CN111112839B - Double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding device and method assisted by external magnetic field - Google Patents
Double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding device and method assisted by external magnetic field Download PDFInfo
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- CN111112839B CN111112839B CN202010011886.5A CN202010011886A CN111112839B CN 111112839 B CN111112839 B CN 111112839B CN 202010011886 A CN202010011886 A CN 202010011886A CN 111112839 B CN111112839 B CN 111112839B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000036555 skin type Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003631 expected effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding device and method assisted by an external magnetic field. The method is assisted by a transverse magnetic field during double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding, and aims to reduce partial welding defects. The device comprises a laser, a bilateral synchronous laser output head, a magnetic field power supply and a bilateral magnetic field generator. The laser is coupled with the synchronous laser output heads at two sides, and the magnetic field power supply is coupled with the magnetic field generators at two sides. The double-side synchronous laser output head can focus laser beams emitted by the laser to welding surfaces on two sides, and the double-side magnetic field generator generates a transverse stable magnetic field under the control of the magnetic field power supply and is coupled at a welding position. The absorption of the energy of the laser beam by the workpiece is improved by the influence of the external magnetic field on the distribution of the plasma generated during welding. The invention has the advantages of non-contact, high efficiency and the like, and has important significance for promoting the development of the double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding of T-shaped structural parts, in particular to a device and a method for magnetic-field-assisted laser welding.
Background
In recent years, with the rise of high-power lasers, the application of lasers in the field of material processing, in particular in the field of welding, has received sufficient attention. Compared with the traditional welding methods such as argon tungsten-arc welding, friction stir welding, metal inert gas shielded welding and the like, the method for welding by adopting the high-power laser has the advantages of small deformation after welding, small grain structure, high welding speed, large depth-to-width ratio of a welding line and the like. At present, in T-shaped structure joints existing in the fields of high-speed trains, automobile industry, aerospace and the like, a double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding method is adopted to realize laser welding so as to reduce the overall weight, improve the efficiency and improve the strength of a connecting position. However, the double-side synchronous welding with the double laser beams also has a few defects, and plasma gas generated during laser welding can obstruct the absorption of laser energy by a workpiece, so that the weld penetration is reduced, the welding process is unstable, and the defects of undercut, splashing, air holes and the like are generated, so that the strength of a joint is greatly reduced, and the quality of a part is finally greatly reduced.
The method for welding the T-shaped structural member by using the double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding method can improve the efficiency and reduce the cost, but the existing double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding device for the T-shaped structural member cannot solve the problems of influence of plasma gas on the energy of a laser beam, instability in the welding process and defects after welding. Eventually, the quality of the joint is reduced and the expected effect cannot be achieved. Therefore, how to optimize the welding process, reduce defects and improve the joint quality becomes the key for solving the problems brought by the double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding.
In the published patents, although the invention realizes magnetic field assisted laser welding and proves the important role of the magnetic field in the laser welding process, the welding structure of the device is flat butt joint and can not meet the requirement of the T-shaped structure. Moreover, the magnetic field in many patents is generated by a permanent magnet, and the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field cannot be adjusted quickly.
Therefore, the invention designs an external magnetic field assisted double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding device, namely, an auxiliary transverse magnetic field is applied in the double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding process. The distribution and movement of the plasma gas are changed by the applied transverse magnetic field, the penetration is increased, and the forming process of the welding molten pool is stable by the generated Lorentz force. The device can greatly reduce welding defects, improve the quality of joints, is simple to realize, and is suitable for double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding of T-shaped structural parts.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing device, the invention designs the double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding device assisted by an external magnetic field. The device comprises a magnetic field generating device, a welding working platform, a laser and a shielding gas device. The magnetic field generating device comprises a magnetic field power supply 2, a guide rail 11, a displacement device 12, a solenoid 13 and a protective sleeve 14. The device can effectively improve the distribution and the movement of plasma gas, reduce the defects of air holes, splash and the like, greatly improves the stability of the welding process, improves the quality of joints, is easy to realize, and has lower cost.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding device assisted by an external magnetic field adopts an existing aluminum welding working platform. The magnetic field generating device can generate a transversely stable magnetic field and can adjust parameters on the magnetic field power supply 2. The solenoid 13 is driven by the displacement device 12 to move synchronously on the guide rail 11 along with the laser, so that the magnetic field is ensured to act on the molten pool forever. The laser welding equipment uses a high-power disc type laser, and the auxiliary welding equipment is a KUKA robot. The laser beam forms a certain angle with the vertical direction to facilitate welding; the laser beam and the protective air nozzle form 60 degrees to form paraxial side blowing so as to achieve better protection effect.
The double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding device assisted by the external magnetic field is characterized in that:
in order to reduce the blocking effect of plasma gas on energy absorption of a workpiece in the double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding process, improve the solidification stability of a molten pool in the welding process, reduce the defects of splashing, undercut, air holes and the like generated in the welding process and improve the strength of a joint, an external magnetic field assisted double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding device is designed. The device can generate a transverse steady magnetic field, and the influence of the magnetic field on the plasma further influences a molten pool in the welding process, so that the solidification of the molten pool in the welding process is improved, and the aims are finally achieved.
The technical problem of the present invention can be further solved by the following problems.
Furthermore, the skin-type workpiece 9 and the stringer-type workpiece 5 form a T-shaped structure, the thickness of the skin-type workpiece 9 is 0.2-4 mm, the thickness of the stringer-type workpiece 5 is 1-5 mm, and the lengths of the skin-type workpiece 9 and the stringer-type workpiece 5 are kept consistent.
Further, if the thickness of the skin-type workpiece 9 is insufficient, the shim plate 10 is added to supplement so that the weld is within the magnetic field range.
Further, the magnetic field generating device comprises a magnetic field power supply 2, a guide rail 11, a displacement device 12, a solenoid 13 and a protective sleeve 14. The magnetic field power supply 2 can adjust the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field by changing the magnitude and direction of the current. The displacement device 12 can drive the solenoid 13 to move on the guide rail 11, so as to ensure that the magnetic field and the laser beam are in the same interface and the magnetic field can completely act on the molten pool. The protective sleeve 14 can be well positioned and isolated from the external influence on the magnetic field.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the invention generates a stable transverse magnetic field by electrifying the solenoid, and the magnitude and the direction of the magnetic field intensity can be quickly adjusted by a magnetic field power supply. Through the action of the transverse magnetic field, the distribution of plasma gas in the double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding process of the T-shaped structural part can be better improved, so that a molten pool is influenced. Therefore, the stability of the welding process can be improved, and defects such as air holes and splashing can be reduced. The method is easy to realize and low in cost, can improve the movement behavior of the molten pool in the double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding process of the T-shaped structural member, and has great significance for promoting double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding to improve the welding stability and reduce defects.
Drawings
In order to more clearly express the method of the device, the attached drawings required by the device are described below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a dual-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding device assisted by an external magnetic field.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding device with the assistance of an external magnetic field.
Fig. 3 is a magnetic field generating device of a double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding device assisted by an external magnetic field.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the magnetic field direction of a dual-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding device assisted by an external magnetic field.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a displacement device of a dual-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding device assisted by an external magnetic field.
Wherein the reference numerals are respectively:
1. a laser; 2. a magnetic field power supply; 3. a conducting optical fiber; 4. a bilateral synchronous laser output head; 5. a stringer-type workpiece; 6. a bilateral magnetic field generator; 7. protecting the air tap; 8. welding a working platform; 9. a skin type workpiece; 10. a base plate; 11. a guide rail; 12. a displacement device: 13. a solenoid; 14. and (6) a protective sleeve.
Detailed Description
The device is further described with reference to the figures and the examples.
Please refer to fig. 1 to 5. The utility model provides a supplementary two laser beam bilateral synchronous welding set of plus magnetic field, this device contains laser welding equipment, welding work platform, magnetic field produces the device, shielding gas device.
The skin-type workpiece 9 and the stringer-type workpiece 5 have dimensions of 50mm × 100mm × 4mm, 2mm × 100mm × 20mm, respectively, with the addition of a 6mm backing plate 10, and the welding work platform has dimensions of 300mm × 500mm × 12 mm. In the magnetic field generating device: the magnetic field power supply 2 controls the displacement device 12 and the solenoid 13 which are symmetrically arranged at two sides, the length and the width of the guide rail 11 are respectively 200 multiplied by 10mm, the displacement device 12 is provided with a pulley, the width of the pulley is 9mm, and the magnetic field power supply can move on the guide rail 11 smoothly and unimpededly. The magnetic field can just ensure that the welding process is acted on from the beginning, and the molten pool is formed by the metal melting until the molten pool is solidified.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the working principle of the device is as follows:
the welding points of the skin-shaped workpiece 9 and the stringer-shaped workpiece 5 are carefully polished before welding, cleaned by ethanol, and then fixed and clamped on the welding working platform 8 respectively. The adopted laser welding equipment is a TruDisc-12003 high-power disc type laser of Trumpf company, the maximum power is 12kW, the wavelength is 1030nm, the minimum diameter of an optical fiber is 300 mu m, and the output power stability is +/-1%. And a KUKA robot is adopted for assistance. And adjusting the robot and the laser head to ensure smooth welding. Before the welding starts, the protective gas is opened, and the welding process is protected by argon with the protective gas flow of 15L/min and the purity of 99.99 percent. The protective air nozzle and the laser beam form an included angle of 60 degrees, the protective air is blown in a paraxial side blowing mode, and the welding position can be well protected. It is also necessary to fix the protective sheaths 14 to both sides of the skin-type workpiece 9 before welding begins, and to fix the position accurately. The magnetic field power supply 2 is turned on, the current parameters are set, the solenoid 13 is electrified to generate a magnetic field, and the actual magnetic field intensity can be directly measured by using a teslameter to measure the magnetic field intensity at the welding position. The displacement device is moved in advance and the welding is started when its magnetic field is applied to the welding location. After welding, the solenoid 13 can move under the drive of the displacement device 12, which ensures that the magnetic field always acts on the welding process from the melting of the metal to the formation of the molten pool to the solidification of the molten pool.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that the above-described preferred embodiments are illustrative only, and are not limiting to the invention in any way, as simple changes, modifications, and improvements of the above-described embodiments are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims, as long as they fall within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding device assisted by an external magnetic field is characterized by comprising a welding work platform (8), a protective air nozzle (7) and a magnetic field generating device, wherein a T-shaped structure is formed by a skin-shaped workpiece (9) and a stringer-shaped workpiece (5), the T-shaped structure is clamped on the welding work platform (8), a focused laser beam and the stringer-shaped workpiece (5) form a certain angle which is 20-60 degrees, the focused laser beam and the protective air nozzle (7) form a fixed angle which is 60 degrees, the magnetic field generating device comprises a magnetic field power supply (2), a displacement device (12), a solenoid (13) and a protective sleeve (14), and the solenoid (13) can generate a transverse stable magnetic field;
the magnetic field generating device can generate a transverse magnetic field at a welding position, and the size and the direction of the magnetic field for assisting welding can be determined by setting and adjusting parameters on the magnetic field power supply (2); the direction of the generated magnetic field is vertical to the welding direction and always keeps the same plane with the laser beam so as to ensure that the magnetic field can always act on the welding process;
the magnetic field generating devices are respectively arranged on two sides of the T-shaped structure and keep symmetry, the directions of magnetic fields generated by the magnetic field generating devices are the same, and the magnetic fields generated by the two magnetic field generating devices in a welding area are superposed;
a displacement device (12) is arranged in a protective sleeve (14) of the magnetic field generating device, and the displacement device (12) is used for fixing the solenoid (13) and driving the solenoid (13) to move together; during welding, the displacement device (12) can move synchronously with the laser head.
2. The double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding device assisted by an external magnetic field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the skin-type workpiece (9) is 0.2 mm-4 mm, the thickness of the purlin-type workpiece (5) is 1 mm-5 mm, the lengths of the skin-type workpiece (9) and the purlin-type workpiece (5) are kept consistent, and if the thickness of the skin-type workpiece (9) is not enough, a backing plate (10) can be added for supplement.
3. An external magnetic field assisted double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding method, which applies the external magnetic field assisted double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding device as claimed in any one of claims 1-2, and is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: the magnetic field generating device generates a magnetic field perpendicular to the welding direction in the working state of the magnetic field power supply (2), and the strength and the direction of the magnetic field are adjusted by setting parameters on the magnetic field power supply (2); when welding is started, the solenoid (13) is enabled to move along with the laser beam through the displacement device (12), and the whole process that the magnetic field generated by the electrified solenoid (13) is always acted on the molten pool is ensured, and the molten pool is formed from metal melting until the molten pool is solidified.
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| CN111112839B true CN111112839B (en) | 2021-07-27 |
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