CN111515540B - Laser fuse welding device and welding method for two sides of thin plate T-shaped joint - Google Patents
Laser fuse welding device and welding method for two sides of thin plate T-shaped joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN111515540B CN111515540B CN202010339133.7A CN202010339133A CN111515540B CN 111515540 B CN111515540 B CN 111515540B CN 202010339133 A CN202010339133 A CN 202010339133A CN 111515540 B CN111515540 B CN 111515540B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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Abstract
A double-side laser fuse welding device and a welding method for a T-shaped joint of a thin plate are disclosed, the welding device comprises two sets of welding assemblies positioned on two sides of a vertical plate, each welding assembly comprises a laser, a TIG welding gun and a TIG power supply, laser beams are irradiated on a joint of one side of the vertical plate and one side of a bottom plate to form a keyhole and a molten pool, a fuse wire electric arc is formed between the welding wire and the end part of the TIG welding gun, the fuse wire electric arc is not in contact with the vertical plate, the bottom plate and the molten pool, and liquid metal formed by melting of the welding wire enters the molten pool through a reserved fine seam between the vertical plate and the bottom plate. According to the invention, the welding wires are respectively melted by adopting the electric arcs with small energy at the two sides of the vertical plate, the base metal is melted by another laser beam with large energy to form the keyhole, the molten metal formed by melting the welding wires enters the keyhole through the gap between the vertical plate and the bottom plate, and the welding wires are melted by the electric arcs with small energy and then are far away from the keyhole, so that the impact on the keyhole can be avoided, the welding stability is improved, and the welding seam quality is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a device and a method for welding a thin-plate T-shaped joint through laser fuses on two sides.
Background
The T-shaped joint is formed by welding a bottom plate and a vertical plate vertically arranged in the middle of the bottom plate, has a T-shaped section, and is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace and the like. The laser welding has the advantages of large fusion depth, small deformation, high welding efficiency and the like, and is applied to the welding of the T-shaped joint of the thin plate. However, the tolerance of laser welding to the seam gap is small, when the gap is too large or the gap is not uniform, welding defects such as breakdown and welding leakage are easy to occur, and the quality of the welding seam is affected, so that welding wires need to be added to improve the tolerance to the seam gap.
The Chinese patent 'laser filler wire welding method for marine aluminum alloy T-shaped section' published as 2007.08.01 discloses that welding is carried out by utilizing a laser filler wire welding process on one side of a vertical plate and one side of a bottom plate, and after the welding is finished, welding is carried out on the other side of the vertical plate and the other side of the bottom plate by utilizing the same laser filler wire welding process. However, the method for forming the T-shaped joint by two times of welding has the disadvantages of low welding efficiency, more welding processes, easy generation of problems of weld stress concentration, weld deformation and the like, and influence on the quality of the weld.
The chinese patent publication 2019.01.15 entitled "a T-joint dual-beam filler wire welding process regulating device and welding method" discloses two sets of laser filler wire welding devices respectively positioned at two sides of a vertical plate weld joint for synchronous welding. However, in this method, the laser beam is required to melt the welding wire as well as to form the keyhole and the weld puddle, and when the material of the aluminum alloy to be welded is a solid welding wire, the reflectivity to the laser beam is very high, which not only reduces the welding efficiency, but also affects the stability of the laser energy applied to the welded workpiece. Because the welding wire is required to be melted by the laser beam, the welding wire must be sent to the edge of the keyhole, and the molten welding wire is directly filled with the liquid metal into the keyhole, so that the impact on the keyhole can be caused, the stability of the keyhole is influenced, even the keyhole is closed to generate welding bubbles, and finally a welding seam air hole is formed, and the quality of a welding seam is influenced. When high-speed welding is carried out, because the welding speed is high and the diameter of a laser beam spot is small (generally 0.2 mm), the effect of welding wire melting can be influenced by slight fluctuation of the welding wire, so that the condition that the welding wire is not completely melted easily occurs, the condition that undercut welding seam forming is poor occurs on the surface of the welding seam, and the influence on the quality of the welding seam is great.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that welding wires are not fully melted and key holes fluctuate greatly in the process of laser wire filling welding on the two sides of a thin plate T-shaped joint and the quality of welding seams is finally affected, the invention provides a welding device and a welding method for laser wire melting on the two sides of a thin plate T-shaped joint.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a two side laser fuse welding set of sheet metal T type joint, this welding set includes two sets of the same welding subassembly, and when welding T type joint, these two sets of welding subassemblies are in the both sides of riser respectively, and each set of welding subassembly includes laser instrument, TIG welder and the TIG power supply that produces the laser beam, and each set of laser beam irradiation in the welding subassembly is in one side combination department of riser and bottom plate to form keyhole and molten bath in this department, TIG welder's negative pole is connected with TIG welder, and the positive pole is connected with the welding wire, thereby forms the fuse arc between the tip of welding wire and TIG welder, and fuse arc and riser, bottom plate and molten bath three all do not contact, and make the liquid metal that the welding wire melting formed enter into the molten bath through the slit that reserves between riser and the bottom plate.
As an optimized scheme of the welding device, the width of the reserved fine seam between the vertical plate and the bottom plate is 0.01-0.2mm, so that the fine seam forms a capillary attraction effect on liquid metal formed by melting a welding wire.
As another optimization scheme of the welding device, the distance between the fuse wire arc and the vertical plate is 3-5mm, the distance between the fuse wire arc and the bottom plate is 3-5mm, and the distance between the fuse wire arc and the molten pool is 0.2-1.6 mm.
As another optimization scheme of the welding device, the welding speed of each group of the welding assemblies is 6-20 m/min.
As another optimization scheme of the welding device, the welding wire is fed by a wire feeding mechanism.
The welding method of the double-side laser fuse welding device for the thin plate T-shaped joint comprises the following steps of:
1) carrying out surface treatment on the vertical plate and the bottom plate to remove surface impurities;
2) the vertical plate and the bottom plate are arranged into a T-shaped joint and fixed by a welding fixture, and a thin seam is reserved between the vertical plate and the bottom plate;
3) two groups of welding assemblies are arranged on two sides of the vertical plate according to the description, and then a laser, a TIG power supply and a wire feeding mechanism are started to carry out wire feeding welding.
As an optimized scheme of the welding method, during welding, argon or helium is sprayed above the molten pool 7 to serve as anti-oxidation protective gas, and the gas flow is 10-30L/min.
As an optimized proposal of the welding method, the distance D between the laser beam and the tungsten needle of the TIG welding gun is adopted during the weldingLA1-10mm, and the distance h between a TIG welding gun and the skin1Is 2-8mm, theta1The included angle between the welding wire and the skin is 10-60 degrees and beta1The included angle between a TIG welding gun and a skin is 40-80 degrees, the included angle alpha between a laser beam and a T-shaped joint stud is 40-80 degrees, and the included angle theta between a welding wire and the T-shaped joint stud210-60 degrees, and the included angle beta between the TIG welding gun and the T-shaped joint stud2Is 40-80 degrees.
The devices used in the invention, such as a laser, two TIG power supplies, two TIG welding guns, a base metal (a vertical plate and a bottom plate), a wire feeding device, a shielding gas device and the like, are all the prior art. The laser type can be selected from Nd: YAG laser, CO2Laser, fiber laser.
The T-shaped joint of the thin plate is a joint with a T-shaped section formed by welding a bottom plate and a vertical plate, and the thickness of the thin plate is not more than 5 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) according to the invention, the welding wires are respectively melted by adopting small-energy electric arcs on the two sides of the vertical plate, the other beam of laser with large energy melts the base metal to form the keyhole, the molten metal formed by melting the welding wires enters the keyhole through the gap between the vertical plate and the bottom plate, and the welding wires are melted by the small-energy electric arcs and then are far away from the keyhole, so that the impact on the keyhole can be avoided, the welding stability is improved, and the welding seam quality is further improved;
2) Because the vertical plate and the bottom plate are reserved with a tiny gap before welding, liquid metal formed after an electric arc generated between the TIG welding gun and a welding wire melts the welding wire can continuously flow into a molten pool by virtue of the capillary action of the gap, and because the welding wire is melted before being fed into the molten pool, the situation that the undercut weld joint forming is poor on the surface of the weld joint due to insufficient melting of the welding wire can be avoided by carrying out high-speed welding; the reserved gap can also improve the penetration rate of laser, so that the energy utilization rate of the laser is improved, and the penetration of a welding seam is ensured;
3) because the electric arc is generated between the TIG welding gun and the welding wire, the electric arc does not directly act on the welding base metal, thereby reducing the heat input to the base metal, greatly reducing the deformation of the joint, ensuring that the crystal grains of the welding seam structure of the base metal are fine and improving the mechanical property.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the welding operation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a TIG welding gun, a welding wire, a laser beam and a base plate in positional relationship;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of the position relationship of the TIG welding gun, the welding wire, the laser beam and the vertical plate;
FIG. 4 is a cross-section of a weld seam of a conventional double-sided laser filler wire welding process;
FIG. 5 is a cross-section of a weld of the present invention;
Reference numerals are as follows: 1. the device comprises a laser beam, 2, a TIG welding gun, 3, a wire feeding mechanism, 4, a welding wire, 5, a fuse wire arc, 6, a keyhole, 7, a molten pool, 8, a vertical plate, 9, a bottom plate, 10 and a TIG power supply.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, and specific structures of a laser, a TIG power supply, a TIG welding gun, a wire feeding mechanism, etc., which are not specifically described in the following embodiments of the present invention, are all known in the art, and are not described herein again.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the welding device for the laser fuse wire on the two sides of the thin plate T-shaped joint comprises two sets of identical welding assemblies, and when welding the T-shaped joint, the two sets of welding assemblies are respectively positioned at two sides of the vertical plate 8, each set of welding assembly comprises a laser for generating a laser beam 1, a TIG welding gun 2 and a TIG power supply 10, the laser beam 1 in each set of welding assembly is irradiated at the joint of one side of the vertical plate 8 and one side of the bottom plate 9, a keyhole 6 and a molten pool 7 are formed at the position, the negative pole of the TIG power supply 10 is connected with the TIG welding gun 2, the positive pole is connected with the welding wire 4, so that a fuse wire arc 5 is formed between the welding wire 4 and the end part of the TIG welding gun 2, the fuse wire arc 5 is not contacted with the vertical plate 8, the bottom plate 9 and the molten pool 7, and liquid metal formed by melting the welding wire 4 enters the molten pool 7 through a reserved slit between the vertical plate 8 and the bottom plate 9.
The welding method of the laser fuse welding device for the two sides of the thin plate T-shaped joint comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out surface treatment on the vertical plate 8 and the bottom plate 9 to remove surface impurities;
2) the vertical plate 8 and the bottom plate 9 are placed into a T-shaped joint shape and fixed by a welding fixture, and a thin seam is reserved between the vertical plate 8 and the bottom plate 9;
3) two sets of welding assemblies are placed on both sides of the vertical plate 8 as described above, and then the laser, the TIG power supply 10, and the wire feeder are started to perform wire feed welding.
Example 2
In this embodiment, which is an optimized and limited solution for the solution of embodiment 1, the width of the reserved thin seam between the vertical plate 8 and the bottom plate 9 is preferably 0.01-0.2mm, so that the thin seam forms a capillary attraction effect on the liquid metal formed by melting the welding wire 4.
In the present embodiment, the width of the reserved slit between the vertical plate 8 and the bottom plate 9 is more preferably 0.01-0.1 mm.
Example 3
The embodiment is another optimized and limited scheme for the scheme of embodiment 1, the distance between the fuse arc 5 and the vertical plate 8 is 3-5mm, the distance between the fuse arc 5 and the bottom plate 9 is 3-5mm, and the distance between the fuse arc 5 and the molten pool 7 is 0.2-1.6 mm.
Example 4
The embodiment is another optimized and limited scheme for the scheme of the embodiment 1, and the welding speed of each group of the welding assemblies is 6-20m/min, which is obviously improved compared with the prior art.
Example 5
The present embodiment is another optimized and limited solution for the solution of embodiment 1, and the wire feeding mechanism 3 controls the wire feeding of the welding wire 4.
Example 6
In the embodiment, another optimized and limited scheme is performed on the scheme of the embodiment 1, during welding, argon or helium is sprayed above the molten pool 7 to serve as anti-oxidation protective gas, and the gas flow is 10-30L/min.
Example 3
This embodiment is another optimized and limited solution to the solution of embodiment 1, and during the welding, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the distance D between the laser beam 1 and the tungsten needle of the TIG welding gun 2LA1-10mm, and the distance h between the TIG welding gun 2 and the bottom plate 912-8mm, and the included angle theta between the welding wire 4 and the bottom plate 9110 degrees to 60 degrees, and the included angle beta between the TIG welding gun 2 and the bottom plate 91Is 40 degrees to 80 degrees, the included angle alpha between the laser beam 1 and the vertical plate 8 is 40 degrees to 80 degrees, and the included angle theta between the welding wire 4 and the vertical plate 8210 degrees to 60 degrees, and the included angle beta between the TIG welding gun 2 and the vertical plate 82Is 40-80 degrees.
Comparative experiment:
compared with the welding method of the invention, the method for welding the T-shaped joint by adopting the conventional double-side laser filler wire welding process has the advantages that under the condition of the same welding parameters, the cross sections of the welding seams of the two are respectively shown in figures 4 and 5, and the figures obviously show that the welding seam of the conventional welding method is asymmetric in forming and has undercut defects (mainly because the welding wire needs energy melting of laser beams, the welding wire is generally sent to the edge of a keyhole, so that the impact on the keyhole can cause welding defects, and the stability of laser energy transmission can be influenced), and the welding seam of the invention is good in forming.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a two side laser fuse welding set of sheet metal T type joint, this welding set include two sets of the same welding subassemblies, and when the welding T type connects, these two sets of welding subassemblies are in the both sides of riser (8) respectively, and every set of welding subassembly includes laser instrument, TIG welder (2) and TIG power (10) that produce laser beam (1), its characterized in that: laser beams (1) in each set of welding assembly irradiate the joint of one side of the vertical plate (8) and one side of the bottom plate (9) and form a keyhole (6) and a molten pool (7) at the joint, the negative electrode of the TIG power supply (10) is connected with the TIG welding gun (2), and the positive electrode of the TIG power supply is connected with the welding wire (4), so that a fuse wire electric arc (5) is formed between the welding wire (4) and the end part of the TIG welding gun (2), the fuse wire (5) is not in contact with the vertical plate (8), the bottom plate (9) and the molten pool (7), and liquid metal formed by melting the welding wire (4) enters the molten pool (7) through a reserved slit between the vertical plate (8) and the bottom plate (9); the width of a reserved slit between the vertical plate (8) and the bottom plate (9) is 0.01-0.2mm, so that the slit can form a capillary attraction effect on liquid metal formed by melting the welding wire (4); the distance between the fuse wire electric arc (5) and the vertical plate (8) is 3-5mm, the distance between the fuse wire electric arc (5) and the bottom plate (9) is 3-5mm, and the distance between the fuse wire electric arc (5) and the molten pool (7) is 0.2-1.6 mm.
2. The double-sided laser fuse welding device for the T-shaped joint of the thin plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the welding speed of each group of welding assemblies is 6-20 m/min.
3. The double-sided laser fuse welding device for the T-shaped joint of the thin plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the welding wire (4) is controlled by the wire feeding mechanism (3) to feed wires.
4. The welding method of the double-sided laser fuse welding device for the T-shaped joints of the thin plates as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) carrying out surface treatment on the vertical plate (8) and the bottom plate (9) to remove surface impurities;
2) the vertical plate (8) and the bottom plate (9) are placed into a T-shaped joint shape and fixed by a welding fixture, and a thin seam is reserved between the vertical plate (8) and the bottom plate (9);
3) two groups of welding assemblies are arranged on two sides of a vertical plate (8), and then a laser, a TIG power supply (10) and a wire feeding mechanism (3) are started to carry out wire feeding welding.
5. The welding method of the double-sided laser fuse welding device for the T-shaped joints of the thin plates as claimed in claim 4, wherein: during welding, argon or helium is sprayed above the molten pool (7) as an anti-oxidation protective gas, and the gas flow is 10-30L/min.
6. The welding method of the double-sided laser fuse welding device for the T-shaped joints of the thin plates as claimed in claim 4, wherein: During welding, the distance D between the laser beam (1) and the tungsten needle of the TIG welding gun (2)LA1-10mm, and the distance h between the TIG welding gun (2) and the bottom plate (9)12-8mm, and the included angle theta between the welding wire (4) and the bottom plate (9)1Is 10-60 degrees, and the included angle beta of the TIG welding gun (2) and the bottom plate (9)1Is 40 degrees to 80 degrees, the included angle alpha between the laser beam (1) and the vertical plate (8) is 40 degrees to 80 degrees, and the included angle theta between the welding wire (4) and the vertical plate (8)210 degrees to 60 degrees, and the included angle beta between the TIG welding gun (2) and the vertical plate (8)2Is 40-80 degrees.
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| CN112475540B (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2022-07-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Welding method for inhibiting cracks of aluminum alloy T-shaped joint |
| CN113182689A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-30 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Titanium alloy angle joint welding method based on double-beam laser |
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| CN115740701A (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2023-03-07 | 张家港市海星集装箱制造有限公司 | Laser induction-double-path MAG container fillet weld welding method and device |
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