CN102179627A - Fusing-soldering welding method of aluminum-steel workpiece of joint positioned at one side of cladding steel - Google Patents
Fusing-soldering welding method of aluminum-steel workpiece of joint positioned at one side of cladding steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fusing-soldering welding method of an aluminum-steel workpiece of a joint positioned at one side of cladding steel, which realizes the welding between different materials with very large difference of thermal physical properties and belongs to the technical field of metal welding. The prior art has the defects of complex welding process, high welding cost and low welding strength. In the fusing-soldering welding method, a welding workpiece is the aluminum-steel workpiece, that is to say, one side of the welding workpiece is provided with an aluminum workpiece, and one side of the welding workpiece is provided with a steel workpiece; the welding joint of the aluminum workpiece is abutted with the welding joint of the steel workpiece; laser welding is adopted, and an aluminum cladding layer is cladded on the surface of the welding joint of the steel workpiece, wherein the surface faces to one side of a welding laser; aluminum base soldering materials are applied to the abutting position of the welding joint of the aluminum workpiece and the welding joint of the steel workpiece in the welding process. Through adopting the fusing-soldering welding method disclosed by the invention, an aluminum workpiece plate and a steel workpiece plate are welded in an abutting manner; and the maximal tensile strength of the fusing-soldering welding connecting position of the aluminum-steel workpiece exceeds 80-85 percent of the tensile strength of an aluminum workpiece parent metal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminium-steel workpiece welding-braze welding method of cladding steel one side connector, realize the welding between the foreign material that hot rerum natura differs greatly, belong to the metal welding techniques field.
Background technology
The use of aluminium can alleviate the deadweight of plant equipment etc. significantly, for example, has the body of a motor car of aluminium-steel construction, boats and ships control tower and deck, and the daily living article that constitutes jointly by aluminium alloy and stainless steel etc.Realize the technical problem that is connected to become the metal solder field of aluminium-steel workpiece in the mode of welding.In order to solve this technical problem, this field has occurred in the aluminium base solder that adds and aluminium alloy one side generation melting welding, and the welding-braze welding method of steel one side generation soldering.These class methods are avoided dissolving each other at steel one side generation steel and aluminium base solder.Because the solid solubility between aluminium, the steel is lower, thermophysical property differs greatly, both very easily react under molten condition, generate the intermetallic compound of fragility, and the intermetallic compound of this fragility has greatly reduced the mechanical property of welding point.Below in conjunction with object lesson this class methods are described.
Application number is that a Chinese invention patent application of 200910072270.2 discloses one and be entitled as the technical scheme of " a kind of adopt preset on the steel surface method that the Al coating realizes aluminium-steel welding ".This scheme is carried out hot-dip aluminizing at the steel joint surface earlier, presets the Al coating, with the aluminium joint overlap joint, utilizes the MIG welding machine to weld then again, realizes the welding-braze of aluminium-steel workpiece.The measure of being taked of aluminizing its objective is wetting steel part joint, thereby can reduce welding temperature, so avoid that aluminium takes place, steel dissolves each other.Because the adding of hot-dip aluminizing operation causes whole aluminium-steel welding process to become complicated.Simultaneously, because MIG weldering is than Laser Welding, the heat input is big, can cause aluminium-steel welded joint heat affected area scope bigger, and heat affected area whole welding joints intensity Minimum Area often, the expansion of heat affected area scope causes weld strength to reduce.In addition, this scheme is finished welding in the mode of aluminium-steel workpiece joint overlap joint, therefore, is not suitable for the welding of some other mode as butt joint.
Application number is that a Chinese invention patent application of 200910073465.9 discloses one and be entitled as the technical scheme of " the assistant coating TIG fusing welding-braze method that is applicable to the aluminum/steel dissimilar alloy butt joint ".Before the welding, have corrosive brazing flux furnishing emulsion with a kind of, use described emulsion brushing steel workpiece joint bevel again, corrode this groove face, dry up this coating with acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol.Groove through the brazing flux corrosion is easy to solder wetting, thereby can reduce welding temperature, avoids steel one side connector to melt in welding process.This scheme also adopts the heat conduction of copper plate substrate at steel one side connector place, adopt steel substrate heat conduction at aluminium one side connector place, makes the heat conduction of steel one side connector be better than the heat conduction of aluminium one side connector, avoids steel one side connector to melt in welding process.Adopt the TIG weldering to finish the welding-braze of aluminium-steel workpiece.Yet this scheme adopts has corrosive brazing flux and can cause serious pollution to environment.The brushing brazing flux is inhomogeneous can to reduce the weld strength uniformity.The bevel operation set up and the adding of thermal conductive substrate causes complex process, cost improves.
Summary of the invention
In order to simplify welding procedure, reduce welding cost, guarantee the weld strength of aluminium-steel workpiece simultaneously, realize aluminium-steel workpiece docking laser welding-braze, we have invented a kind of aluminium-steel workpiece welding-braze welding method of cladding steel one side connector.
The welding work pieces of the present invention's method is aluminium-steel workpiece, be that welding work pieces one side is an aluminium workpiece 1, one side is a steel workpiece 2, it is characterized in that, aluminium workpiece welding point 3 docks with steel workpiece welding point 4, adopts laser weld, at steel workpiece welding point 4 towards welding laser 5 one side surface metallized aluminum matter clads 6, in welding process, impose aluminium base solder, see Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2 to aluminium workpiece welding point 3 and steel workpiece welding point 4 joints.
Adopt method welding of aluminum-steel workpiece of the present invention, need not the steel workpiece welding point is done the processing of aluminizing, need not aluminium workpiece welding point and steel workpiece welding point are processed groove, need not aluminium workpiece welding point and steel workpiece welding point are carried out the surface corrosion processing, need not below aluminium workpiece and steel workpiece, to lay thermal conductive substrate.Only need aluminium workpiece, steel workpiece butt joint are got final product towards welding laser one side surface metallized aluminum matter clad at the steel workpiece welding point.Significantly simplify welding sequence, thereby reduce welding cost.Adopt laser weld, reduce the heat affected area, improve weld strength.Under the blocking of aluminium matter clad, reduce the absorptivity of steel workpiece welding point, and promote the conduction of this side laser energy, thereby avoid when aluminium workpiece welding point melts laser, the steel workpiece welding point also melts.In welding process, become auxiliary solder after the fusing of aluminium matter clad, combine with aluminium base solder, help the tight welding of aluminium-steel workpiece.The final welding-braze of realizing aluminium-steel workpiece.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the present invention's a method schematic perspective view, and this figure double as is a Figure of abstract.Fig. 2 is that the present invention's method is observed its operating mode schematic diagram from aluminium-steel workpiece butt joint end face.Fig. 3 is that the present invention's method adopts electric arc-laser composite heat power supply welding situation schematic perspective view.
The specific embodiment
See Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2.Aluminium workpiece 1 is sheet material or bar, and material is fine aluminium or aluminium alloy, as A5052-H32 aluminium alloy or A6061-T4 aluminium alloy.Steel workpiece 2 is sheet material or bar, and material is ordinary low-carbon steel or low-alloy steel, as JSC270CC mild steel, DC06 low-alloy steel.Clean aluminium-steel workpiece welding point.As adopt sodium hydroxide solution to remove the oxide layer on aluminium workpiece welding point 3 surfaces, and remove aluminium workpiece welding point 3 and steel workpiece welding point 4 surface and oil contaminants with acetone.Aluminium workpiece welding point 3 is docked with steel workpiece welding point 4.Dock with steel workpiece 2 sheet materials as aluminium workpiece 1 sheet material, perhaps aluminium workpiece 1 bar docks with steel workpiece 2 bars.Adopt laser weld, as employing Nd:YAG laser instrument, optical maser wavelength 1.06 μ m, specified peak power output 4000W perhaps adopts CO
2Laser instrument, optical maser wavelength are 10.6 μ m, and specified peak power output is 5000W.Welding laser 5 power P are 800～2500W, speed of welding v is 0.5～4.5m/min, defocusing amount-2～0mm, the spot diameter of welding laser 5 irradiation on aluminium-steel workpiece welding point surface is 0.4～1.0mm, and welding laser 5 spot center are positioned at aluminium workpiece welding point 3 and steel workpiece welding point 4 joints.Protective gas is an Ar gas, or the mist that forms by 2: 3 volume ratios of He gas and Ar gas.Protective gas blows to aluminium-steel workpiece welding point surface, 10～25 liters/minute of flows.Before the welding at steel workpiece welding point 4 towards welding laser 5 one side metallized aluminum matter clads 6.Adopt the strip aluminium foil as aluminium matter clad 6.The width of strip aluminium foil is more than or equal to welding laser 3 spot radius.The aluminium foil material be fine aluminium or with the consistent aluminium alloy of aluminium workpiece 1 quality of parent material.When the aluminium foil material was fine aluminium, its thickness was 0.03～0.3mm; When the aluminium foil material was aluminium alloy, its thickness was 0.03～5mm.Adopt sodium hydroxide solution to remove the aluminium foil surface oxide layer, and remove the aluminium foil surface greasy dirt with acetone.In welding process, impose aluminium base solder at aluminium workpiece welding point 3 and steel workpiece welding point 4 joints.The form of aluminium base solder is Powdered or thread.The material of aluminium base solder is that material is AlSi12.When the aluminium base solder form was Powdered, powder diameter was 45～110 μ m, powder sending quantity 5～8g/min, 6～8 liters/minute of powder carrier gas fluxes, 45 ° of powder feeding angles.When the aluminium base solder form is thread, just adopt welding wire 7 welding, see shown in Figure 3ly, gage of wire 1.0～1.2mm is with the welding of MIG weldering welding gun 8 wire feeds, wire feed rate 6～8m/min, 45 ° of wire feed angles.MIG weldering is prior to laser weld, laser weld following closely, at this moment, welding heat source is electric arc-laser composite heat power supply.MIG welding current 160～180A, voltage 25～30V.When aluminium-steel workpiece is sheet material, after aluminium workpiece welding point 3 and the welding of steel workpiece welding point 4 joints one side, again to aluminium workpiece welding point 3 and the welding of steel workpiece welding point 4 joint opposite sides.When aluminium-steel workpiece is bar, aluminium workpiece welding point 3 and steel workpiece welding point 4 joints are carried out the annular welding.
Welding of aluminum-steel workpiece according to the method described above, the aluminium foil after aluminium base solder and the fusing be as auxiliary solder and 3 weldings of aluminium workpiece welding point, with 4 brazing filler metals of steel workpiece welding point, and the welding-braze of realization aluminium-steel workpiece.In tension test, occur in the place, heat affected area of aluminium workpiece welding point 3 rather than aluminium-steel workpiece welding-braze junction through its fracture position of aluminium-steel workpiece of welding-braze.The tensile strength of the maximum of aluminium-steel workpiece welding-braze junction surpasses 80～85% of aluminium workpiece 1 mother metal tensile strength.
If steel workpiece welding point 4 usefulness aluminium matter clads 6 are not coated, other welding condition is constant, steel workpiece welding point 4 mother metals melt as a result, be connected though formed with the effective of aluminium workpiece 1, but the tensile strength of aluminium-steel workpiece welding point drops to below 50% of aluminium workpiece 1 mother metal tensile strength.
Embodiment 1:
See Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2.Aluminium workpiece 1 is a sheet material, thickness of slab 1.5mm, and material is the A5052-H32 aluminium alloy.Steel workpiece 2 is a sheet material, thickness of slab 0.7mm, and material is a JSC270CC mild steel.Clean aluminium-steel workpiece welding point, the sodium hydrate aqueous solution of employing 8% is removed the oxide layer on aluminium workpiece welding point 3 surfaces, and removes aluminium workpiece welding point 3 and steel workpiece welding point 4 surface and oil contaminants with acetone.Aluminium workpiece welding point 3 is docked with steel workpiece welding point 4, and the central core of aluminium workpiece 1 sheet material docks with the central core of steel workpiece 2 sheet materials.Adopt the Nd:YAG laser instrument to carry out laser weld, optical maser wavelength 1.06 μ m, specified peak power output 4000W.Welding laser 5 power P are 800W, speed of welding v is 0.5m/min, defocusing amount-2mm, the spot diameter of welding laser 5 irradiation on aluminium-steel workpiece welding point surface is 0.4mm, welding laser 5 spot center are positioned at aluminium workpiece welding point 3 and steel workpiece welding point 4 joints.Protective gas is an Ar gas.Protective gas blows to aluminium-steel workpiece welding point surface, 25 liters/minute of flows.Before the welding at steel workpiece welding point 4 towards welding laser 5 one side metallized aluminum matter clads 6.Adopt the strip aluminium foil as aluminium matter clad 6.The width of strip aluminium foil is more than or equal to welding laser 3 spot radius.The aluminium foil material is a fine aluminium, and its thickness is 0.1mm.Adopt 8% sodium hydrate aqueous solution removal aluminium foil surface oxide layer, and remove the aluminium foil surface greasy dirt with acetone.In welding process, impose aluminium base solder at aluminium workpiece welding point 3 and steel workpiece welding point 4 joints.The form of aluminium base solder is Powdered.The material of aluminium base solder is that material is AlSi12.Powder diameter is 45 μ m, powder sending quantity 5g/min, 6 liters/minute of powder carrier gas fluxes, 45 ° of powder feeding angles.After aluminium workpiece welding point 3 and the welding of steel workpiece welding point 4 joints one side, again to aluminium workpiece welding point 3 and the welding of steel workpiece welding point 4 joint opposite sides.
Welding of aluminum-steel workpiece according to the method described above, the aluminium foil after aluminium base solder and the fusing be as auxiliary solder and 3 weldings of aluminium workpiece welding point, with 4 brazing filler metals of steel workpiece welding point, and the welding-braze of realization aluminium-steel workpiece.In tension test, occur in the place, heat affected area of aluminium workpiece welding point 3 rather than aluminium-steel workpiece welding-braze junction through its fracture position of aluminium-steel workpiece of welding-braze.The tensile strength of the maximum of aluminium-steel workpiece welding-braze junction surpasses 80% of aluminium workpiece 1 mother metal tensile strength.
Embodiment 2:
See Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2.Aluminium workpiece 1 is a sheet material, thickness of slab 8mm, and material is the A6061-T4 aluminium alloy.Steel workpiece 2 is a sheet material, thickness of slab 4mm, and material is a DC06 low-alloy steel.Clean aluminium-steel workpiece welding point, the sodium hydrate aqueous solution of employing 8% is removed the oxide layer on aluminium workpiece welding point 3 surfaces, and removes aluminium workpiece welding point 3 and steel workpiece welding point 4 surface and oil contaminants with acetone.Aluminium workpiece welding point 3 is docked with steel workpiece welding point 4, and the central core of aluminium workpiece 1 sheet material docks with the central core of steel workpiece 2 sheet materials.Adopt strip type CO
2Laser instrument carries out laser weld, and optical maser wavelength is 10.6 μ m, and specified peak power output is 5000W.Welding laser 5 power P are 2500W, speed of welding v is 4.5m/min, defocusing amount-1mm, the spot diameter of welding laser 5 irradiation on aluminium-steel workpiece welding point surface is 1.0mm, welding laser 5 spot center are positioned at aluminium workpiece welding point 3 and steel workpiece welding point 4 joints.The protective gas mist that to be He gas and Ar gas form by 2: 3 volume ratios.Protective gas blows to aluminium-steel workpiece welding point surface, 25 liters/minute of flows.Before the welding at steel workpiece welding point 4 towards welding laser 5 one side metallized aluminum matter clads 6.Adopt the strip aluminium foil as aluminium matter clad 6.The width of strip aluminium foil is more than or equal to welding laser 3 spot radius.The aluminium foil material is the A6061-T4 aluminium alloy consistent with aluminium workpiece 1 quality of parent material, and its thickness is 0.3mm.Adopt 8% sodium hydrate aqueous solution removal aluminium foil surface oxide layer, and remove the aluminium foil surface greasy dirt with acetone.In welding process, impose aluminium base solder at aluminium workpiece welding point 3 and steel workpiece welding point 4 joints.The material of aluminium base solder is that material is AlSi12.The form of aluminium base solder is thread, just adopts welding wire 7 welding, sees shown in Figure 3ly, and gage of wire 1.0mm is with the welding of MIG weldering welding gun 8 wire feeds, wire feed rate 8m/min, 45 ° of wire feed angles.MIG weldering is prior to laser weld, laser weld following closely, at this moment, welding heat source is electric arc-laser composite heat power supply.MIG welding current 160A, voltage 25V.After aluminium workpiece welding point 3 and the welding of steel workpiece welding point 4 joints one side, again to aluminium workpiece welding point 3 and the welding of steel workpiece welding point 4 joint opposite sides.
Welding of aluminum-steel workpiece according to the method described above, the aluminium foil after aluminium base solder and the fusing be as auxiliary solder and 3 weldings of aluminium workpiece welding point, with 4 brazing filler metals of steel workpiece welding point, and the welding-braze of realization aluminium-steel workpiece.In tension test, occur in the place, heat affected area of aluminium workpiece welding point 3 rather than aluminium-steel workpiece welding-braze junction through its fracture position of aluminium-steel workpiece of welding-braze.The tensile strength of the maximum of aluminium-steel workpiece welding-braze junction surpasses 85% of aluminium workpiece 1 mother metal tensile strength.
Claims (7)
1. the aluminium of cladding steel one side connector-steel workpiece welding-braze welding method, welding work pieces is aluminium-steel workpiece, be that welding work pieces one side is aluminium workpiece (1), one side is steel workpiece (2), it is characterized in that, aluminium workpiece welding point (3) docks with steel workpiece welding point (4), adopt laser weld, towards welding laser (5) one side surface metallized aluminum matter clads (6), in welding process, impose aluminium base solder at steel workpiece welding point (4) to aluminium workpiece welding point (3) and steel workpiece welding point (4) joint.
2. aluminium according to claim 1-steel workpiece welding-braze welding method is characterized in that aluminium workpiece (1) is sheet material or bar, and material is fine aluminium or aluminium alloy; Steel workpiece (2) is sheet material or bar, and material is ordinary low-carbon steel or low-alloy steel.
3. aluminium according to claim 1-steel workpiece welding-braze welding method, it is characterized in that, welding laser (5) power P is 800～2500W, speed of welding v is 0.5～4.5m/min, defocusing amount-2～0mm, the spot diameter of welding laser (5) irradiation on aluminium-steel workpiece welding point surface is 0.4～1.0mm, and welding laser (5) spot center is positioned at aluminium workpiece welding point (3) and steel workpiece welding point (4) joint.
4. aluminium according to claim 1-steel workpiece welding-braze welding method is characterized in that, adopts the strip aluminium foil as aluminium matter clad (6); The width of strip aluminium foil is more than or equal to welding laser (3) spot radius; The aluminium foil material be fine aluminium or with the consistent aluminium alloy of aluminium workpiece (1) quality of parent material.
5. aluminium according to claim 4-steel workpiece welding-braze welding method is characterized in that, when the aluminium foil material was fine aluminium, its thickness was 0.03～0.3mm; When the aluminium foil material was aluminium alloy, its thickness was 0.03～5mm.
6. aluminium according to claim 1-steel workpiece welding-braze welding method is characterized in that, the material of aluminium base solder is that material is AlSi12; The form of aluminium base solder is Powdered or thread; When the aluminium base solder form was Powdered, powder diameter was 45～110 μ m, powder sending quantity 5～8g/min, 6～8 liters/minute of powder carrier gas fluxes; When the aluminium base solder form is thread, just adopt welding wire (7) welding, gage of wire 1.0～1.2mm, with the welding of MIG welding gun (8) wire feed, wire feed rate 6～8m/min, MIG welds prior to laser weld, and laser weld is following closely.
7. aluminium according to claim 1-steel workpiece welding-braze welding method, it is characterized in that, when aluminium-steel workpiece is sheet material, after aluminium workpiece welding point (3) and the welding of steel workpiece welding point (4) joint one side, again to aluminium workpiece welding point (3) and the welding of steel workpiece welding point (4) joint opposite side; When aluminium-steel workpiece is bar, aluminium workpiece welding point (3) and steel workpiece welding point (4) joint are carried out the annular welding.
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| CN102974925A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-03-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Method for optimizing aluminum/steel metal inert-gas (MIG) soldered joint through tungsten inert gas (TIG) voltaic arc cooperating with heating |
| CN103681060A (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2014-03-26 | 戴家文 | Laser-welded keyboard internal structure and processing technique thereof |
| CN104884170A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2015-09-02 | 恩德斯+豪斯流量技术股份有限公司 | Measuring system having a carrier element and a sensor |
| CN108856939A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-11-23 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of compound molten pricker welding method in aluminium alloy/steel laser-magnetic field |
| CN110681935A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-01-14 | 西南交通大学 | Laser self-melting brazing method for aluminum alloy-stainless steel dissimilar metal |
| CN112192057A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Butt-joint laser melting brazing method for aluminum/steel medium-thickness pipe |
| CN115488506A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2022-12-20 | 长沙大科激光科技有限公司 | Laser welding method for copper-aluminum lap joint in field of power batteries |
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| CN103681060A (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2014-03-26 | 戴家文 | Laser-welded keyboard internal structure and processing technique thereof |
| CN102974925A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-03-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Method for optimizing aluminum/steel metal inert-gas (MIG) soldered joint through tungsten inert gas (TIG) voltaic arc cooperating with heating |
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| CN108856939A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-11-23 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of compound molten pricker welding method in aluminium alloy/steel laser-magnetic field |
| CN110681935A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-01-14 | 西南交通大学 | Laser self-melting brazing method for aluminum alloy-stainless steel dissimilar metal |
| CN112192057A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Butt-joint laser melting brazing method for aluminum/steel medium-thickness pipe |
| CN115488506A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2022-12-20 | 长沙大科激光科技有限公司 | Laser welding method for copper-aluminum lap joint in field of power batteries |
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