CN114453746A - Aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure double-beam swinging laser filler wire cooperative welding method - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure double-beam swinging laser filler wire cooperative welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114453746A CN114453746A CN202111534061.2A CN202111534061A CN114453746A CN 114453746 A CN114453746 A CN 114453746A CN 202111534061 A CN202111534061 A CN 202111534061A CN 114453746 A CN114453746 A CN 114453746A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013000 roll bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/26—Seam welding of rectilinear seams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/067—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing
- B23K26/0673—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing into independently operating sub-beams, e.g. beam multiplexing to provide laser beams for several stations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
Abstract
The invention discloses a double-beam swinging laser filler wire cooperative welding method of an aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure, which comprises the following steps of: assembling a skin and a stringer, irradiating the positions to be welded obliquely from two sides of the stringer by using double-beam swinging laser, and forming a through molten pool or two independent molten pools at the welding positions so as to eliminate a T-shaped joint connection interface and form skin-stringer metallurgical bonding; in the welding process, the two laser beams can adopt O, 8, infinity and 8 or linear oscillation to generate stirring action on air holes in a molten pool and stabilize key holes so as to reduce the generation of air holes; and filling welding wires in the welding process, wherein the welding wires are positioned at the front ends of the static laser spots, the welding wires are melted and transited to a molten pool when absorbing the laser energy during swinging, and the melted welding wires fill the T-shaped joint to form a smoothly-transited welding line. The method for welding the aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure solves the problems of unstable welding wire dissolution, many process air holes, serious splashing and the like in the conventional laser wire filling welding of aluminum alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser filler wire welding processes, in particular to a high-quality laser filler wire welding process for an aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure.
Background
The aluminum alloy skin-truss type structure has the characteristics of light weight and high strength, and is widely applied to arc-shaped wall plate structures in the field of aerospace. Taking a wall plate of a storage tank barrel section as an example, the height of the reinforcing rib is within 10mm at present, and the problems of serious material waste, long processing period and the like exist by adopting a method of forming after integral machine milling. Especially for ribs with large height-thickness ratio, instability is easy to occur in the forming process. If the skin-stringer welding structure is adopted to replace an integral machine-milled wallboard, a large amount of material waste can be reduced, and the method has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and the like. The skin is only required to be welded with the stringer after roll bending forming to form a wallboard structure, so that the difficulty of integral forming of the high-rib wallboard is avoided.
The welding of the skin-stringer structural panels generally requires the interface of the stringers to be welded through, so that the welding difficulty gradually increases as the thickness of the stringers increases. At present, the welding method for the skin-stringer structure mainly has two forms, one is that the stringer is penetrated from the back of the skin, and the single-side welding and double-side forming are carried out; one is double-beam laser synchronous welding on both sides of the stringer. For penetration welding (CN111673219A) with the back of the skin, the welding thickness is limited to the thickness of the skin, the penetration depth is too deep, aluminum alloy with the thickness of the skin exceeding 5mm is not suitable, and the appearance of the skin is affected. The double-side laser synchronous welding process mainly has the problems of unstable welding wire fusion, overproof aluminum alloy welding air holes and the like. For unstable welding wire fusion, patent CN111745296A, the skin boss presetting method and the welding process thereof proposed replace wire feeding in the welding process. The method increases the processing difficulty of the skin part, has high requirement on the processing precision of the stringer mounting groove, and can generate deformation when the skin is rolled and bent to influence the mounting precision of the stringer. For aluminum alloy laser welding, as the keyhole is unstable and is easy to form a process air hole, no good solution is provided for air hole control of aluminum alloy skin-stringer laser welding at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a double-beam swinging laser filler wire cooperative welding method for an aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure, which solves the problems of full penetration, air holes, unstable welding wire fusion and the like of the aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a double-beam swinging laser filler wire cooperative welding method for an aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure, which comprises the following steps of: 1) assembling the skin and the stringer; 2) adjusting the incidence positions and incidence angles of two laser beam light spots on two sides of the stringer; 3) adjusting the wire feeding points on two sides of the stringer, wherein the wire feeding points are positioned on the intersection line of the laser light incident surface and the stringer and are positioned at the front end of the laser spot, and the distance is 0.5-1.5 mm; 4) adjusting the distance between light spots of two laser beams, starting the laser and feeding the wire for welding, wherein the two sides are welded synchronously, the two laser beams swing along a circular track in the welding process, and the two sides are protected by inert gas in the whole welding process; 5) and when the welding end point is reached, wire feeding is stopped firstly, then light emission is stopped, and the inert gas stays for at least 15 s.
The double-beam swinging laser wire filling cooperative welding method for the aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure is characterized in that in the step 1), the stringer is vertically erected on the upper surface of the skin, and is tightly pressed on the upper surface of the skin through a special tool, so that the gap between the stringer and the skin is not less than Min (0.1t, 0.3mm), and t is the thickness of the stringer.
According to the double-beam swinging laser filler wire cooperative welding method for the aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure, in the step 2), the laser beam spot incidence position is 0.1-0.3 mm higher than the intersection point of the skin and the stringer, the incidence angle beta is 25-35 degrees, and the defocusing amount is 0-3 mm.
According to the double-beam swinging laser filler wire cooperative welding method for the aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure, in the step 4), the distance between the light spots of the two laser beams is within 5-15 mm.
According to the double-beam swinging laser wire filling cooperative welding method for the aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure, in the step 4), the swinging amplitude of the laser beam is 0.8-1.6 mm, and the swinging frequency is 100-300 Hz.
In the step 4), in the welding process, the welding wire absorbs the energy of the swinging laser beam to melt and transit to a molten pool, a through molten pool or two independent molten pools are formed at the welding position, and after solidification, the skin-stringer form metallurgical bonding and the interface to be welded of the stringer is completely eliminated; the swinging laser beam generates stirring action on the air holes in the molten pool and stabilizes the keyhole so as to reduce the generation of the air holes; the melted welding wire fills the T-shaped joint to form a welding seam in smooth transition.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
1. the laser-synergetic welding joint on the two sides of the aluminum alloy skin-welding rod structure is completely welded, the porosity is low, the influence of the swinging laser beam on the in-situ plasma is eliminated, the keyhole is stabilized, and the process air holes of the aluminum alloy deep melting welding are reduced;
2. the laser swinging from two sides increases the heating area of the laser spot, and has obvious improvement effect on the heating effect of the welding seam, for example, the welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm can completely cover the end face of the welding wire through the swinging amplitude of the spot of 1.4 mm; compared with a non-swinging light spot (the diameter of the light spot is 0.4mm), the welding wire has higher fault tolerance and can also stabilize the fusion property of the welding wire;
3. the assembly structure of the skin and the stringer is simple, the skin does not need to be provided with a stringer mounting groove, and the roll bending forming efficiency and the precision are higher;
4. welding wire is filled in the welding process, alloy components of welding seams can be adjusted, the problem of burning loss of laser welding elements is solved, the joint strength of the welding seams can be adjusted, and metallurgical defects caused by component problems are effectively avoided.
Drawings
The invention provides a double-beam swinging laser filler wire cooperative welding method for an aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure, which is provided by the following embodiment and attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a double-beam swinging laser wire-filling cooperative welding method for an aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure according to an embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a stringer according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an incident angle and an incident position of a laser beam according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a laser incident surface and a wire feeding point according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of laser wobble according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a weld in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure double-beam swing laser filler wire cooperative welding method of the invention will be further described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 6.
Aiming at the problems of unstable welding wire fusion and overproof aluminum alloy welding air holes in the aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure laser welding, the invention provides a double-beam swinging laser wire filling cooperative welding method for the aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure, which can stabilize the welding key holes of the double-side laser welding after swinging at a certain frequency and amplitude by double-beam laser, and sharply reduce the welding process air holes; in addition, the swinging light beam improves the heating of the welding wire, reduces the requirement of the centering of the welding wire and the laser, improves the process applicability and improves the stability of the welding wire fusion.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a double-beam swinging laser wire-filling cooperative welding method for an aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure according to an embodiment of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for welding the aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure in cooperation with double-beam swing laser filler wires in the embodiment includes:
1) assembling the skin 1 and the stringer 2;
cleaning an oxidation film and oil stains in an area to be welded before assembly;
as shown in fig. 1, the stringer 2 is vertically erected on the upper surface of the skin 1, the stringer and the skin are connected by adopting a T-shaped joint, and the stringer 2 is tightly pressed on the upper surface of the skin 1 by a special tool, so that the gap between the stringer and the skin is less than or equal to 0.3 mm; two sides of the stringer 2 are respectively provided with a laser, and the lasers work on the same welding point simultaneously;
the section of the stringer is not limited to an I shape, and can also be T-shaped or inverted L-shaped, as shown in FIG. 2;
2) adjusting the incidence positions and incidence angles of two laser beams 4 on two sides of the stringer 2;
as shown in fig. 3, the incident position of the laser beam 4 is higher than the intersection point of the skin 1 and the stringer 2, the distance between the incident position and the intersection point of the skin 1 and the stringer 2 is d, d is 0.1mm to 0.3mm, the incident angle β is 25 ° to 35 °, and the defocusing amount is 0 to +3 mm;
the incidence positions and incidence angles of the two laser beam light spots are the same;
3) adjusting the wire feeding point positions of 3 welding wires on two sides of the stringer, wherein the wire feeding point positions on the intersection line of the laser incidence surface and the stringer and is 0.5-1.5 mm at the front end of a laser beam 4 light spot;
the laser entrance surface 6 is a plane where the laser axis and the welding direction are located, as shown in fig. 4;
the wire feeding positions of the welding wires on the two sides are the same;
4) adjusting the distance between the light spots of the two laser beams within 5-15 mm generally, starting the laser and the wire feeding to weld, forming a through molten pool or two independent molten pools at the welding position, forming metallurgical bonding on the skin and the stringer after solidification, and completely eliminating a T-shaped joint connection interface to form a weld joint appearance as shown in figure 4;
in the welding process, the two laser beams 4 swing along a certain track, which can be but is not limited to "O", "8", "infinity", "8" or a linear swing track, and fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a circular track, wherein the swing of the laser generates a stirring effect on a gas hole in a molten pool and stabilizes a keyhole to reduce the generation of the gas hole; the swing amplitude of the laser beam 4 is 0.8 mm-1.6 mm, and the swing frequency is 100 Hz-300 Hz; the welding wire absorbs the energy of the swinging laser beam to melt and transit to a molten pool, and the melted welding wire fills the T-shaped joint to form a smoothly-transiting welding seam, as shown in figure 6; both sides of the stringer are protected by inert gas 5 in the whole welding process, and both sides of the stringer are protected by inert gas 5;
the two sides are welded synchronously;
5) when the welding end point is reached, wire feeding is stopped firstly, then light emission is stopped, and protective gas (inert gas 5) stays for at least 15 s; the two sides are welded synchronously.
Compared with the process method of welding one side first and then welding the two sides, the double-beam swinging laser wire-filling welding method of the aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure can reduce welding deformation and reduce heat input due to relative synchronization of double beams of laser; and secondly, the addition of the swing laser greatly improves the manufacturability and welding quality of the laser welding of the aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure, such as improving the laser welding forming of the aluminum alloy, reducing air hole splashing and improving the fusion transition of welding wires, and has the characteristics of easy operation, high efficiency and high reliability.
According to the invention, the welding of the skin-stringer structure can be realized by matching double-beam swinging laser on two sides of a stringer with wire filling without processing a mounting groove and presetting a boss for the skin; the penetration depth of the laser on the two sides of the stringer can be completely melted through the interface of the stringer without being influenced by the thickness of the skin; the swinging light spots increase the action area of a heat source, improve welding wire fusion, reduce air holes, and have the advantages of high process applicability, good flexibility and the like.
Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The double-beam swinging laser filler wire cooperative welding method for the aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) assembling the skin and the stringer;
2) adjusting the incidence positions and incidence angles of two laser beam light spots on two sides of the stringer;
3) adjusting the wire feeding points on two sides of the stringer, wherein the wire feeding points are positioned on the intersection line of the laser light incident surface and the stringer and are positioned at the front end of the laser spot, and the distance is 0.5-1.5 mm;
4) adjusting the distance between light spots of two laser beams, starting the laser and feeding the wire for welding, wherein the two sides are welded synchronously, the two laser beams swing along a certain track in the welding process, and the two sides are protected by inert gas in the whole welding process;
5) and when the welding end point is reached, wire feeding is stopped firstly, then light emission is stopped, and the inert gas stays for at least 15 s.
2. The aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure double-beam swinging laser wire filling cooperative welding method of claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the stringer is vertically erected on the upper surface of the skin, the stringer and the skin are connected through a T-shaped joint, the stringer is tightly pressed on the upper surface of the skin through a special tool, the gap between the stringer and the skin is smaller than or equal to Min (0.1T, 0.3mm), and T is the thickness of the stringer.
3. The aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure double-beam swinging laser filler wire cooperative welding method of claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the incident position of a laser beam spot is 0.1mm to 0.3mm higher than the intersection point of the skin and the stringer, the incident angle beta is 25 degrees to 35 degrees, and the defocusing amount is 0mm to +3 mm.
4. The aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure double-beam swinging laser filler wire cooperative welding method of claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the distance between two laser beams is within 5-15 mm.
5. The double-beam swinging laser wire-filling cooperative welding method for the aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure in claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the swinging tracks of the two laser beams are "O", "8", "infinity", "8" or linear swinging tracks.
6. The aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure double-beam swinging laser filler wire cooperative welding method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the swinging amplitude of the laser beam is 0.8 mm-1.6 mm, and the swinging frequency is 100 Hz-300 Hz.
7. The aluminum alloy skin-stringer structure double-beam swinging laser wire filling cooperative welding method according to claim 2, characterized in that in the step 4), in the welding process, the welding wire absorbs the energy of the swinging laser beam to melt and transit to the molten pool, a through molten pool or two independent molten pools are formed at the welding position, after solidification, the skin-stringer forms metallurgical bonding, and the T-shaped joint connecting interface is completely eliminated; the swinging laser beam generates stirring action on the air holes in the molten pool and stabilizes the keyhole so as to reduce the generation of the air holes; the melted welding wire fills the T-shaped joint to form a smooth transition welding seam.
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CN115673569A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-02-03 | 长沙大科激光科技有限公司 | Medium plate swinging laser cutting method |
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CN115673569A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-02-03 | 长沙大科激光科技有限公司 | Medium plate swinging laser cutting method |
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