CN201871876U - Low-deformation high-quality high-efficiency welding device of aluminum alloy thin plate T-type joint - Google Patents

Low-deformation high-quality high-efficiency welding device of aluminum alloy thin plate T-type joint Download PDF

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CN201871876U
CN201871876U CN 201020281492 CN201020281492U CN201871876U CN 201871876 U CN201871876 U CN 201871876U CN 201020281492 CN201020281492 CN 201020281492 CN 201020281492 U CN201020281492 U CN 201020281492U CN 201871876 U CN201871876 U CN 201871876U
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welding
laser
arc
short circuiting
electric arc
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林尚扬
王旭友
雷振
王威
黄瑞生
吴艳明
滕彬
上官媛媛
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HARBIN INST OF WELDING ACADEMY OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
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HARBIN INST OF WELDING ACADEMY OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
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Abstract

The utility model provides a low-deformation high-quality high-efficiency welding device of an aluminum alloy thin plate T-type joint, which belongs to the low-deformation high-quality high-efficiency light sheet metal welding technical field. The welding device in the utility model mainly comprises two independent laser-accurately controlled waveform short circuit transfer electric arc composite heat sources which are applied for performing double-face welding on the two sides of a reinforcing plate (1). The accurately controlled waveform electric arc is enabled to prevent welding splash generation when a short circuit transfer occurs by controlling the current and voltage waveforms generated during a droplet short circuit transfer and ensuring that the welding current is kept at a small value when the droplet bridge is cut. The spacing between the two laser beams (4) (11) and the welding wire filling speed are controlled within a range. The included angles between the arc-welding guns (5) (10) and the base plate (2) and the included angles between the laser beams (4) (11) and the base plate (2) are reasonably matched. Thus a splash-free, low-deformation and low-weight-gain T-type joint is obtained. The welding device in the utility model is suitably applied for high-quality welding of T-type joints of aluminum alloys and other light sheet metals.

Description

A kind of aluminium alloy sheet T connector that is used for does not have the low device that is out of shape high-quality and efficient welding that splashes
Affiliated technical field:
The utility model proposes a kind of device that the aluminium alloy sheet T connector does not have the high-quality and efficient welding of low distortion of splashing that is used for, the high-quality and efficient welding technology field of low distortion that belongs to the light metal thin plate, this device specially refers to laser and accurately the Waveform Control short circuiting transfer is electric arc combined under the situation of seldom filling metal, realizes that distortion is splashed, hanged down to efficient, the nothing of aluminium alloy sheet T connector, low weightening finish is welded.
Background technology:
The high-quality and efficient low distortion welding of thin plate aluminum alloy T type joint is the technical barrier of welding field always.Fill silk traditional arc-welding welder such as weldering, MIG arc-welding and method of TIG is difficult to realize that high-quality and efficient, the low-heat input of aluminium alloy sheet T connector, low distortion weld.At first be because the thermal conductivity factor of aluminium alloy and linear expansion coefficient big (thermal conductivity factor and linear expansion coefficient are about 3 times and 2 times of steel respectively) make that aluminium alloy heat conduction is fast and welding deformation tendentiousness is big.Must adopt the fusion penetration and the spreadability that guarantee weld seam than the bigger sweating heat input of welding same thickness steel during welding, so big sweating heat input will inevitably increase welding deformation, and cause the softening of welding point, therefore adopt traditional arc-welding to carry out very difficulty of the high-quality of aluminium alloy sheet T connector, low distortion welding.Especially extremely difficult especially for the low distortion welding of the aluminium alloy sheet T connector of thickness≤2mm.Secondly, for traditional MIG arc-welding, in order to obtain the good T type angle welding of spreadability, must adopt bigger welding conditions, just mean that also wire feed rate is bigger, the filling amount of metal that melts in the welding process is more, the member (as the wallboard of arch high over) of and a large amount of uses higher to lightweight requirements for some, the weightening finish of postwelding structural member is obvious, and this is also to be another weak point of traditional MIG arc-welding.Moreover another deficiency of traditional arc-welding is exactly that welding efficiency is relatively low, and postwelding joint softening serious (tensile strength of as-welded joint only be usually strength of parent 60%~80%).
Accurately the short circuiting transfer arc welding equipment and the technology of Waveform Control are by the short circuiting transfer current waveform is accurately controlled on the basis of traditional consumable electrode short circuiting transfer arc-welding, the generation of spatter during with the inhibition short circuiting transfer, and a class consumable electrode arc-welding new technology of assurance welding process stability.Current, " cold metal transition " technology (Cold Metal Transfer, abbreviation CMT), surface tension transitional technology (Surface Tension Transfer, abbreviation STT), control liquid bridge transition technology (Controlled Bridge Transfer, be called for short CBT) and cold welding technology (Cold Arc is called for short CA) all belong to advanced accurate Waveform Control short circuiting arc welding technology.Compare with traditional consumable electrode arc-welding, the outstanding advantage of such welder and method be mainly reflected in sweating heat input low, does not almost have splash, welding process stability height.Because the welding of such arc welding method input is low, compare with traditional arc-welding, when the welding aluminum alloy thin plate, be easier to realize to welding deformation control, more shallow relatively and weld seam is sprawled bad problem but the reduction of sweating heat input has brought weld penetration, cause the reasonable balance that is difficult to realize welding deformation, weld seam penetration and appearance of weld when utilizing such welder and method welding aluminum alloy light sheet T type joint, the short circuiting transfer welding technology of therefore accurate Waveform Control also can't be realized high-quality and efficient, the low distortion welding of aluminium alloy sheet T connector.Realize the necessary more concentrated high-speed welding method of a kind of heat-source energy that adopts of efficient, low distortion welding of aluminium alloy sheet T connector.
Laser soldering device and technology are current application high energy beam solder technology more and more widely, have advantages such as heat-source energy is concentrated, speed of welding is high, welding deformation is little, welding seam deep width ratio is big.But the laser weld aluminium alloy also has some shortcomings, thereby makes the application of laser welding technology in the welding of aluminium alloy vitals be restricted.This be because: on the one hand, the solid aluminium alloy is very high to the reflectivity of laser, and when the laser weld aluminium alloy, most of laser energy is reflected, utilization ratio of laser energy is very low, and the laser that is reflected in a large number may also can cause damage to operating personnel and laser equipment; On the other hand, in the laser beam welding, the laser of high-energy-density can cause a large amount of evaporations and the scaling loss of some element in the aluminium alloy, appearance of weld is coarse and can produce a large amount of pores and pit, appearance of weld is poor, the pore of face of weld and pit may become potential fatigue crack source under moving load condition, have a strong impact on the dynamic load performance of joint.Wire filling laser welding be a kind of on the basis of laser welding process by synchronous filler wire, and utilize laser energy wire melting to be realized a kind of welder and the technology of welding in the laser weld molten bath.Compare with independent laser weld aluminium alloy, wire filling laser welding can effectively improve the appearance of weld of aluminium alloy, has obtained certain application at present in the welding of aluminium alloy sheet T connector.But, utilize wire filling laser welding welding aluminum alloy light sheet T type joint also exist low such as utilization ratio of laser energy, speed of welding obviously reduces, weld seam occurs in the toe of weld position easily that stress is concentrated, easily there are deficiencies such as a large amount of pores in the root of weld, these deficiencies are determined by the inherent characteristics of wire filling laser welding own, therefore are difficult to overcome fully.
Solve the high-quality of aluminium alloy sheet T connector, efficiently, low distortion solder technology problem, it is fast to develop a kind of speed of welding, heat-source energy is concentrated, the sweating heat input is low, appearance of weld is good, the filling amount of metal of unit length weld seam is little, spatter is little, the welding new equipment that welding process stability is high, and heat-source energy is concentrated, weld penetration is big, speed of welding is fast, Laser Welding and spatter that welding deformation is little are few, the arc stability height, the welding that the relatively low accurate Waveform Control short circuiting transfer arc-welding composite heat source device of sweating heat input can be the aluminium alloy sheet T connector provides a perfect technical solution.
Summary of the invention:
For the high-quality that solves the aluminium alloy sheet T connector of mentioning in the above-mentioned technical background, efficient, a low distortion solder technology difficult problem, the utility model provides a kind of device that the aluminium alloy sheet T connector does not have the high-quality and efficient welding of low distortion of splashing that is used for.Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
1, a kind of aluminium alloy sheet T connector that is used for does not have the low device that is out of shape high-quality and efficient welding that splashes, and it is characterized in that:
(1), two independently Waveform Control short circuiting transfer arc composite heat source devices of laser-accurately are set respectively in the both sides of the gusset of T connector, this composite heat source device also can be arranged on the one-sided of gusset separately, carries out one-sided welding;
(2), in every suit composite heat power supply, the electric arc compound with laser is the short circuiting transfer electric arc of accurate Waveform Control, be characterized in detection and feedback processing by the signal of telecommunication before the welding process short circuiting transfer is taken place, welding current and voltage waveform when accurately the control short circuiting transfer takes place, make molten drop liquid bridge break and carry out the transition to the moment in molten bath, welding current is maintained very little value, and the spatter when taking place to reduce short circuiting transfer produces;
(3), the laser beam of the Waveform Control short circuiting transfer arc composite heat sources of two laser-accurately apart from interval D 1Between 5mm~200mm; The spacing distance D of the spot of the laser beam of gusset both sides and the electric arc of corresponding with it aluminium alloy welding wire 2Be 1mm~4mm;
(4), in each laser-accurate Waveform Control short circuiting transfer arc composite heat source, aluminium alloy welding wire adopts the less wire feed rate of 1.0m/min~5.0m/min, the speed of welding of coupling 2.0m/min~5.0m/min, when speed of welding was fast, corresponding wire feed rate was slightly higher;
(5), accurately Waveform Control the arc-welding welding gun respectively and the angle α between the T connector substrate 2 be 45 ° ± 15 °, and laser beam respectively with the angle of T connector substrate 2 in 15 °~45 ° scopes.
2, there is not the low device that is out of shape high-quality and efficient welding that splashes according to the above-mentioned aluminium alloy sheet T connector that is used for, two cover laser-accurate Waveform Control short circuiting transfer arc composite heat source is two separate composite heat power supplies, the laser instrument that is adopted can be two separate laser instruments, also can be by beam splitting system laser energy to be divided into 50%+50%, use for two composite heat power supplies respectively by a laser instrument; The laser instrument that uses can be Nd:YAG laser instrument, dish-like laser instrument, optical fiber laser, semiconductor laser or CO 2Laser instrument.
3, do not have the low device that is out of shape high-quality and efficient welding that splashes according to the above-mentioned aluminium alloy sheet T connector that is used for, the accurate Waveform Control short circuiting transfer electric arc compound with laser can be CMT electric arc, STT electric arc, CBT electric arc or CA electric arc.
The utility model is compared with background technology, its outstanding advantage is: welder of the present utility model can realize under the speed of welding of 2m/min~5m/min that thickness is the low distortion welding of 1mm~4mm aluminium alloy sheet T connector, whole welding process does not almost have the generation of splashing, can obtain at toe of weld position formation rounding off and the splendid weld seam of appearance of weld, the welding heat affected zone that obtains T type angle joint does not have obviously softening, and the weightening finish of postwelding T connector seldom, and per unit length weld seam gain in weight only is 1/7 of conventional MIG weldering.Welder of the present utility model is applicable to the high-quality welding of aluminium alloy and other light metal light sheet T type joints.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 be a kind of aluminium alloy sheet T connector that the utility model proposes do not have the high-quality and efficient welder of low distortion that splashes the locus schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the front view of welder of the present utility model in welding direction;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of welder of the present utility model in welding direction.
As shown in Figure 1, the welder that the utility model proposes comprises: the gusset 1 of T-shaped welding point, the substrate 2 of T-shaped welding point; Be positioned at the weld seam 7 of Laser output camera lens 3, laser beam 4, arc-welding welding gun 5, aluminium alloy welding wire 6 and the composite heat power supply welding formation of gusset 1 one sides; Be positioned at weld seam 8, aluminium alloy welding wire 9, arc-welding welding gun 10, laser beam 11 and the Laser output camera lens 12 of the composite heat power supply formation of gusset opposite side.
Fig. 2 represents arc- welding welding gun 5,10 and laser beam 4,11 locus, arc- welding welding gun 5 and 10 lays respectively at the both sides of gusset 1 and is 45 ° ± 15 ° with the angle α of substrate 2 respectively, and the both sides that laser beam 4 and 11 lays respectively at gusset 1 equally are 15 °~45 ° with the angle theta of substrate 2 respectively also.
Fig. 3 represents to be positioned at the electric arc that the aluminium alloy welding wire 6 of gusset the same side forms and does not overlap with the spot of laser beam 4, between the two on welding direction apart from interval d2Be 1mm~4mm, all fours with it, the electric arc that forms at the aluminium alloy welding wire 9 of gusset 1 opposite side and the spot of laser beam 11 on welding direction apart from interval d2Also be 1mm~4mm. The laser beam 4 that is positioned at gusset 1 both sides and the LASER SPECKLE of laser beam 11 on welding direction apart from interval d1Be 5mm~200mm, mean that namely two laser-accurately the distance of Waveform Control short circuit arc in GMAW composite heat power supply is spaced apart 5mm~200mm.
Two laser-accurately Waveform Control short circuit arc in GMAW composite heat power supply adopts above-mentioned d1=5mm~200mm apart from the interval, on the one hand for fear of too closely causing the perforation in two weld seam molten baths to produce the burn-through defective because of the interval, in order to take full advantage of first welding line to the heating effect of gusset, improve welding thermal efficiency and the spreadability thereof of rear road weld seam on the other hand.
Each laser-accurately Waveform Control short circuit arc in GMAW composite heat power supply adopts the littler wire feed rate of .0m/min~5.0m/min, the speed of welding of coupling 2.0m/min~5.0m/min, and when speed of welding was fast, corresponding wire feed rate was slightly higher; 1., can effectively control the metal filled amount of unit length weld seam its beneficial effect is:, reduce the weightening finish of postwelding joint; 2., the sweating heat that adopts littler wire feed rate can reduce electric arc is imported the minimizing welding deformation; 3., under the effect of laser, be easy to obtain form in the toe of weld position weld seam of rounding off, reduce the stress of toe of weld position and concentrate.
Control respectively arc- welding welding gun 5,10 and the angle α of substrate 2 and laser beam 4,11 and the angle theta of substrate 2, its beneficial effect is: when laser beam 4,11 and during the angle littler (less than 45 °) of substrate 2, on the one hand, guarantee easily the penetration of gusset 1; On the other hand, prevent because of laser beam 4,11 and excessive postwelding substrate 2 back sides that cause of substrate 2 angles obvious welding heat affected distortion vestige appears.
The specific embodiment:
Testing used laser instrument is Trudisk6002 dish laser instrument, maximum rated power 6kW, and output optical maser wavelength is 1.03 μ m, can divide two-way to export the laser of equal-wattage simultaneously by beam splitting system control; Arc power is TPS4000CMT digitlization accurate Waveform Control short circuiting arc welding power supply and the wire-feed motor that Austrian Fonius company produces; Used test material is 5083 and 6061 aluminium alloy sheets of thickness 2mm, and wherein, the specification of gusset is 300mm * 60mm, and the specification of substrate is 300mm * 100mm; Used welding wire is the ER5087 aluminium alloy welding wire of diameter phi 1.2mm; Greasy dirt is removed on aluminium alloy test plate (panel) surface and oxide-film is handled to being welded before the weldering.Process of the test adopts accurate Waveform Control electric arc and laser compound, and its concrete welding variables is as follows respectively:
1) 5083 aluminium alloys: speed of welding 3.0m/min; wire feed rate 3.3m/min, laser power 3000W, welding current 53A; arc voltage 12.3V; the angle theta of laser beam and substrate is 30 °, and the angle α of welding gun and substrate is 45 °, and the distance of two laser is spaced apart 5mm; the spacing of each laser beam and welding wire is 2mm; stem elongation 16mm, protection gas is Ar, gas flow 20L/min.
2) 6061 aluminium alloys: speed of welding 3.5m/min; wire feed rate 4.0m/min, laser power 3000W, welding current 63A; arc voltage 12.5V; the angle theta of laser beam and substrate is 20 °, and the angle α of welding gun and substrate is 45 °, and the distance of two laser is spaced apart 10mm; the spacing of each laser beam and welding wire is 2mm; stem elongation 16mm, protection gas is Ar, gas flow 20L/min.
The postwelding interpretation of result shows that the T connector weld seam of acquisition all has extraordinary appearance of weld, and weld seam has formed rounding off in toe of weld position and mother metal, and face of weld does not have and splashes and weld defect.By measurements and calculations, the gain in weight of per unit length weld seam is respectively 8.42g/m and 8.62g/m when utilizing above-mentioned two welding variables welding aluminum alloy light sheet T type joints, only is about 1/7 of conventional MI6 weldering.The tension test test shows, the failure position of T connector tensile sample breaks at the aluminium alloy mother metal, and obvious ruckbildung takes place in joint not.

Claims (3)

1. one kind is used for the device that the aluminium alloy sheet T connector does not have the high-quality and efficient welding of low distortion of splashing, and it is characterized in that:
Two independently Waveform Control short circuiting transfer arc composite heat source devices of laser-accurately are set respectively in the both sides of the gusset (1) of T connector, and this composite heat source device also can be arranged on the one-sided of gusset (1) separately, carries out one-sided welding;
In every suit composite heat power supply, the electric arc compound with laser is the short circuiting transfer electric arc of accurate Waveform Control, be characterized in detection and feedback processing by the signal of telecommunication before the welding process short circuiting transfer is taken place, welding current and voltage waveform when accurately the control short circuiting transfer takes place, make molten drop liquid bridge break and carry out the transition to the moment in molten bath, welding current is maintained very little value, and the spatter when taking place to reduce short circuiting transfer produces;
The laser beam (4) of the Waveform Control short circuiting transfer arc composite heat sources of two laser-accurately, (11) apart from interval D 1Between 5mm~200mm; The spacing distance D of the laser beam (4) of gusset (1) both sides, the spot of (11) and the electric arc of corresponding with it aluminium alloy welding wire (6), (9) 2Be 1mm~4mm;
In each laser-accurate Waveform Control short circuiting transfer arc composite heat source, the wire feed rate of 1.0m/min~5.0m/min is adopted in aluminium alloy welding wire (6), (9), the speed of welding of coupling 2.0m/min~5.0m/min;
Accurately the arc-welding welding gun (5) of Waveform Control, (10) respectively and the angle α between the T connector substrate (2) be 45 ° ± 15 °, and laser beam (4), (11) respectively with the angle of T connector substrate (2) in 15 °~45 ° scopes.
2. the aluminium alloy sheet T connector that is used for according to claim 1 does not have the low device that is out of shape high-quality and efficient welding that splashes, it is characterized in that two cover laser-accurate Waveform Control short circuiting transfer arc composite heat source is two separate composite heat power supplies, the laser instrument that is adopted can be two separate laser instruments, also can be by beam splitting system laser energy to be divided into 50%+50%, use for two composite heat power supplies respectively by a laser instrument; The laser instrument that uses can be Nd:YAG laser instrument, dish-like laser instrument, optical fiber laser, semiconductor laser or CO 2Laser instrument.
3. according to claim 1ly be used for the device that the aluminium alloy sheet T connector does not have the high-quality and efficient welding of low distortion of splashing, it is characterized in that with the compound accurate Waveform Control short circuiting transfer electric arc of laser can be CMT electric arc, STT electric arc, CBT electric arc or CA electric arc.
CN 201020281492 2010-08-04 2010-08-04 Low-deformation high-quality high-efficiency welding device of aluminum alloy thin plate T-type joint Expired - Fee Related CN201871876U (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102357734A (en) * 2011-09-22 2012-02-22 北京工业大学 Method for connecting 2XXX and 7XXX heterogeneous aluminum alloy by laser filler wire
CN102528303A (en) * 2011-12-31 2012-07-04 大连理工大学 Dual laser-arc hybrid welding method for T-shaped structural component
CN104985326A (en) * 2015-07-27 2015-10-21 哈尔滨工业大学 Bilateral laser-InFocus electric arc composite welding method for T-type joint
CN105195867A (en) * 2015-10-26 2015-12-30 无锡市创新化工设备有限公司 Non-grooving welding method for thin plate
CN110598343A (en) * 2019-09-19 2019-12-20 中国航空制造技术研究院 Method and device for acquiring welding angle deformation value of T-shaped joint and electronic equipment
CN111515540A (en) * 2020-04-26 2020-08-11 华北水利水电大学 Thin plate T-shaped joint bilateral laser fuse welding device and welding method
CN111644744A (en) * 2020-05-20 2020-09-11 南京航空航天大学 Multifunctional integrated welding equipment and method for double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102357734A (en) * 2011-09-22 2012-02-22 北京工业大学 Method for connecting 2XXX and 7XXX heterogeneous aluminum alloy by laser filler wire
CN102357734B (en) * 2011-09-22 2013-11-27 北京工业大学 Method for connecting 2XXX and 7XXX heterogeneous aluminum alloy by laser filler wire
CN102528303A (en) * 2011-12-31 2012-07-04 大连理工大学 Dual laser-arc hybrid welding method for T-shaped structural component
CN104985326A (en) * 2015-07-27 2015-10-21 哈尔滨工业大学 Bilateral laser-InFocus electric arc composite welding method for T-type joint
CN105195867A (en) * 2015-10-26 2015-12-30 无锡市创新化工设备有限公司 Non-grooving welding method for thin plate
CN110598343A (en) * 2019-09-19 2019-12-20 中国航空制造技术研究院 Method and device for acquiring welding angle deformation value of T-shaped joint and electronic equipment
CN110598343B (en) * 2019-09-19 2023-05-02 中国航空制造技术研究院 Method and device for acquiring welding angle deformation value of T-shaped joint and electronic equipment
CN111515540A (en) * 2020-04-26 2020-08-11 华北水利水电大学 Thin plate T-shaped joint bilateral laser fuse welding device and welding method
CN111515540B (en) * 2020-04-26 2022-05-24 华北水利水电大学 Laser fuse welding device and welding method for two sides of thin plate T-shaped joint
CN111644744A (en) * 2020-05-20 2020-09-11 南京航空航天大学 Multifunctional integrated welding equipment and method for double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding

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