CN104772567A - Laser welding method capable of reducing defects of arc strike and arc suppression - Google Patents
Laser welding method capable of reducing defects of arc strike and arc suppression Download PDFInfo
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- CN104772567A CN104772567A CN201510195190.1A CN201510195190A CN104772567A CN 104772567 A CN104772567 A CN 104772567A CN 201510195190 A CN201510195190 A CN 201510195190A CN 104772567 A CN104772567 A CN 104772567A
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Abstract
The invention provides a laser welding method capable of reducing defects of arc strike and arc suppression. The laser welding method capable of reducing the defects of arc strike and arc suppression comprises a step 1 that laser irradiates from the arc strike end along the normal of base metal, the laser advances by the first set distance in the welding direction, the incidence direction of the laser is changed in a first set time period, and the incidence direction of the laser can form an obtuse angle with the welding direction; a step 2 that the laser advances by the welding direction at the arc suppression end, the incidence direction of the laser is changed in the second set distance, and an obtuse angle is formed between the incidence direction of the laser and the welding direction. According to the laser welding method, the purpose of improving the reliability of laser welding is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser weld field, specifically a kind of method for laser welding reducing the starting the arc and receive arc defect.
Background technology
The mode that current laser weld adopts usually has: thermal conductance weldering and deep penetration welding.Laser Deep Penetration Welding is when highdensity photon beam bombards, metal molten, along with the lasting input of energy, part metals is ionized, and then create metallic vapour, highdensity metallic vapour moment sprays to surrounding with ultrasonic speed, therefore creates huge recoil strength, is formed " aperture " of Laser Deep Penetration Welding.Wherein, when penetration, metallic vapour can increase an outlet of spraying to back of weld, thus metallic vapour group dense degree in " aperture " can increase along with across back ratio the ratio of back side width (the weld seam front with) and increase, but in the Laser Deep Penetration Welding of non-penetration, this spray regime causes the part metals steam in " aperture " cannot spray and accumulate in the root of " aperture " in the wire bonding seam back side, and along with welding is carried out, " aperture " be forward constantly, and part metals steam forms weld defect because can not get overflowing timely.
Under normal circumstances, Laser Deep Penetration Welding mainly adopts following two kinds of methods: one, in order to increase the absorptivity of laser as much as possible, and omnidistance employing laser vertical surface of the work technology in welding process; Its two, in order to reduce the reflection of laser, protection laser equipment, and adopts the mode of omnidistance laser oblique incidence.
In reality, these two kinds of techniques are adopted to weld, if its cross section macro morphology shows as lack of penetration feature, the lack of penetration built-up welding in surface, multiple tracks narrow gap welding and across back the ratio ratio of the width of sealing run (the fillet in normal shear width with) are greater than 1:1 full penetration etc., the porosity that its starting the arc and the root of weld receiving arc all show as is bigger than normal, what have even presents linear porosity, welding point standard can not be met, do not reach the requirement of Welding Structure mechanics and structural intergrity.
The shortcoming of prior art: 1, when in prior art, Laser Deep Penetration Welding is connected on the starting the arc and receives arc, basic maintenance laser and mother metal to be welded are that mutual plumbness distributes or equally with welding process keeps same angle of inclination, therefore macroscopically " aperture " of penetration fustion welding is also same distribution with mother metal, therefore when mother metal is not by through welding, " aperture " inner metallic vapour can strong injection and loss in a large number, but the steam loss for root can be subject to the obstruction in semi-solid molten bath and be difficult to effusion, therefore in welding process once form this type of vapor slugs, greatly will increase in welding point the possibility that can left behind and form gas hole defect.
2, in Laser Deep Penetration Welding termination process, the starting the arc end butt joint can form discontinuous matrix with the existence of receiving arc end connector root gas hole defect, obvious stress in joint therefore can be caused to concentrate, and then can cause the reduction greatly of joint dynamic load mechanical property.
3, the omnidistance vertical penetration fustion welding of laser increases the possibility that pore appears in weld seam receipts arc end, and omnidistance inclination can have little time backfill because receiving arc end molten pool metal and cause " misrun ", therefore will cause the generation of micro-crack.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome laser weld of the prior art at starting the arc end with receive the defect that arc end exists pore and micro-crack, the invention provides a kind of method for laser welding reducing the starting the arc and receive arc defect, reaching the object improving laser weld reliability.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of method for laser welding reducing the starting the arc and receive arc defect, the method for laser welding reducing the starting the arc and receive arc defect comprises the following steps: step 1, make laser at the normal incidence of starting the arc end along mother metal, and this laser to be advanced the first setpoint distance in welding direction, in the first setting-up time, change the incident direction of this laser subsequently, to make between the incident direction of this laser and welding direction in obtuse angle; Step 2, at this receipts arc end, this laser changes incident direction in the second setpoint distance of advancing along this welding direction, makes the incident direction of this laser and welding direction be acute angle.
Further, step 1 comprises: the first setting-up time is 0.05S.
Further, step 1 comprises: obtuse angle is 100 ° to 120 °.
Further, step 1 comprises: obtuse angle is 100 ° to 110 °.
Further, step 2 comprises: the incident direction changing laser in the second setting-up time, and the second setting-up time is 0.05S.
Further, this laser is 2.4m/s along the speed of welding of this welding direction.
Further, in step 2, acute angle is 80 ° to 90 °.
Further, the first setpoint distance is less than or equal to 3mm.
Further, the second setpoint distance is 3mm.
Further, the method for laser welding reducing the starting the arc and receipts arc defect adopts mechanical adjustment mode or galvanometer control methods to change the incident direction of laser.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, by changing the interaction angle between laser and mother metal at starting the arc end and receipts arc end, regulate and control the form of molten bath and aperture in welding process, thus solve in molten solder process easily in starting the arc end and the problem receiving arc end generation defect, avoid the instability occurring laser beam welding at starting the arc end and receipts arc end, reach the object improving laser weld reliability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The Figure of description forming a application's part is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and schematic description and description of the present invention, for explaining the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram according to method for laser welding of the present invention.
Reference numeral in figure: 10, mother metal; 11, starting the arc end; 12, arc end is received; 21, original incident direction; 22, oblique incidence direction; 24, arc incident direction is received; 30, normal.
Detailed description of the invention
It should be noted that, when not conflicting, the embodiment in the application and the feature in embodiment can combine mutually.Below with reference to the accompanying drawings and describe the present invention in detail in conjunction with the embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, embodiments provide a kind of method for laser welding reducing the starting the arc and receive arc defect, the method for laser welding reducing the starting the arc and receive arc defect comprises the following steps: step 1, make laser incident along the normal 30 of mother metal 20 at starting the arc end 11, and this laser to be advanced the first setpoint distance d1 in welding direction, in the first setting-up time, change the incident direction of this laser subsequently, to make between the incident direction of this laser and welding direction in obtuse angle (namely between the incident direction of this laser and laser welding head front in obtuse angle); Keep the incident direction of this laser in step 1 constant, and march to the section start receiving arc end 12 according to this welding direction; Step 2, at this receipts arc end 12, this laser changes incident direction in the second setpoint distance d2 that advances along this welding direction, makes the incident direction of this laser and welding direction be acute angle (namely between the incident direction of this laser and laser welding head front in acute angle).
By changing the interaction angle between laser and mother metal 10 at starting the arc end 11 and receipts arc end 12, regulate and control the form of molten bath and aperture in welding process, thus solve the problem easily producing defect in molten solder process at starting the arc end 11 and receipts arc end 12, avoid the instability occurring laser beam welding at starting the arc end 11 and receipts arc end 12, reach the object improving laser weld reliability.
Step 1 is specific as follows: as shown in Figure 1, at starting the arc end 11 (CD section), laser moves to D point with original incident direction 21 from the C point Fig. 1, and this original incident direction 21 is identical with the normal 30 of mother metal 10, and this laser is moving to D point distance from C point is d1.When this laser arrives D point place, start counter-clockwise transition incident angle one edge welding direction on one side to continue to advance, specifically this laser changes the oblique incidence direction 22 proceeding to E point into from the original incident direction 21 of D point, and the time that this laser marches to E point from D point is the first setting-up time.Wherein, the d1 distance in the present embodiment is for being less than or equal to 3mm, and the first setting-up time is less than or equal to 0.05S.Angle between above-mentioned oblique incidence direction 22 and original incident direction 21 is A, 10 °≤A≤30 °.Above-mentioned oblique incidence direction 22 is 100 ° to 120 ° with the angular range of welding direction.This welding direction is the direction from left to right of the arrow indication of top side in Fig. 1.
Then, this laser continues the point along welding direction towards F and advances after arrival E point, and in the process that this carries out, this laser keeps oblique incidence direction 22.
It should be noted that, when mother metal 10 chooses different materials, need the value according to the included angle A between the different corresponding adjustment oblique incidence direction 22 of the selection of mother metal 10 and original incident direction 21.Such as, choose laser weld fusion penetration when being less than the titanium alloy of 5mm, the span of included angle A is 10 ° to 30 °.Choose fusion penetration when being less than the stainless steel of 5mm, the span of included angle A is 10 ° to 30 °.Choose fusion penetration when being less than the aluminium alloy of 5mm, the span of included angle A is 10 ° to 20 °, corresponding, the corner dimension between oblique incidence direction 22 and welding direction is 100 ° to 110 °.Certainly, different metal according to different Physical Metallurgy characteristics, and then can change the angle in oblique incidence direction 22, regulates in welding process with this stability controlling pore.
Gain and the attenuation process of energy is had respectively at starting the arc end 11 and receipts arc end 12, therefore the absorption of laser is contributed in the vertical incidence of starting the arc end 11 laser, and form penetration fustion welding " aperture ", molten bath fast, but after it is formed and is less than " aperture " of 3mm, molten bath, adopt laser continuous tilt incident, formed and tilt " aperture ", change eruption direction and the eruption passage of metallic vapour, contribute to sending forth of metallic vapour.
Adopt the welding method changing the incident direction of laser instantaneously, laser energy can be allowed to be absorbed by metal material surface, and most of energy transferring direction is tended to and laser incident direction Electron absorption in the same way, and then form inclination " aperture " instantaneously, laser energy is allowed to be absorbed by metal material surface, and most of energy transferring direction is tended to and laser incident direction Electron absorption in the same way, and then form inclination " aperture ", angle of inclination is because titanium alloy, the surface tension of the welding pool that stainless steel and aluminium alloy are formed is larger, therefore need the angle of inclination comparatively large, and the surface tension in mild steel molten bath is smaller comparatively speaking, therefore the angle adopted can be suitable less.Even if the method has a small amount of pore to be submerged in not effusion in molten bath at starting the arc end 11, but also can more easily overflow when post laser follows up.
For the step 2 of the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, when keeping oblique incidence direction 22 constant when laser and advance to along welding direction the section start F point receiving arc end 12 (FG section), this laser starts clockwise transitions incident angle one edge welding direction on one side and continues to advance, specifically this laser changes the receipts arc incident direction 24 proceeding to G point into from the oblique incidence direction 22 of F point, and this laser is received arc and completed welding after arrival G point.The distance that this laser marches to G point from F point is d2, and the time that this laser marches to G point from F point is the second setting-up time.D1 distance is in the present embodiment for being less than or equal to 3mm, second setting-up time is for being less than or equal to 0.05S, included angle B between receipts arc incident direction 24 and the normal 30 of mother metal 10 is for being greater than 0 ° and being less than or equal to 10 °, corresponding, the acute angle size between receipts arc incident direction 24 and welding direction is for being more than or equal to 80 ° and being less than 90 °.
It should be noted that, the second setpoint distance d2 in the embodiment of the present invention is 3mm.Laser is 2.4m/s along the speed of welding of this welding direction.
Because the oblique incidence of laser before receipts arc end 12 can form inclination " aperture ", therefore: the part metals steam of " aperture " lower end of inclination can because of " axis " of " aperture " and welding direction also in obtuse angle this reason cause following problem (laser oblique incidence direction 22 and welding direction are in obtuse angle): first, the metallic vapour in aperture forward position cannot be able to be overflowed to because of mother metal 10 metal wall effect. secondly, " aperture " that obtuse angle tilts or be that " aperture " of vertical (angle between laser incident direction and mother metal 10) all can show and occur micro-crack because of " misrun " receiving arc end before always.But after the incident direction of laser is changed into receipts arc incident direction 24 instantaneously by original oblique incidence direction 22, " misrun " is decreased because molten bath obtains the timely backfill of metal, because also reduce the micro-crack receiving arc end 12, simultaneously because the transformation of laser incident direction; Finally, adopt acute angle incidence to contribute to receipts arc end (being less than 3mm) and merge and form " V " shape molten bath receiving the inclination before arc " aperture ", also the metallic vapour discharge channel of penetration fustion welding " aperture " root receiving arc end 12 is made to become unobstructed, more contribute to the loss of receiving arc end 12 place gas, therefore, the weld defect (crackle and pore) receiving arc end 12 is reduced.
Preferably, the method for laser welding of the reduction starting the arc in the embodiment of the present invention and receipts arc defect can adopt mechanical adjustment mode or galvanometer control methods to change the incident direction of laser.Especially under utilizing galvanometer to regulate and control, realize the deflection back and forth of laser beam, better effect can be obtained.The beat direction regulating and controlling laser beam in the above described manner can realize weld seam starting the arc end 11 and receive arc end 12 Low Defectivity.
It should be noted that, the reduction starting the arc mentioned by the embodiment of the present invention can also be derived with the method for laser welding receiving arc defect the penetration that electron beam deep penetration welding connects and other are similar and be welded (depth-to-width ratio is greater than 1:1) with non-penetration, and controls in slab narrow gap welding in the application of weld seam receipts arc end and starting the arc end defect.
From above description, can find out, the above embodiments of the present invention achieve following technique effect: by changing the interaction angle between laser and mother metal at starting the arc end and receipts arc end, regulate and control the form of molten bath and aperture in welding process, thus solve in molten solder process easily in starting the arc end and the problem receiving arc end generation defect, avoid the instability occurring laser beam welding at starting the arc end and receipts arc end, reach the object improving laser weld reliability.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. reduce a method for laser welding for the starting the arc and receipts arc defect, it is characterized in that, the method for laser welding of the described reduction starting the arc and receipts arc defect comprises the following steps:
Step 1, make laser at the normal incidence of starting the arc end along mother metal, and this laser to be advanced the first setpoint distance in welding direction, in the first setting-up time, change the incident direction of this laser subsequently, to make between the incident direction of this laser and welding direction in obtuse angle;
Step 2, at this receipts arc end, this laser changes incident direction in the second setpoint distance of advancing along this welding direction, makes the incident direction of this laser and welding direction be acute angle.
2. the method for laser welding of the reduction starting the arc according to claim 1 and receipts arc defect, it is characterized in that, step 1 comprises: described first setting-up time is 0.05S.
3. the method for laser welding of the reduction starting the arc according to claim 1 and receipts arc defect, it is characterized in that, step 1 comprises: described obtuse angle is 100 ° to 120 °.
4. the method for laser welding of the reduction starting the arc according to claim 1 and receipts arc defect, it is characterized in that, step 1 comprises: described obtuse angle is 100 ° to 110 °.
5. the method for laser welding of the reduction starting the arc according to claim 1 and receipts arc defect, it is characterized in that, step 2 comprises: the incident direction changing laser in the second setting-up time, and described second setting-up time is 0.05S.
6. the method for laser welding of the reduction starting the arc according to claim 1 and receipts arc defect, it is characterized in that, this laser is 2.4m/s along the speed of welding of this welding direction.
7. the method for laser welding of the reduction starting the arc according to claim 1 and receipts arc defect, it is characterized in that, in described step 2, described acute angle is 80 ° to 90 °.
8. the method for laser welding of the reduction starting the arc according to claim 1 and receipts arc defect, it is characterized in that, the first setpoint distance is less than or equal to 3mm.
9. the method for laser welding of the reduction starting the arc according to claim 1 and receipts arc defect, it is characterized in that, the second setpoint distance is 3mm.
10. the method for laser welding of the reduction starting the arc according to claim 1 and receipts arc defect, is characterized in that, the method for laser welding of the described reduction starting the arc and receipts arc defect adopts mechanical adjustment mode or galvanometer control methods to change the incident direction of laser.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107876979A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-04-06 | 江西恒动新能源有限公司 | A kind of power lithium-ion battery liquid injection port seals method for laser welding |
| CN111633303A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-09-08 | 北京卫星制造厂有限公司 | Aluminum alloy variable polarity plasma arc piercing welding arc starting and stopping quality control method and system |
| CN112108767A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-12-22 | 南京航空航天大学 | Method for eliminating defects of double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding receiving arc of aluminum alloy |
| CN112108768A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-12-22 | 南京航空航天大学 | Pulse laser conversion device and method for improving double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding receiving arc defects |
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| CN112108768A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-12-22 | 南京航空航天大学 | Pulse laser conversion device and method for improving double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding receiving arc defects |
| CN112108767B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2022-04-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Method for eliminating defects of double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding receiving arc of aluminum alloy |
| CN111633303A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-09-08 | 北京卫星制造厂有限公司 | Aluminum alloy variable polarity plasma arc piercing welding arc starting and stopping quality control method and system |
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Address after: 100024 North East military villa, eight Li bridge, Chaoyang District, Beijing Patentee after: China Institute of Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology Address before: 100024 North East military villa, eight Li bridge, Chaoyang District, Beijing Patentee before: Beijing Aviation Manufacturing Engineering Institute of China Aviation Industry Group Company |