed or powder feeding, welding process instability; And welding heat source is asymmetric, and stress deformation is wayward; 3, adopt double light beam laser to weld synchronously from the T connector both sides respectively, as Chinese patent " T connector double light beam laser synchronous welding method and device ", publication number is CN1586787, and open day is 2005.03.02, disclosed content; Perhaps weld synchronously the laser-electric arc both sides, as Chinese patent " being used for the synchronous welder in T connector laser-electric arc both sides ", publication number is CN201380364, open day is 2010.01.13, disclosed welder, though it has solved the welding heat source asymmetry problem, the strictness of powder feeding technological requirement, the molten bath that laser forms is less, and the cladding amount of metal is less.Problems such as in a word, existing method for laser welding has special advantages aspect the light sheet T type joint welding, penetrates welding but all exist to form to some extent aspect thick plates, and wire feed or powder feeding technological requirement are very strict, and welding efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the low problem of welding efficiency, provide a kind of slab T connector two-sided laser electrical arc complex welding method in order to exist in the welding method that solves the slab T connector.
The inventive method is restrainted the riser both sides that the laser beam mirror images are arranged at the slab T connector with two welding guns and two, carries out synchronous hybrid Laser-Arc Welding, in the process of described hybrid Laser-Arc Welding:
Welding gun is carried out arc welding near the position to be welded of slab T connector, make the optical axis of laser beam and the axis of described welding gun be positioned at same plane, and all form 10 °～50 ° angle α with the panel of slab T connector, form 25 °～45 ° angle β between the optical axis of this laser beam and the axis of this welding gun, and the space D of this laser beam between the wire tip of the incidence point on the position to be welded and this welding gun is 2mm～6mm.
Advantage of the present invention is: the present invention is directed to industry-wide slab T connectors such as boats and ships, space flight and aviation and vehicle, adopt two-sided laser-electric arc compound welding technology, solved that the welding sequence that exists in the welding method of present slab T connector is many, the welding job amount is big, stress deformation is wayward, poor welding quality and the low problem of welding efficiency.
In a molten bath, it is more abundant to be flowed in the molten bath, has reduced weld defect in the composite heat power supply acting in conjunction of the riser both sides of slab T connector for the inventive method, and composition of weld line is even, has increased the fusion area, has improved the performance of welding point.In the riser bilateral symmetry welding of slab T connector, weld seam cools off contraction simultaneously, helps stress and Deformation Control, has improved welding quality.The inventive method has reduced the carbon arc air gouging back chipping, channeling, and operations such as polishing have shortened the work period, have improved welding efficiency.The speed of conventional arc welding is generally 0.12m/min～0.25m/min, the speed of the inventive method composite welding is generally between 1.0m/min～2.0cm/min, speed of welding has improved more than 4 times, the fusion penetration that next time welds in lower heat input situation can reach about 15mm, has improved welding efficiency greatly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is in the welding method of the present invention, and the position between slab T connector to be welded and welding gun and the laser beam concerns schematic diagram, and mark 4 is depicted as weld seam among the figure;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the K type groove of slab T connector;
Fig. 3 is for carrying out the weld seam pattern schematic diagram of the slab T connector behind the backing welding described in the embodiment six;
Fig. 4 is for carrying out the weld seam pattern schematic diagram of backing welding and the slab T connector of filling postwelding described in the embodiment six;
Fig. 5 connects the weld seam pattern schematic diagram of the slab T connector after method is welded for adopting the conventional arc multi-pass welding;
Fig. 6 is the weld seam pattern schematic diagram of the slab T connector after the single LASER BEAM WELDING of employing;
Fig. 7 is for adopting the weld seam pattern schematic diagram of the slab T connector after the two-sided complex welding method of laser-double T IG electric arc welds;
Fig. 8 is for adopting the weld seam pattern schematic diagram of the slab T connector after single laser beam welding method is in proper order welded;
Fig. 9 is for adopting the weld seam pattern schematic diagram of the slab T connector after laser-electric arc both sides synchronous welding method welds;
Figure 10 is for adopting the weld seam pattern schematic diagram of the slab T connector after welding method of the present invention is welded.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is arranged at two welding guns 2 and two bundle laser beams, 1 mirror image riser 32 both sides of slab T connector, carry out synchronous hybrid Laser-Arc Welding, in the process of described hybrid Laser-Arc Welding:
Described laser beam 1 is implemented welding perpendicular to the panel 31 athwartship plane normal direction of slab T connector, and described welding is carried out along the panel 31 athwartship plane normal direction of slab T connector.
The described welding method of present embodiment relates to two bundle laser and two welding guns 2, wherein beam of laser and realizes the laser-electric arc composite welding to welding gun 2 in a side of slab T connector, simultaneously, opposite side at the slab T connector is realized the laser-electric arc composite welding synchronously by another Shu Jiguang and another welding gun 2, thus, realized welding synchronously in the both sides of slab T connector.With the T type top panel of slab T connector as panel 31, with another panel of slab T connector as riser 32.
The specific embodiment two: in conjunction with Fig. 1 present embodiment is described, present embodiment is for to the further specifying of embodiment one, and described angle α is 45 °; Described angle β is 30 °, and described space D is 3mm～4mm.Other is identical with embodiment one.
In solder technology, generally thickness is called thin plate less than the sheet material of 4mm, the sheet material of thickness between 4mm～12mm is called cut deal, and thickness is called slab greater than the sheet material of 12mm.Present embodiment is particularly suitable for riser 32 and all welding of the T connector between 12mm～15mm of panel 31 thickness, and the slab T connector that satisfies this thickness requirement needn't bevel on the riser 32 before welding is carried out.As the xy plane, direction vertical with panel 31 on the riser 32 is as the z direction of principal axis with the surface that joins with riser 32 on the panel 31, and then the axis of the axis of laser beam 1 and welding gun 2 and xy plane are 45 ° of angles.Described laser beam 1 is laser beam 1 perpendicular to the x axle perpendicular to the panel 31 athwartship plane normal direction of slab T connector.
The specific embodiment three: in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 present embodiment is described, present embodiment before described hybrid Laser-Arc Welding is carried out, is carried out groove processing to the position to be welded of slab T connector for to the further specifying of embodiment one.Other is identical with embodiment one.
The specific embodiment four: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 2, present embodiment is further specifying embodiment three, described groove is processed as at riser 32 both sides of slab T connector processing K type groove, the root face d of K type groove is 12mm～15mm, and the angle θ of K type groove is 10 °～30 °.Other is identical with embodiment three.
The specific embodiment five: present embodiment is for to the further specifying of embodiment four, and described welding method repeats n time, and n is a natural number.Other is identical with embodiment four.
The specific embodiment six: in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Figure 10 present embodiment is described, present embodiment is for to the further specifying of embodiment three, four or five, and described angle α is 20 °; Described angle β is 30 °, and described space D is 3mm～4mm.Other is identical with embodiment three, four or five.
Present embodiment is particularly suitable for riser 32 and panel 31 thickness all greater than the welding of the T connector of 15mm, thickness characteristics according to the slab T connector, need earlier at riser 32 both sides of slab T connector processing K type groove, adopt embodiment four described welding methods to carry out backing welding, as required, repeat to implement described step 1 and step 2, carry out once or repeatedly filling welding, make the slab T connector reach best welding effect.Before welding is carried out, the slab T connector can be fixed on the anchor clamps to be welded.
Shown in Figure 5, the seam groove of slab T connector is a K type groove, does not stay root face, and bevel angle θ is 50 °, as can be seen, the cladding metal of weld seam is many, needs to adopt multi-pass welding to connect, and the welding job amount is big, welding sequence is many, and stress deformation is wayward, and welding efficiency is low; Shown in Figure 6, it is to adopt single laser beam to penetrate welding from the panel 31 of slab T connector, because sheet material is thicker, can't forms and penetrate welding; Shown in Figure 7, adopt single laser beam and two electric arcs to weld synchronously from panel and joint both sides respectively, because sheet material is thicker, also can't forms and penetrate welding; Shown in Figure 8, adopt single laser beam or dual-beam to fill silk or fill out the powder solder technology and weld in proper order from the joint both sides, laser welds in proper order, and by diagram as can be seen, this method is difficult to keep welding point two side weld symmetries, makes stress deformation wayward; Be difficult to simultaneously guarantee that two molten baths fuse together, easily produce pore and lack of penetration phenomenon, influence quality of weld joint; Shown in Figure 9, adopt the laser-electric arc both sides to weld synchronously, because laser is different with the arc heat input, welding point two side welds are asymmetric, cause the control difficulty of welding stress deformation to increase.Figure 10 is for adopting the inventive method, carry out the appearance of weld figure of two-sided laser-electric arc composite sync welding from riser 32 both sides of slab T connector, in described two-sided laser-electric arc composite welding process, laser and electric arc form composite heat power supply, laser makes welding process more stable to the guiding function of electric arc and electric arc to the pre-heat effect of workpiece, has improved capacity usage ratio greatly.The inventive method is compared with the traditional electrical arc-welding, the size of weld groove reduces, groove angle can be reduced to 30 ° by original 50 °, conventional arc welded seam groove does not have root face, and the inventive method root face is 12mm～15mm, reduced weld metal cladding amount, saved wlding, thereby reduced cost.
The specific embodiment seven: present embodiment is for to the further specifying of embodiment one, two, three, four, five or six, and described two bundle laser beams 1 are divided into two bundle laser for adopted light splitting technology by a laser instrument, and form with Optical Fiber Transmission; Perhaps launch beam of laser bundle 1 respectively by two laser instruments; Described laser beam 1 is YAG solid state laser, semiconductor laser or optical fiber laser; Described electric arc is welding electric arc (MIG) or metal active gas welding electric arc (MAG).Other is identical with embodiment one, two, three, four, five or six.
The specific embodiment eight: present embodiment is for to the further specifying of embodiment one, two, three, four, five or six, and the power of described laser instrument is 3kW～20kW; The electric current that described welding gun 2 produces electric arc is 100A～400A.Other is identical with embodiment one, two, three, four, five or six.
The power of laser instrument described in the present embodiment is selected according to the thickness of slab T connector is different with the electric current that welding gun 2 produces electric arc.
The specific embodiment nine: present embodiment is for to the further specifying of embodiment one, two, three, four, five or six, and the gas flow of the protective gas of described welding gun 2 is between 15L/min～30L/min; The shield gas flow rate of laser weld is between 15L/min～30L/min in the described welding method.Other is identical with embodiment one, two, three, four, five or six.
Choosing of the described parameter of present embodiment needs to select according to the thickness difference of slab T connector.
The specific embodiment ten: present embodiment is for to the further specifying of embodiment one, two, three, four, five or six, and the gage of wire that adopts in the described welding method is between 1.0mm～1.6mm; The stem elongation degree of welding wire is between 15mm～25mm.Other is identical with embodiment one, two, three, four, five or six.
Choosing of the described parameter of present embodiment needs to select according to the thickness difference of slab T connector.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, can also be the reasonable combination of technical characterictic described in the respective embodiments described above.
Claims (10)
1. two-sided laser electrical arc complex welding method of slab T connector, it is characterized in that: it is arranged at two welding guns (2) and two bundle laser beam (1) mirror images riser (32) both sides of slab T connector, carry out synchronous hybrid Laser-Arc Welding, in the process of described hybrid Laser-Arc Welding:
Welding gun (2) is carried out arc welding near the position to be welded of slab T connector, make the optical axis of laser beam (1) and the axis of described welding gun (2) be positioned at same plane, and all form 10 °～50 ° angle α with the panel (31) of slab T connector, form 25 °～45 ° angle β between the axis of the optical axis of this laser beam (1) and this welding gun (2), and the space D of this laser beam (1) between the wire tip of the incidence point on the position to be welded and this welding gun (2) is 2mm～6mm.
2. the two-sided laser electrical arc complex welding method of slab T connector according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described angle α is 45 °; Described angle β is 30 °, and described space D is 3mm～4mm.
3. the two-sided laser electrical arc complex welding method of slab T connector according to claim 1 is characterized in that: before described hybrid Laser-Arc Welding is carried out, groove processing is carried out at the position to be welded of slab T connector.
4. the two-sided laser electrical arc complex welding method of slab T connector according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described groove is processed as at the riser of slab T connector (32) both sides processing K type groove, the root face d of K type groove is 12mm～15mm, and the angle θ of K type groove is 10 °～30 °.
5. the two-sided laser electrical arc complex welding method of slab T connector according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described welding method repeats n time, and n is a natural number.
6. the two-sided laser electrical arc complex welding method of slab T connector according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described angle α is 20 °; Described angle β is 30 °, and described space D is 3mm～4mm.
7. according to claim 1,2,3,4, the two-sided laser electrical arc complex welding method of 5 or 6 described slab T connectors, it is characterized in that: described two bundle laser beams (1) are divided into two bundle laser for adopted light splitting technology by a laser instrument, and form with Optical Fiber Transmission; Perhaps launch beam of laser bundle (1) respectively by two laser instruments; Described laser beam (1) is YAG solid state laser, semiconductor laser or optical fiber laser; Described electric arc is welding electric arc or metal active gas welding electric arc.
8. according to claim 1,2,3,4, the two-sided laser electrical arc complex welding method of 5 or 6 described slab T connectors, it is characterized in that: the power of described laser instrument is 3kW～20kW; The electric current that described welding gun (2) produces electric arc is 100A～400A.
9. according to claim 1,2,3,4, the two-sided laser electrical arc complex welding method of 5 or 6 described slab T connectors, it is characterized in that: the gas flow of the protective gas of described welding gun (2) is between 15L/min～30L/min; The shield gas flow rate of laser weld is between 15L/min～30L/min in the described welding method.
10. according to claim 1,2,3,4, the two-sided laser electrical arc complex welding method of 5 or 6 described slab T connectors, it is characterized in that: the gage of wire that adopts in the described welding method is between 1.0mm～1.6mm; The stem elongation degree of welding wire is between 15mm～25mm.
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